Theoretic part is concerned with coeliac disease, its symptoms and diagnostic. There is also described basic principal of coeliac disease and are mentioned some gluten-free products available in the Czech Republic. This part is concluded by theoretic description of sensory analysis. Practical part is focused on sensory analysis of samples of gluten-free pastry according selected recipes which contain apple fibres and apple flour. The backed pastry was assessed with suitable methods of sensory analysis - in this case, a sequence preferential test. This assessment shows which sample is the most preferable and the best recipe is described in detail.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O aproveitamento integral do pedÃnculo de caju, uma matÃria prima vastamente encontrada no Cearà e pouco aproveitada, aliado a produÃÃo de etanol, produto de valor energÃtico sÃo o foco desse projeto. O suco de caju integral, rico em frutose, glicose, sais e vitaminas, mostrou-se bastante adequado para o uso da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae no processo fermentativo alcoÃlico. A busca por melhorias na obtenÃÃo de etanol se deu atravÃs do estudo do uso de leveduras imobilizadas em suporte de bagaÃo de caju (SBC). A imobilizaÃÃo celular vem sendo estudada por inÃmeros pesquisadores e tem se mostrado uma tÃcnica importante devido aos benefÃcios e vantagens possibilitados como o aumento na produtividade. O bagaÃo de caju surge como uma matÃria prima barata e de fÃcil obtenÃÃo para a aplicaÃÃo da tÃcnica de imobilizaÃÃo. Para comparaÃÃo foram estudados os resultados com cÃlulas livres e imobilizadas em alginato de cÃlcio, um conhecido agente de imobilizaÃÃo de cÃlulas por encapsulamento e cÃlulas imobilizadas por adsorÃÃo em bagaÃo de caju. Utilizando cÃlulas imobilizadas em bagaÃo foram realizadas fermentaÃÃes preliminares, consecutivas e de estocagem. Foram verificados os seguintes parÃmetros cinÃticos: produtividade (Qp, g.L-1h-1), eficiÃncia (Ef, %), conversÃo substrato/biomassa (Yx/s, g.g-1) e conversÃo substrato/produto (Yp/s, g.g-1). O suporte de bagaÃo de caju atingiu vantagens com relaÃÃo a adesÃo e altas densidades celulares, gerando elevadas produtividades (≈ 5 g.L-1h-1). Com relaÃÃo a eficiÃncia e a taxa de conversÃo substrato/produto, cÃlulas imobilizadas atingiram valores similares aos obtidos com cÃlulas livres no suco de caju integral (em torno de 90% e 0,47 respectivamente). Outra vantagem foi a durabilidade e possibilidade de reutilizaÃÃo do suporte tornando o processo mais econÃmico, rÃpido e eficiente. O SBC mostrou-se apto a reutilizaÃÃo por no mÃnimo 10 bateladas consecutivas e se manteve estÃvel, em geladeira, por pelo menos 6 meses / The use of cashew apple peduncle, a vast available material found in Cearà that is usually wasted, combined with production of ethanol, is the focus of this project. Cashew apple juice, rich in fructose, glucose, salts and vitamins, is an appropriate raw material for alcoholic fermentation by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The search for improvements in ethanol production in this work was achieved through the study of the use of yeast immobilized in cashew apple bagasse support, (SBC). Cell immobilization has been studied by many researchers and has been an important technique because of the possible benefits and advantages as the increase in productivity. Cashew apple bagasse is a cheap and easily accessible raw material to the application of the immobilization technique. As comparison, results with free, immobilized cells in calcium alginate, a known agent for immobilization by encapsulation, and immobilized cells by adsorption on SBC were studied. Preliminary fermentation assays using immobilized cells on SBC were performed, as well as consecutive and storage fermentations. The following kinetic parameters were checked: productivity (Qp, gL-1h-1), efficiency (Ef,%), substrate / biomass yield (Yx / s, g.g-1) and substrate / product yield (Yp / s, g.g - 1). SBC presented advantages, such as high cell densities and adhesion, generating high yields (≈ 5 g.L-1h-1). With respect to efficiency and rate of substrate / product yield, immobilized cells reached values similar to those obtained with free cells in the integral cashew apple juice (about 90% and 0.47 respectively). Another advantage is the durability and possibility of reuse of SBC making the process more economical, fast and efficient. SBC was reused for at least 10 consecutive batches and remained stable, at refrigerator, for 6 months

The rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is the most serious pest apple aphid in view of the scale of damages inflicted to the fruits by a small number of individuals. Although numerous natural enemies have been associated with D. plantaginea, they are unable to halt infestations soon enough in most commercial apple orchards obliging fruit growers to control it chemically to prevent severe economic losses. In order to reinforce the contribution of indigenous aphidophaga in regulating rosy apple aphids, the use of insectary plants selected to support two groups of specialist aphid antagonists, notably aphid parasitoids and aphidophagous monovoltine syrphids, was investigated. 1. A first step consisted in selecting appropriate plant species. The rowan tree Sorbus aucuparia L. and the common elder Sambucus nigra L. were selected for their ability to support substitute aphids for the rosy apple aphid parasitoid E. persicae Froggatt (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) and monovotine syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) respectively. 2. Next, trials were conducted to induce substitute aphid infestations on their host plants by introducing eggs of Dysaphis sorbi Kaltenbach on rowan and small colonies of Aphis sambuci L. on elder. The resulting aphid populations which developed on their respective host plants in spring proved to be exploited by the natural enemies expected, i.e. E. persicae and monovoltine syrphids of the genus Epistrophe. Besides, diapause mummies of E. persicae and diapausing last-instar Epistrophe larvac were recorded on rowan and in the elder litter respectively, indicating the successful settlement of the antagonists in the orchard environment. A complementary investigation devoted to syrphid adults indicated that females of all species recorded ovipositing on the eider shrubs, including Epistrophe spp. had consumed a large majority of apple pollen grains as a protein source required for egg maturation. 3. To comfort our choice in the two groups of aphidophaga considered, a study dedicated to their respective phenology versus the one of D. plantaginea showed that they could both potentially halt rosy apple aphid infestations by attacking the aphids while the latter still occupied the primary, fundatrix-induced rosette leaf colonies, i.e. a critical moment in rosy apple aphid control. 4. Finally, marking methods were tested to label E. persicae internally and the egg load of gravid syrphids. These trials were intended to pave the way towards future mark-release-recapture experiments aimed to evaluate the antagonists’ activity range and thus strategically position the insectary plants for optimal aphid biological control in the whole orchard. The first step of new approach in the biological control of D. plantaginea has been set with this study. Its originality lies in the induction of economically indifferent aphid infestations on selected plants introduced in the orchard to encourage well-targeted groups of specialist aphid antagonists. Further trials are still needed to validate the field efficacy of the insectary plant systems developed and evaluate their possible integration within the whole array of pest management tools in both organic and integrated apple production. / Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie animale / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The aim of this work was to present the issue of neural network, which is still, despite the fact it exist and has been applied for several years, remains quite unknown for a considerably big part of public and academical environment. The aim of the practical part was to verify via practical application if neural network are truly a better instrument of statistical analysis, than the commonly used ones, especially when the goal is to analyze and describe complex processes and relationships between them. Further aim of the work was to investigate and describe the relationships between the development of trading volumes of Apple shares and the shares of competitive companies regarding the market of smart phones such as Google, HTC, Nokia, Samsung using neural network models. The attainment of these goals was realized through a rather extensive description of neural networks theory as well as the presentation of valuable theoretical tools for avoiding the frequent barriers occurring during the practical implementation. This practical application was realized via software called R, which has widely spread lately due to its availability and a vast range of flexibility, which is provided to users. The value of this work is familiarization and the creation of an integrated knowledge within readers about the issue of neural networks and the deliverance of a proof, that neural networks are indeed a better tool compared to the commonly used ones (ARMA models, linear regression). The author of the work gained a lot of useful knowledge about neural networks, learned how to use them in practice especially in the environment of R software, by which he shifted his proficiency with the current software to a whole new level.

Digital wallets have become a trendy topic, and a popular method of paying in physical stores. The aim of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of the attitude of Swedish consumers towards digital wallets Apple Pay and Samsung Pay. With the help of semi-structured interviews and previous research, users' attitudes could be more thoroughly established and the question asked for the study was answered. Factors that influence the user's attitude are based on previous research and theory. The factors that have been identified are usability, availability and security. With the help of the semi-structured interviews, it is possible to determine that most user's attitudes to the security of the services are poor. A poorer attitude to one or more factors will make the user's attitude to the whole of the services less favorable. The results also show that respondents feel some uncertainty when it comes to loss of account information. / Digitala plånböcker har blivit ett högaktuellt ämne, och en populär metod för att betala i fysiska butiker. Syftet med studien är att få en mer djupgående förståelse för svenska konsumenters inställning gentemot digitala plånböckerna Apple Pay och Samsung Pay. Med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer och tidigare forskning har användarnas inställning kunnat fastställas grundligare och frågeställningen för studien besvarats. Faktorer som påverkar användarens inställning är baserade på tidigare forskning samt teori. De faktorer som har identifierats är användarvänlighet , tillgänglighet samt säkerhet. Med hjälp av de semistrukturerade intervjuerna går det att fastställa att de flesta användares inställning till säkerheten i tjänsterna är dåliga. En sämre inställning till en eller flera faktorer, leder till att användarens inställningen till helheten av tjänsterna blir mindre bra. Resultatet visar även att respondenterna känner en viss osäkerhet när det kommer till förlust av kontoinformation.

