本研究主要目的在探討，外表光鮮亮麗的電視新聞主播在工作中所面臨的工作倦怠現象，並探討哪些因素可能使電視新聞主播產生工作倦怠感與工作壓力？本研究以半結構式訪問法，共訪問國內十二位電視新聞主播，從主播的個人特質、媒體組織及社會情境三個層面，探討電視新聞主播工作倦怠的成因，並嘗試分析工作倦怠對主播的工作表現及職業生涯規劃的影響。 研究發現，新聞主播的工作倦怠現象是普遍性的存在，其工作倦怠感會受到個人、組織、工作特性與媒體環境變化等因素的影響，其中工作角色職務的不同也會影響主播的工作倦怠程度。 本研究主要發現如下： （一）新聞主播的工作壓力大，工作倦怠感並非單純個人問題，組織支持很重要。 （二）新聞團隊的合作與組織溝通很重要。 （三）新聞主播的工作倦怠感，會因工作職務角色區分而有不同。 （四）台灣的新聞主播角色面臨轉型的重要階段、外界觀感影響主播自我認知。 關鍵字：新聞主播、電視新聞、工作倦怠、工作壓力 / This research mainly conducts the job burnout phenomenon of anchors with glittery outfits, and also conducts the causes of job stress and job burnout of anchors. This research adopts semi-structured interview method, interviewed twelve domestic anchorpersons to figure out the causes of job burnout of anchors in three levels, including personal characteristics, media organizations, and social situation, this research also tries to analyze how the job burnout influence anchors’ performance and career planning. This research finds out that job burnout phenomenon is common among anchorpersons, which is influenced by individuals, organizations, working characters, and the changing media environment, in which working character and identity is also influential to the level of anchors’ tiredness. Findings of this research: 1. Anchorpersons have great job stress, job burnout is not a simple individual problem, it is also important gaining support from organization. 2. It is very important having communication inside organization and teamwork. 3. Job burnout of anchors could be different due to working characters. 4. Anchorpersons in Taiwan now facing an important stage of transforming, external impression influences the self-recognition of anchors. Keywords: anchor、television news、 job burnout、 job stress

本研究以内容分析法分析台灣公共電視與TVBS新聞台晚間新聞中國際新聞的數量、編排、資訊娛樂化與馴化策略的呈現，共分析公共電視140則，TVBS新聞台80則，合共221則國際新聞。 本研究發現：1）台灣電子媒體的國際新聞在内容上依然以嚴肅的政治與經濟主題為主。然而，資訊娛樂化的主題在台灣電子媒體中依然佔相當的比例。2）商業電視台較公營電視台更常以資訊娛樂為主題與以娛樂性角度報導國際新聞。而根據本研究所發展出來的「内在資訊娛樂化指數」，商業電視台之資訊娛樂化程度較公共電視高。3）引用西方媒體如CNN與BBC的國際新聞之「内在資訊娛樂化指數」較低，而引用非西方媒體或沒有引用外國媒體的國際新聞「内在資訊娛樂化指數」則最高。4）本研究發現台灣電視國際新聞中落後國家較的資訊娛樂化程度較已發展國家與發展中國家為低。5）本研究也發現在外在資訊娛樂化的部分，台灣電子媒體在視覺包裝的使用較不常見。 本研究結果同時也指出台灣電子媒體之國際新聞的地域角度中較重視國外新聞。在馴化策略的使用中不管是地圖的使用或影響的説明都偏低，研究同時也發現在本地消息來源的使用上，台灣電子媒體均以名人與專家為主。比較公營電視台與商業電視台則發現公營電視台較重視國際新聞中本地消息來源之聲音。 / Employing content analysis, this study examines the quantity, format, infotainment phenomena and domestication strategies of international news in two Taiwan television stations. This study analyzes a total number of 221 international news, consisting 140 international news from Taiwan Public Broadcast Station, and 80 from TVBS News Channel. From this study, it is concluded that: 1) political related topic dominate Taiwan international news, however infotainment topic such as human interest, entertainment, and sports news also occupied a large part of international news in Taiwan; 2) commercial station are more vulnerable to infotainment both in news topic and news perspective than public station, and according to the “Internal Infotainment Index” developed in this study, commercial station shows a higher degree of infotainment than public station; 3) news material that comes from Western sources such as CNN and BBC shown less degree of infotainment than news material that comes from non-Western sources or original news; 4) news of developed countries and developing countries have higher degree of infotainment than less developed countries; 5) visual package such as background music and animation are not often employ in international news in Taiwan. This study also concluded that international news in Taiwan emphasizes in foreign event. The usage of map and influence as linkage of domestic audience and international news are rare. This study also found that both stations are more likely to refer to or cite local celebrities and professionals to emphasis the importance of certain international affairs; however public station is stress more on voice of local public than the commercial station in international news.

The main aim of the master thesis Transformations of the evening news Události and regional news of ČT since 2007 to 2012 was to introduce news in context of normative theories, television news in context of Czech Republic, their development and current conditions. Theoretical frame of the thesis was political economy of communication, outlining the background of news production, and contributing to understand news issues. Essential part of the thesis was the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis used as a tool for examining news objectivity at evening and regional news of public television Česká televize since 2007 to 2012, its development and differences between evening and regional news. Objectivity was researched through relevance and uncovering bias by visual balance and neutral presentation. It was found that evening news Události dedicate most of the time to foreign, occasional and political events, 35 % of news showed elements of siding, for example by dramatization, possible reality distortion and using expressive expressions. In terms of regional Brno's news Události v regionech it was found that the highest relevance was assigned to points of interest news and local news, 17 % of news showed elements of siding using mostly evaluative expressions. In case of evening news...

[pt] O grafismo televisual brasileiro é reconhecido como uma importante tendência nas artes visuais. O design gráfico para telejornalismo, no entanto, apresenta uma especificidade. Ele deve considerar os mesmos compromissos com a ética e a veracidade da informação buscadas no texto jornalístico. O selo é o produto gráfico que melhor retrata a vinculação entre informação e estética. Ele é constituído por uma composição de elementos gráficos, colocada ao lado do apresentador ou âncora, com o objetivo de reforçar ou complementar o assunto que está sendo tratado. Nessa pesquisa foram selecionadas aproximadamente quatrocentas imagens de selos do Jornal Nacional, exibidas entre os anos de 1983 e 2002. Na análise do material obtido, identificamos cinco estilos gráficos, relacionados às técnicas empregadas na produção e exibição dos selos. A presente dissertação também avalia os selos como interpretações sintéticas de fenômenos sociais marcantes, além da trajetória estética e tecnológica. / [en] Brazilian graphic design for television is recognized as an important tendency in visual arts. The graphic design made for TV news is, however, very specific. It has to accomplish the same commitment to ethics and truthfulness that belongs to text journalism. The over-the-shoulder is a graphic product that best represents the connection between information and esthetics. It is a composition of graphic elements, placed beside the presenter or anchor, aiming to reinforce or complement the subject that is resented. In this research, four hundred images of Jornal Nacional`s over-the-shoulder images, exhibited between 1983 and 2002, were selected. In the analysis, five esthetic styles were identified, establishing a relationship with the techniques employed in production and exhibition of the over-the- shoulders. The present dissertation also studies the over- the-shoulder as a synthetic interpretation of social phenomenon.

