<p>South Africa is reported to have the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. As a result the quality of life of families living with HIV/AIDS is negatively affected. Literature indicates that the majority of affected persons are young children and adolescents whose siblings or parents are infected with HIV/AIDS. Most affected adolescents are reported to have difficult social lives due to their parent&rsquo / s illness, difficult financial situations at home, stigma and discrimination within the society. The study attempts to explore the experiences of adolescents in households where the mother is HIV/AIDS positive. This research project is an exploratory study using a narrative approach within a qualitative methodological design. The study was conducted with 6 Xhosa-speaking adolescent boys (2) and girls (4) aged 12 to 15 years. An open-ended interview schedule was used to prompt participants to tell their stories. Data was collected by means of a voice recorder in order for adolescents to tell their stories. The responses were transcribed verbatim, translated and verified with the participants. The data were analysed by means of narrative analysis. The results indicate that most adolescent participants were coping with the mother being HIV/AIDS positive and maintained hope for their futures. Adolescents were coping due to support from friends and relatives. Some adolescents experienced rejection and discrimination. The biggest challenge in the home was due to socioeconomic status. The study is intended to benefit the community in terms of making recommendations to social workers at NGO&rsquo / s and the government sectors in terms of strengthening the existing support programmes in the community.</p>

The eyewitnessed reportage has a pronounced character of narrating. The imaginative power of the text helps the reader to empathise with the characters. That makes constructing empathy a necessary skill of reporters. But how can this be done? Despite a tradition of story telling among reporters, narratologists virtually have neglected the reportage genre. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how narrative strategies can be used in reportages and, at the same time, suggest methods for investigating those strategies. The main question is: How can empathy be constructed? Empathy is here defined as a function of presence, perspective, selection and disnarration. A screen of covert values is also added. The study applies a narratological and a media rhetorical approach to journalistic narratives, and focus is on basic discussions supported by analysis samples. Theories by Gérard Genette, Dorrit Cohn, Seymor Chatman, William C. Booth, Gerald Prince, Göran Rossholm, Bengt Nerman and others are discussed. Even though a reportage is about real events, it always represents a personal interpretation. It presents the readers with a represented reality. In a narratological model for the macro level of the reportage I identify the trait of construction as an interaction between three instances: the producer (i. e. the implied author), the narrator and the experiencing reporter. On a micro level this model helps me to explain, for example, how a homodiegetic narrator can be combined with external focalisation, and how another character than the experiencing reporter can be focalised. In the former case I examine the interplay between showing and telling relative to the narrator’s visibility. In the latter case I especially focus on a complex technique for shifting perspectives, both those concerning thoughts, like Free, Indirect Discourse (FID), and those concerning perception. At the same time I study different degrees of perspectivity.

This thesis focuses on the experiences of former UK military personnel from all three armed services re-entering the civilian workplace. There is a distinct lack of research in this area with only limited studies carried out which tend to focus on the difficult transitions or the actual mechanics of engaging with the civilian labour market. This thesis provides a unique insight into the experiences of military personnel and their journey out of the military environment and into the civilian environment. This study uses a qualitative methodology based upon an interpretive approach to gain insights into the experiences of former military personnel who left the military for a variety of reasons. The study examined the stories of a main research cohorts of 16 individuals and a second cohort of 10 individuals were engaged to further challenge theoretical saturation. The research subjects were selected using a ‘snowball’ approach and selection filtered using a specific set of criteria. Their military experiences span a range of times since discharge and a range of civilian employment since leaving. Following a review of existing literature encompassing career theory, transition theory, narrative analysis and activity theory, open interviews were conducted with participants simply asked to “tell me your story”. The transcripts of the interviews were then analysed using three analytical frames: activity theory, storytelling and perceptions of the self. The participants mainly identified tensions in their relationships with new communities, mediated by the changed social rules and divisions of labour that they encountered in their transition. Those who identified the lowest levels of tension tended to tell their stories in a heroic mode and demonstrated multiple or mixed senses of the self, whilst those who identified the highest tensions tended to tell their stories in a tragic mode and privileged their military identity above their other identities. The data suggests that some of these experience may be connected to the concept of the unquestioned organisation that was expressed by all the research cohort and the unthinking transfer of agency that occurs on joining and leaving the military.