Associer analyse industrielle et imaginaire peut sembler audacieux. C’est la puissance de ce travail de recherche qui propose d’aborder les nouvelles institutions que sont devenus les géants du CaC40 non pas par leur pouvoir financier mais par leur puissance de penser. Une des hypothèses fortes observées après plusieurs années d’expériences professionnelles en France et à l’international dans le domaine de la recherche (Silicon Valley, Stanford University, University of Berkeley, University of California (UCLA)) et de l’industrie, est de défendre que l’industrie pense. Avant même de répondre à la mission qu’on lui attribue, soit de produire, l’industrie compose et diffuse une idéologie. Les industries « classiques » de l’imaginaire s’amplifient et se métamorphosent avec les industries high-tech du logiciel, des jeux vidéo et du web dont Apple est le parangon. Notre sujet prend alors une double dimension théorique et critique, mais aussi industrialo -technique. Ce n’est pas seulement un enjeu heuristique qui l’anime, mais le souci d’analyser un « terrain » de grande actualité et de forte visibilité. Une autre originalité de ce travail stratégique est de proposer une méthode de recherche applicable afin de questionner le monde industriel. Ce travail a permis de constituer un corpus complexe et riche ainsi que de rencontrer de multiples acteurs stratégiques de la Silicon Valley dont le co-fondateur d’Apple Steven Wozniac, Daniel Kottke premier salarié d’Apple, des professeurs californiens comme Fred Turner et des Designers-artistes afin de questionner l’entreprise la plus chère du monde, qui détient autant de richesses que des dizaines d’États. / Combining industrial and imaginary analysis may seem daring. It is the power of this research that proposes to address the new institutions that have become the giants of the CaC40 not by their financial power but by their power of thinking. One of the strong hypotheses observed after several years of professional experience in France and abroad in the field of research (Silicon Valley, Stanford University, University of California, University of California (UCLA)) and industry, is to defend that the industry thinks. Even before responding to the mission attributed to it, to produce, the industry composes and disseminates an ideology. The "classic" industries of the imaginary are amplified and metamorphosed with the high-tech industries of software, video games and the web, of which Apple is the paragon. Our subject then takes on a double dimension, theoretical and critical, but also industrialtechnical. It is not only a heuristic issue that drives it, but the desire to analyze a "terrain" of great relevance and high visibility. Another originality of this strategic work is to propose an applicable research method to question the industrial world. This work has made it possible to build a complex and rich corpus as well as to meet many strategic people in Silicon Valley including Apple co-founder Steven Wozniac, Daniel Kottke, Apple's first employee, Californian professors like Fred Turner and Designers-artists to question the most expensive company in the world, which holds as much wealth as dozens of states.

The global average screen time on smartphones reaches up to 4 hours, revealed App Annie. In recent years, there have also been increasing concerns about the problematic use of smartphones and its impact on public health, such as sleep hygiene, cognitive capacity, and mental health. According to Tristan Harris, a former Design Ethicist at Google, enabling grayscale is a possible way to reduce screen time, because it makes the smartphone less attractive. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to perform an experiment to confirm or reject the functionality of this recommendation and at the same time, through in-depth interviews with its participants, to describe how they perceive it and how it affects them.

Apple WatchTM huserar funktionaliteter inom medicinteknik. Detta är ett examensarbete inom medicinteknik som ställer frågan om hur pass bra mätningar den utför i förhållande till motsvarande medicinteknisk produkt. Smartklockan kan identifiera R-toppar i EKG mycketväl, och därigenom också förmaksflimmer. I förhållande till pulsoximeter presenteras syremättnad några procentenheter för högt och följsamheten är något stel. Apple WatchTM mäter puls bra vid högre hjärtslagsfrekvenser, men har kraftigt begränsad träffsäkerhet och sämre följsamhet vid mätningar i vila. Det kan inte styrkas att Apple WatchTM kan användas som verktyg för att ställa någon medicinsk diagnos, utifrån testerna i detta arbetet, där datamängd och urvalsgrupp samtidigt varit för liten för att kunna ge riktig statistisk signifikans. / The Apple WatchTM has functionalities related to the field of medical technology. This is a degree project in medical engineering that raises the question how adequate measurements it can acquire, in relation to a corresponding medical device. The Apple WatchTM can identify R waves in ECG very well and thereby also atrial fibrillation. In relation to pulse oximeters, oxygen saturation is given a few percentage points too high and the compliance is somewhat rigid. Apple WatchTM measures heart rate well at higher heart rates, but has severely limited accuracy and has poorer compliance when measuring at rest. The tests of this work shows that the Apple WatchTM should not be used as a tool for making any medical diagnosis, but the amount of data and test subjects were not sufficient enough to make it statistically significant.