Ce tapuscrit est une contribution à la recherche sur la communication politique concernant les sujets environnementaux en France. Nous nous focalisons dans notre étude sur le cas du « Grenelle de l’environnement » annoncé par Nicolas Sarkozy en 2007. Il nous semble intéressant de dégager deux grands axes dans cette recherche. La première concerne la stratégie de l’action publique du gouvernement, en s’interrogeant sur la méthode du Grenelle et sur les raisons qui ont abouti à l’organiser, et le second est l’axe médiatique où nous nous interrogeons sur la relation entre les deux champs médiatique et politique. Cela conduit à approfondir notre étude en cherchant les raisons pour lesquelles les journalistes se sont intéressé au GDE, et analyser la couverture médiatique du Grenelle. Pour tester nos hypothèses la recherche s’est fondée sur un certain nombre d’investigations empiriques. / This typescript contributes to research in political communication concerning environmental issues in France. We focus in our study on the case of the "Grenelle de l'environnement" announced by Nicolas Sarkozy in 2007. It seems interesting to identify two main areas in this research. The first is the strategy of the government policy, investigating the method of the Grenelle and the reasons that led to its organization and the second axis is the media and our question concerns the relationship between both media and political fields. The later leads us to deeply study the reasons why the journalists were interested in the GDE, and analyze media coverage of the Grenelle. To test our hypotheses the research was based on a number of empirical investigations.

This study applied dual processing theory, the theory of working memory, and the theory of cue summation to examine how the video and audio in a television news story interact with or against each other when the story uses pull quote graphics to convey key information to viewers. Using eye-tracking, the study produced visual depictions of exactly what viewers look at on the screen when the words in the reporter's voice track match the text in the pull quote graphic verbatim, when the reporter summarizes the text in the graphic, and when the reporter's voice track ignores the text in the pull quote. The study tested the effect on recall when viewers were presented with these three story conditions—high redundancy, medium redundancy, and low redundancy, respectively. Key findings included the following: first, that stories with low redundancy resulted in lower recall and memory sensitivity scores (a measure of memory strength) than pull quotes that the reporter either summarized or read verbatim on the air. Second, it was found that neither high-redundancy nor medium-redundancy stories were superior or inferior to the other when looking at the effect on recall and memory sensitivity. And finally, in high-, medium-, and low-redundancy conditions, subjects stated that they relied more on the reporter's narration than the pull quote to get information. The study states possible implications for news producers and reporters and suggests future research in the broadcast television news industry.

This study applied dual processing theory, the theory of working memory, and the theory of cue summation to examine how the video and audio in a television news story interact with or against each other when the story uses pull quote graphics to convey key information to viewers. Using eye-tracking, the study produced visual depictions of exactly what viewers look at on the screen when the words in the reporter's voice track match the text in the pull quote graphic verbatim, when the reporter summarizes the text in the graphic, and when the reporter's voice track ignores the text in the pull quote. The study tested the effect on recall when viewers were presented with these three story conditions—high redundancy, medium redundancy, and low redundancy, respectively. Key findings included the following: first, that stories with low redundancy resulted in lower recall and memory sensitivity scores (a measure of memory strength) than pull quotes that the reporter either summarized or read verbatim on the air. Second, it was found that neither high-redundancy nor medium-redundancy stories were superior or inferior to the other when looking at the effect on recall and memory sensitivity. And finally, in high-, medium-, and low-redundancy conditions, subjects stated that they relied more on the reporter's narration than the pull quote to get information. The study states possible implications for news producers and reporters and suggests future research in the broadcast television news industry.

In this study we examine to what extent people with disability participate in television news and how they are represented. We chose to examine one broadcast per day of SVT Public Service news program Rapport and commercial channel TV4 Nyheterna (TV4 News) during one month using quantitative content analysis and qualitative discourse analysis. We found that people with disability are underrepresented in television news. In Rapport only 1,9 percent of the total broadcasting time contained people with disability and in TV4 Nyheterna 3 percent of the total broadcasting time contained people with disability. In the news people with disability were often represented as stereotypes, most commonly as victims. The focus was often on the medical aspect of the disability and on the problems that people with disability had. Through our qualitative analysis we found that television news discriminated people with disability in almost all of the news features by representing them as passive and not individuals but as representatives of the group “people with disability”.

<p>In this study we examine to what extent people with disability participate in television news and how they are represented. We chose to examine one broadcast per day of SVT Public Service news program Rapport and commercial channel TV4 Nyheterna (TV4 News) during one month using quantitative content analysis and qualitative discourse analysis.</p><p>We found that people with disability are underrepresented in television news. In Rapport only 1,9 percent of the total broadcasting time contained people with disability and in TV4 Nyheterna 3 percent of the total broadcasting time contained people with disability. In the news people with disability were often represented as stereotypes, most commonly as victims. The focus was often on the medical aspect of the disability and on the problems that people with disability had. Through our qualitative analysis we found that television news discriminated people with disability in almost all of the news features by representing them as passive and not individuals but as representatives of the group “people with disability”.</p>

Submitted by CAMILA FERNANDES null (camila@tvpreve.com.br) on 2017-12-15T18:07:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO CAMILA FINAL pdf.pdf: 968586 bytes, checksum: 3e84aa677e7420f8ed497d91ba706488 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br) on 2017-12-18T15:32:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_c_me_bauru.pdf: 968586 bytes, checksum: 3e84aa677e7420f8ed497d91ba706488 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-18T15:32:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_c_me_bauru.pdf: 968586 bytes, checksum: 3e84aa677e7420f8ed497d91ba706488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-27 / A construção da notícia, sua apuração, redação e divulgação é algo curioso ao mundo de fora dos bastidores do telejornalismo. No jornalismo televisivo, a atividade profissional vai muito além dos microfones e câmeras. Por isso o objetivo desta dissertação é revelar através das pesquisas de campo e bibliográfica, se existem responsabilidade social e o compromisso no exercício das atividades dos profissionais do telejornalismo que produzem a reportagem externa, descrevendo as atitudes, o papel social que permeia as ações diante de reportagens que expõem os problemas que inquietam os cidadãos, além de compreender os conceitos telejornalísticos e as rotinas de reportagem explorando a relação do telejornalismo regional com a sociedade. Essa abordagem deu-se através de questões sobre a afinidade que o profissional tem com a comunidade receptora e muitas vezes emissora de notícias. Qual a missão do jornalista televisivo diante dos fatos ocorridos? Que tipo de análise os profissionais da notícia fazem do seu trabalho junto à sociedade/comunidade? Analisando as entrevistas semiestruturadas, (questões pré-estabelecidas) desta pesquisa qualitativa, procurou-se interpretá-las e assim identificar a auto-imagem dos jornalistas e sua profissão. A hipótese sobre a existência de uma missão e da responsabilidade social nos bastidores do telejornalismo foi confirmada com as entrevistas realizadas com os profissionais de duas emissoras afiliadas localizadas no município de Bauru e interpretação das mesmas tendo como base as referências sobre o assunto. Este contexto é mais uma discussão importante em meio a grandes transformações no mundo da comunicação. / News construction, verification, writing and diffusion are curious things outside the backstage of TV news. In television news, this professional activity goes well beyond microphones and cameras. Therefore, this dissertation aims to reveal whether there is social responsibility and commitment of journalism professionals who produce external reports performing journalism activities through description of attitudes and the inherent social role of the actions in face of reports that expose the problems which upset citizens, as well as understand television news concepts and report routine exploring the relation with the regional TV news. This approach appeared through questions about the professional’s relation with the recipient society or community and, many times, news producer. What is the mission of television journalists before the occurred facts? What kind of analysis do news professionals do along with the society or community? Describing semi-structured interviews, (pre-conceived questions) in this qualitative research we interpreted and identified the self-image of journalists and their profession. The hypothesis about the existence of a mission and social responsibility in the backstage of television journalism was validated by interviews with professionals from two TV stations based in Bauru city. Both stations were used as references for interpretation of the subject. This context adds an important discussion amidst huge transformation in the world of communication.