Orientador: Célia Maria Guimarães / Banca: Renata Junqueira de Souza / Banca: Áurea Maria Paes Leme Goulart / Resumo: O presente trabalho, vinculado à linha de pesquisa 'Infância e Educação', do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da FCT/UNESP, apresenta uma pesquisa-intervenção desenvolvida no ano de 2009, em um Centro de Convivência Infantil da UNESP, com um grupo de crianças de três a quatro anos de idade e teve como objetivos investigar se os contos de fadas contribuem para o uso dos elementos da narrativa pelas crianças de três a quatro anos de idade, e se o trabalho intencional com tais instrumentos favorece a construção das narrativas infantis. Essa pesquisa originou-se da inquietação perante a tendência de os contos de Fadas que, por não serem vistos como prática que pode auxiliar no processo de construção de narrativas infantis, não serem trabalhados intencionalmente, não serem privilegiados tempo e espaço para a narrativa oral das crianças. Para realização da pesquisa foram necessários dois momentos: o primeiro chamado de "Fase da observação", realizado com a premissa de conhecer o grupo analisado e assim ser aceito por ele, visando... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research, related to the "Childhood and Education" investigation group, was developed in the Post-Graduation Program in Education of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - UNESP. It describes an interventional-research which was performed in 2009 and involved a group of three/four-year-old children enrolled in the university Day Care. The investigation aimed to reinforce, among other important proposals, the role of children education pedagogical job in enhancing children's oral narrative. Its starting point was the perception that fairy tales are neither intentionally used nor conceived as a tool in order to help children in their narrative construction process. Two steps were needed to develop the research: the first one, the observation stage, had the purpose of making the researcher familiar to the group as well as being accepted by them so the interactive moments could be observed as a support to the intervention itself. This second stage included seven meetings that always started with story telling, preceded by some explanation about the authors, and followed by the conversation time: a discussion concerning the tale by... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-29T10:56:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wellington Rodrigues Barros - 2017.pdf: 2620881 bytes, checksum: 77b7aee9141021d46748b92b8f9227c6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-29T11:54:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wellington Rodrigues Barros - 2017.pdf: 2620881 bytes, checksum: 77b7aee9141021d46748b92b8f9227c6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-29T11:54:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wellington Rodrigues Barros - 2017.pdf: 2620881 bytes, checksum: 77b7aee9141021d46748b92b8f9227c6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-19 / This dissertation studies the relation between the concept of narrative and performance based on the phenomenon of telling stories applied in three short stories of Guimarães Rosa: 'The Heppiness Margin', 'The Mirror' e 'The Third Margin of the River', form the book 'First Stories' (1988). Methodologically this work consists in a corpus referring in the performance narrative of the own author with two more performers, and with the audiovisual datas in order to reflect in the analyze and in the materialization of the narrative act. / A presente dissertação procura estudar a relação entre os conceitos de narrativa e perfomance a partir do fenômeno da contação de histórias aplicada em três contos de Guimarães Rosa: ‘As Margens da Alegria’, ‘O Espelho’ e ‘A Terceira Margem do Rio’, da obra ‘Primeiras Estórias’ (1988). Metodologicamente a pesquisa constituiu um corpus referenciado na performance narrativa do próprio autor em conjunto com outras duas performers e com registro audiovisual, de modo a refletir na análise e na materialização do ato-narrativo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Cristina Marra.pdf: 1005908 bytes, checksum: 