Работа посвящена изучению иностранных ИТ-компаний на международную политику и экономику России в сфере информационных технологий, в условиях санкций и недружественных действий со стороны западных стран. Материал исследования составили сайты, в которых опубликовано статистики и аналитические статьи, интервью руководителей компаний, нормативно-правовые акты. В первой главе рассматриваются транснациональные корпорации и их влияние на политику в целом. Во второй главе описывается локализация баз персональных данных пользователей, рассматриваются проекты использования биометрии граждан на российском рынке. Третья глава является практической. В ней проводится сравнительный анализ продуктов ИТ-компаний в условиях санкций. В приложении приводится корпус проанализированных названий в виде глоссария. В ходе исследования в данной магистерской работе были проанализированы самые популярные зарубежные ИТ-компании и их продукты, а также их деятельность в условиях санкций и блокировок. Было выявлено, что самую влиятельную и объёмную группу составили транснациональные корпорации, которые охватывают все мировые, экономические рынки. Взаимодействие иностранных ИТ - компаний в российской политике. Развитие передовых технологий как нейросети, для которых осуществляется сбор персональных и биометрических данных. Также в данном исследовании наглядно видно, что эскалация отрицательной геополитики вредит всем, потому что аудитория теряет востребованные ИТ - продукты, а владельцы ИТ - продуктов теряют прибыль. Исследование данной тематики в очередной раз доказывает, насколько необходимо импортозамещение в ИТ - сфере в России, показывает потребность создавать и развивать ИТ - компании независимо от наших западных «партнёров». / The work is devoted to the study of foreign IT companies on the international politics and economy of Russia in the field of information technology, in the face of sanctions and hostile actions from Western countries. The material of the study was made up of sites that published statistics and analytical articles, interviews with company executives, and legal acts. The first chapter deals with transnational corporations and their influence on politics in general. The second chapter describes the localization of user personal data bases, discusses projects for the use of citizens' biometrics in the Russian market. The third chapter is practical. It provides a comparative analysis of the products of IT companies under sanctions. The appendix contains a corpus of analyzed titles in the form of a glossary. In the course of research in this master's work, the most popular foreign IT companies and their products, as well as their activities in the face of sanctions and blocking, were analyzed. It was revealed that the most influential and voluminous group was made up of transnational corporations, which cover all world economic markets. Interaction of foreign IT companies in Russian politics. Development of advanced technologies as neural networks for which personal and biometric data is collected. Also in this study, it is clearly seen that the escalation of negative geopolitics harms everyone, because the audience is losing demanded IT products, and the owners of IT products are losing profits. The study of this topic once again proves how necessary import substitution is in the IT sphere in Russia, shows the need to create and develop IT companies regardless of our Western "partners".

Today, movement measurements are made manually in healthcare using a goniometer. The measurements are often time-consuming and specially trained practitioners are needed, furthermore the readings are dependent on the practitioner's eye measurements. New technology has been introduced to make the same measurements using external sensors which have the disadvantage that they can be costly and space consuming. Recently, depth camera technology has introduced an alternative solution to make it more efficient for both patients and practitioners. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Apple depth camera technology can replace current technology by being able to perform motion measurements with only one Ipad/Iphone with a built-in depth camera. For this, a prototype has been developed to be able to automatically calculate medically relevant angles by filming a person. Various motion measurements have been performed and the measurement results have been analysed. Apple depth camera has high precision in the measured values. However, a larger study needs to be performed in order to be able to determine whether Apple's depth camera could replace current technology. / Idag görs rörelsemätningar manuellt i vården med hjälp av en goniometer. Mätningarna är ofta tidskrävande och kräver utbildade utövare samt är beroende av utövarens ögonmått. Det har introducerats ny teknik för att göra samma mätningar med hjälp av externa sensorer, vilket har nackdelen att de kan vara kostsamma och utrymmeskrävande. På senare tid har djupkameratekniken introducerats som en alternativ lösning för att effektivisera för både patienter och vårdpersonal. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om Apples djupkamerateknik kan ersätta nuvarande teknik genom att kunna utföra rörelsemätningar med endast en Ipad/Iphone med inbyggd djupkamera. För detta har en prototyp utvecklats för att automatiskt kunna beräkna medicinskt relevanta vinklar genom att filma en person. Olika rörelsemätningar har sedan utförts och mätresultaten har analyserats. Resultaten av analysen visar att Apples djupkamera har hög precision i mätvärdena. Dock behöver en större undersökning utföras för att kunna konstatera om Apples djupkamera helt skulle kunna ersätta nuvarande teknik.