2ebe6bc20231ff49649e9240b18da607 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-13 / The objective of the present study is to verify the telling tales as a strategy to language stimulation of children with brain paralysis and mental disabilities, in fonoaudiological practice. This study includes a review of the concepts of stories, tales, telling tales, types of narrative, language, brain paralysis and mental disabilities. It describes the telling tales attending process of 4 children, 2 male and 2 female, age from 4 to 5 years, with brain paralysis and mental disabilities, from the Fonoaudiological Mental Dificiency Outpatient of Casas Andre Luiz, during five months. These children were in the company of their mothers. The meetings were recorded and the data were analysed regarding the recorded meetings, the registered observations and the answers to the two questionaires applied to the mothers. The first one was applied in the begining of the study with questions about themselves and the second one was applied in the end of the study with questions about their children. The results showed that the stimulation of language in children with disabilities can be done using the telling tales, regarding the subjects needs. The results also show an improvement in social interactions, in attention, in memory and in vocalization. / Este estudo objetivou verificar a possibilidade de utilizar a contação de histórias como estratégia de estimulação de linguagem, de crianças com paralisia cerebral e deficiência mental, na atuação fonoaudiológica. Inclui a fundamentação desta dissertação revisão teórica sobre as concepções de histórias, fábulas, contação de histórias, narrativa presente na formação do homem, concepção de linguagem, paralisia cerebral e deficiência mental. Descreve o contexto de atendimento a quatro crianças entre 4 e 5 anos, duas do sexo feminino e duas do sexo masculino, com paralisia cerebral e deficiência mental, acompanhadas de suas mães, durante cinco meses em oito encontros quinzenais para contação de histórias, previamente adaptadas e moldadas às necessidades específicas destas crianças atendidas no setor de Fonoaudiologia do Ambulatório de Deficiência Mental das Casas André Luiz. A coleta e os registros de dados foram realizados por meio da filmagem dos encontros, com observações anotadas no momento da contação e complementados pelas respostas das mães a dois questionários, um inicial referente a elas e outro final referente aos seus filhos. A análise dos dados, realizada confrontando expectativas familiares iniciais com constatações finais e recortes de episódios dos atendimentos, mostrou que a estimulação da linguagem de crianças deficientes pode ser feita através da contação de histórias, desde que haja algumas adaptações e modificações com base nas necessidades dos sujeitos. Os resultados apontam para uma melhora na interação social, na intenção comunicativa, na atenção, memória e vocalização.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how young children’s narration of an everyday object, the meatball, is a beneficial approach to systems thinking and if something emerges that could be useful in education for sustainable development in early childhood education. In a world of complexities, our role as participants in systems encompassing food, energy and waste is neglected in favor of drawing attention to individual events. Systems thinking is about understanding complexity, a key aspect of the resilience approach to sustainable development. Research shows valuable return-on-investments from early childhood education for sustainable development, but the field lack academic attention. The research method is case studies at pre-schools based on narrative inquiry. The study creates situations where children explore their own boundaries. Findings show that humans are largely missing from the children’s social-ecological system and a difference in the approach of acknowledging uncertainty vs. imaginary explanations to phenomena surrounding a meatball. It finds that zooming out from one familiar object is a simple way to introduce systems thinking in early childhood education and that narration is a useful approach to identify knowledge gaps.

Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS) / South Africa is reported to have the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. As a result the quality of life of families living with HIV/AIDS is negatively affected. Literature indicates that the majority of affected persons are young children and adolescents whose siblings or parents are infected with HIV/AIDS. Most affected adolescents are reported to have difficult social lives due to their parent's illness, difficult financial situations at home, stigma and discrimination within the society. The study attempts to explore the experiences of adolescents in households where the mother is HIV/AIDS positive. This research project is an exploratory study using a narrative approach within a qualitative methodological design. The study was conducted with 6 Xhosa-speaking adolescent boys (2) and girls (4) aged 12 to 15 years. An open-ended interview schedule was used to prompt participants to tell their stories. Data was collected by means of a voice recorder in order for adolescents to tell their stories. The responses were transcribed verbatim, translated and verified with the participants. The data were analysed by means of narrative analysis. The results indicate that most adolescent participants were coping with the mother being HIV/AIDS positive and maintained hope for their futures. Adolescents were coping due to support from friends and relatives. Some adolescents experienced rejection and discrimination. The biggest challenge in the home was due to socioeconomic status. The study is intended to benefit the community in terms of making recommendations to social workers at NGO's and the government sectors in terms of strengthening the existing support programmes in the community. / South Africa

Qu’elle soit concrète ou symbolique, la souillure, dont témoignent certaines vieilles femmes, est le résultat d’une assignation familiale, sociale et historique. Une force de vie particulière leur a fait assumer la place de l’Autre, provoquant un phénomène d’attraction collective. Voir cette vieille femme, la sentir, la toucher, la rencontrer dans son lieu et l’écouter s’inscrit dans l’ordre des expériences initiatiques que la société de Progrès ne ritualise plus, mais que le quotidien préserve en réponse à une nécessité intime, mythique et collective. Par miroitements, ces femmes ont incarné les multiples facettes du personnage de la vieille dans la littérature orale où s’imposent l’éthique et la quête de dignité. Raconter « les affaires du pays », dans le Morvan du XXe et du XXIe siècles, en parlant patois et en évoquant avec précaution la Vieille Femme construit un îlot de résistance au récit dominant, un espace collectif de libération et en même temps un dérivatif permettant d’accepter l’Histoire. / Whether real or symbolic, the stained image displayed by some unclean old women is the result of a historic, social and family-set assignment. The singular strength of character shown by these women has placed them in the position of being perceived as 'the Other', bringing about a phenomenon of group attraction. Seeing the old woman, sensing her smell, touching her, meeting her at her home and listening to her: these are experiences like rites of passage, that modern society does not provide anymore. But these experiences are still present in our everyday life as a response to an intimate, mythical and societal need. Like a mirror, these women have embodied the multiple aspects of the ‘old woman’, as a character found in oral literature where ethics and the search for dignity are essential. Talking about "local matters", in Morvan of 20th -21st, speaking in regional language (patois) and in gentle terms about these old women so different from ourselves, creates a platform of resistance against dominant references and constitutes a collective way to feel free and a helpful diversion to be able to accept History.

This study is an investigation into the use of an African indigenous narrative game, Masekitlana, which I used as a therapeutic medium for four children, aged eight to 12 years. The participants are of Zulu origin and culture and were affected and orphaned as a result of HIV/AIDS. The game involved the participants in activities, such as hitting stones together or arranging them at will, that they felt familiar with and that enabled freer verbal expression from them. I employed a single-system research design that consisted of mixed methods approaches in the form of a qualitative thematic analysis and a quantitative graphic presentation of the results. The research design was a time series design that involved using, at four different times along the process of therapy, the measure of the Roberts-2 test (ethnic version). Therapy consisted of three sessions of standard of care therapy (therapy that was routinely being used in the psychology clinic) and three intervention therapy sessions of Masekitlana. I found the mixed-methods approach to be a practice-friendly form of research as it helped to describe the concerns of the participants in depth and enabled a concrete, quantitative conclusion about the efficacy of Masekitlana as an intervention. Syncretism of both approaches meant that qualitative data helped to clarify and confirm the findings of quantitative data and vice versa. Qualitative analysis showed how Masekitlana helped participants to express their traditional African beliefs, such as belief in the guidance of their ancestors, in the influence of bewitchment in their lives, and in the animation of the natural world. Thematic analysis also revealed the anger that participants felt resulting from the sense of disempowerment they experienced in Children’s Homes and from their separation from their biological families, and their need to sublimate this anger into future careers in the police force or alternatively to resort to crime. Thematic analysis also revealed the strategies employed by participants for coping with peer conflict in the Children’s Homes, and the challenges they face with schooling difficulties. Quantitative analysis revealed how participants progressed to complex forms of adaptive functioning and explanation of situations in their lives as a result of Masekitlana therapy. Recommendations arising out of this study are that psychologists strive to use forms of therapy that are familiar to the cultural backgrounds of indigenous children, and that training psychologists learn about the cultural beliefs of their patients and be exposed to the rituals used in traditional environments in order to understand indigenous clients. Psychologists should also be aware of the fact that, with the effects of television on children, and with present globalization and ease of international travel, children of African origin and culture are a mixture of traditional African and modern Western values. Therefore an integration of Western and indigenous forms of psychology might be considered. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted