For the first time in almost 80 years, a war has broken out in Europe. On February 24 2022 Russia invaded Ukraine. Even though this in fact is the first big scale war in Europe since the Second World War ended in 1945, Europe has been part of the consequences of war on a more common occasion.  Immigration has, in some regard, been the number one topic of the debate in both Swedish politics and media since the big refugee flows from the Syrian war started reaching Europe. It has been a heated debate. Some say that the media is framing the debate in favor of Ukrainian refugees and that the journalists in the Swedish news industry are affecting the audience to a more welcoming attitude towards Ukrainians than Syrians, through the narrative the media has created.   This study aimed to understand which narrative was used in Dagens Nyeter to describe the people fleeing each war. Our research material about Syrians consisted of articles published in Dagens Nyheter between September 2nd and October 2nd 2015 and articles about Ukrainians published between February 24th and March 24th 2022. Through agenda-setting theory, framing theory and news evaluation theory this study clarified what described the two wars and in which way the audience later got to experience and evaluate the news.  The result confirmed our original hypothesis. People fleeing the war in Ukraine are described with personalized and humbling circumstances, such as pregnant women and children. In contrast, people fleeing Syria were described as refugees and migrants, which on one hand is accurate, but doesn't affect the audience in the same way as more personalized descriptions. Moreover, the results in combination with earlier studies, show that the portraying that takes place in the media does affect how the audience later tends to create their perception of reality.

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The purpose of this study is to examine how FIFA and Amnesty portray the football World Cup in Qatar 2022 differently on their respective Twitter accounts. For context, the topic regarding Qatar being granted to host the World Cup has been a heated discussion ever since its inception in 2010 when FIFA officially announced it for the first time. Common arguments against the decision were usually about Qatar not having any prior record of a “football culture” as well as there being accusations of them buying their way into becoming a host nation. Qatar later also came under fire after sources showed evidence that the country imposed “slave-like” conditions on migrant workers building their cities and football arenas, with reports estimating 6,500 migrant worker deaths in the country since 2010. Knowing this information surrounding the World Cup 2022, this study aims to quantitatively analyse the differences in content and framings published on Twitter by FIFA, the organization running the event, and Amnesty, a non-governmental organization focused on human rights. Framing theory and agenda-setting theory were used as tools to examine 150 tweets under the time period spanning from December 2, 2010 to November 20, 2022. The findings of the analysis show dominatingly negative tweets from Amnesty regarding the World Cup, whereas FIFA have remained neutral but mostly positive. The results of the analysis also show signs of sportswashing being a contributing factor in the different framings of the World Cup between the accounts.

In this analysis of public speeches from four American presidents from the Republican party, the ways in which those presidents discuss and position American defense activities and stances are examined, to track the progression from the 1960s to the present. Presidents from one party were chosen, who presided over a period of active armed conflict or cold war. The addresses analyzed comprised public addresses to Congress or the American people. The analysis groups recurring frames--conceptually developed based on framing and agenda setting theories--into thematic categories for each president. Some frames were more salient for certain presidents than for others. Other frames were common and pervaded the presidents’ remarks to Congress and the public. America’s struggle against a faceless enemy, American military might as a guarantor of, and the importance of the United States’ commitments to its international partners were all prevailing frames which emerged in the analysis.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur Sveriges herr- och damlandslag i fotboll representerades i media under VM 2018 och VM 2023. Syftet med studien var att bidra med ökad förståelse och kunskap om hur mediegestaltningen ser ut och hur gestaltningsmönster kan variera beroende på kön och prestation. Studien använde kvalitativ textanalys och integrerade gestaltningsteori, dagordningsteori och genusteori för att analysera hur lagen porträtteras i media. Resultaten visade på skillnader i representation mellan herr- och damlandslaget. Herrlandslaget fick mer uppmärksamhet och beröm i media, medan damlandslaget ofta fick mindre positiva inslag och i stället kritik. Vid både seger och förlust blev herrarna berömda utifrån empirin medan damerna fick kritik vid både seger och förlust. Studien visade också på hur medierna kan påverka vår uppfattning av idrott och kön. Genom att välja vad som ska uppmärksammas och hur det ska gestaltas kan medierna påverka hur vi tolkar och förstår idrott och kön. Studien bidrog med insikt i hur media kan påverka vår uppfattning av idrott och kön och betonar vikten av att fortsätta undersöka och utmana ojämlikheter i mediebevakningen av idrott. Studien betonar även jämställdhet som en viktig aspekt i mediebevakningen. / This study aims to analyze the media representation of Sweden's men's and women's national football teams during the 2018 men's World Cup and 2023 women's World Cup through a qualitative content analysis of articles from two newspaper tabloids which are Aftonbladet and Expressen. By integrating the framing theory, agenda-setting theory, gender theory and representation into the analysis, themes, and patterns in how the teams were portrayed in the media were identified. The results show differences in how the men's and women's teams were depicted, as well as how victory and defeat affected media representation. The discussion focuses on methodological considerations, the relevance of the results, and suggestions for future research in the field. The media representation of Sweden's men's national football team appears to be more positive even though they did not achieve any medal in their respective tournament meanwhile Sweden's women's national football team achieved a bronze medal.

In the advancement of technology, one innovation has taken the world by storm:AI. The way media portrays various subjects might affect how they are received by society at large, therefore this study aims to understand the tone and portrayal of AI in Swedish mews media in order to see how AI is presented to the society today. To examine how AI is decipted and presented in the media, a quantitative content analysis of three Swedish newspapers, a daily, an evening, and a business newspaper, was conducted during the first quarter of 2024. The study is based on framing theory and agenda-setting theory to see how the different newspapers depict AI and wheter there are differences between them and their agendas. The theories adress how the articles depict AI where agenda-setting theory adresses genres and topics while framing theory shows how they are framed. Previous research shows that the subject needs to be further investigated as AI is an innovation that is constantly evolving. What previous research also clearly demonstrates is that AI is highlighted from a threatening perspective in other countries, which increased the importance of examining how it is portrayed in Swedish news media. The result shows that the Swedish newspapers differ from each other in their agendas and how they frame AI while som similarities are found primarily between Aftonbladet and Svenska Dagbladet, while Dagens Industri differs from the rest.

The bachelor dissertation Thin at every cost? is a discourse analysis of how the human body is portrayed in the two Swedish evening tabloid newspapers Aftonbladet and Expressen. The study aims to investigate how the ideal body is portrayed, which qualities that we associate with the ideal body and also where the focal point is.   The investigation has been conducted by the implementation of Ernesto Laclau’s and Chantal Mouffe’s discourse analysis as both a theoretical framework and analysis tool, and uses agenda-setting theory, consumerist culture and weight, health and body ideal research to form a scientific base for the analysis.   The result of the study shows that the ideal body is thin. To achieve a thin body you must exercise and diet, because being in possession of an overweight body suggests that you are lazy and lack self-control. To promote a thin body most of the researched articles uses health as a concept. To achieve a thin body you must therefore “consume” health. Body image has become a marketing tool and something to buy and sell. If you consume body image and/or health, you will often find yourself being drawn back into the “void”, because the diets and exercises that the articles use to promote weight-loss are often short-term and therefore make you as a reader have to return for another diet, i.e. you have to consume more. The articles often use a big element of control to promote the thin body, but at the same time try to use a positive language to set the tone of the article. Body shaming also occurred, and articles that dealt with the negative aspects of weight loss were also researched and reinforced that the overweight body is often a subject of course language and judgement.

Studiens syfte är bidra med kunskap om likheter och skillnader mellan diskurser kring flyktingfrågan i traditionella medier och på Twitter genom att undersöka språkanvändningen samt explicita teman utifrån diskurser i tidningarna Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet samt i tweets på Twitter. Studien vill att få kännedom om och hur de traditionella mediernas diskurser samverkar med diskurser på Twitter. För att uppnå syftet med studien bryts syftet ned i fyra frågeställningar: vilka retoriska stilfigurer används i Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet och på  Twitter utifrån den valda problematiken? Vilka manifesta och latenta budskap går att urskilja med hjälp av språket i Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet och på Twitter?  Vilka negativa respektive positiva värdeladdade ord förekommer i Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet och på Twitter? Hur kan den visade språkanvändningen diskuteras utifrån diskursteori och dagordningsteori? Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår från diskursteori och dagordningsteori samt kopplas samman med tidigare forskning i analysen. Studiens resultat visar att gestaltningen av flyktingfrågan manifesteras på olika vis genom språkanvändningen, till exempel i användningen av retoriska stilfigurer och värdeladdade ord. Twitters språkanvändning är mer dramatisk och kritik uttrycks mer explicit i jämförelse med språkanvändningen i Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet. Studien visar dock en möjlig samverkan mellan de båda medierna, då liknande teman hittades i respektive medier. Det var svårare att urskilja manifesta och latenta budskap i diskurserna på Twitter i jämförelse med diskurserna i Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet. De båda medierna subjektställer de svenska aktörerna medan flyktingar återfinns som objekt eller inte alls förekommer. Resultatet visar att det i den aktuella studien, finns en samverkan mellan dagspress och social medier. Dagspressens ämnen återfinns i diskurserna på Twitter, där Twitteranvändare tycker något om ämnet dagspressen tar upp. / The purpose of this study is to contribute to knowledge about similarities and differences between discourses in traditional- and social media concerning the refugee issue. Furthermore the purpose will be answered by exploring and compare the use of language and explicit themes in the discourses, in two of Swedens largest newspapers: Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet, aswell as selected top-tweets on Twitter. The intention of the study is to receive understanding if and how the discourses in traditional media are reciprocating with the discourses on Twitter. To fufill the purpose of this study, four framing questions will be answered: which rhetorical stylistic figures are used in Dagens Nyheter, Svenska dagbladet and on Twitter? Which explicit and implicit messages can be discovered with help from the used language in the discourses in Dagens nyheter, Svenska dagbladet and Twitter? What negative respectively positive emotive words occurs in the newspapers and on Twitter? How can the result of the used language be discussed by Discourse theory and The agenda setting theory? The study’s theoretical framework are The agenda setting theory and Discourses theory, the theories will be connected to previous research about representation in the media in the section of analysis. The study’s result shows that the figuration of the refugee issue are displayed in different ways through the use of language, for example in the use of rhetorical stylistic figures and emotionally charged words. The used language on Twitter contains more explicit negative and dramatically charged words compared to discourses in Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. However the study indicated a cooperation between the traditional- and social media, due to similar themes that were discovered. Nevertheless, it was more difficult to distinguish the explicit and implicit messages in the discourses on Twitter compared to Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. The subjects in the newspapers where rediscovered on Twitter, where users consider something about the subject which shows some tendencies of collaboration between the newspapers and social media.

The 15th of March 2019, the city of Christchurch in New Zealand was exposed to two mosque attacks that left at least 50 people killed and many people wounded. The attacks were described as a terrorist attack performed by a 28-year-old Australian man with right-wing extremist views. The two mosque attacks were broadcast live by the perpetrator on his social media accounts. By using a qualitative text analysis, the author has studied the reports of the attacks of three news channels, CNN, RT English and al- Jazeera English, with a selection of nine articles. The study has investigated the description and the framing of the mosque attacks by each news channel. With the aid of a framing analysis, the author was able to identify which frames that has occurred in the reports by CNN, RT English and al-Jazeera English. The aim of the study was to study the framing of the mosque attacks by the news channels with different culture valuations and whether there were any similarities or differences in their descriptions of the attacks. The result of the analysis could show that there were both similarities and differences in the reports of the news channels. CNN and al-Jazeera English used the affective and attributive framework and RT English used the descriptive framework in their reports of the mosque attacks.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T13:42:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Nascimento Reis.pdf: 2440991 bytes, checksum: 4b6169d8366ff88df9fa1d625c3b0b5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The master thesis investigates if the newspapers Folha de S. Paulo and O Globo instrumentalized the news about the 2014 World Cup in Brazil to defend political and economic interests. The study assumes that journalism has the ability to schedule issues in the society and form public opinion. The hypothesis is that these newspapers associated their publications with the electoral interests of certain politicians. The methodology includes bibliographical research and analysis of the journalistic content referring to the headlines on the front page of the two newspapers between May and July 2014. The research is guided by the Agenda-Setting Theory, McCombs (2009) and concepts of social actors and formation of public opinion in Habermas (2012a; 2012b). Among the results, there were 427 headlines in Folha de S. Paulo and 534 in O Globo, which scheduled, almost daily, the World Cup through news, editorials, reports, columns, articles and notes. In this way, the journalistic coverage could be organized by categories: championship, organization, political issues, protests and expenses with the event, besides having been mapped the presence of political actors. Thus, the issues regarding the World Cup with a focus on politics were analyzed from the perspective of Habermas, in which Folha de S. Paulo and O Globo maintained narratives with an interest coining a negative image of president Dilma Rousseff. Also the political actors listed in the narratives expressed private, political, economic and electoral interests around the World Cup / A dissertação investiga se os jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo instrumentalizaram as notícias sobre a Copa do Mundo de 2014 no Brasil, para a defesa de interesses políticos e econômicos. O estudo parte do pressuposto de que o Jornalismo possui a capacidade de agendar temas na sociedade e formar a opinião pública. A hipótese é que os jornais associaram suas publicações aos interesses eleitorais de determinados agentes políticos. O percurso metodológico inclui pesquisa bibliográfica e análise do conteúdo jornalístico referente às chamadas de capas dos dois jornais entre os meses de maio e julho de 2014. Para fundamentação teórica, a pesquisa é guiada pela Teoria do Agendamento, McCombs (2009) e conceitos de atores sociais e formação da opinião pública em Habermas (2012a; 2012b) Entre os resultados, foram encontradas 427 chamadas de capa na Folha de S. Paulo e 534 no O Globo, os quais agendaram, quase que diariamente, a Copa por meio de notícias, editoriais, reportagens, colunas, artigos e notas. Deste modo, a cobertura jornalística pôde ser organizada por categorias: campeonato, organização, questões políticas, protestos e gastos com o evento futebolístico, além de ter sido mapeada a presença de atores políticos. Assim, as matérias a respeito da Copa com enfoque na política foram analisadas na perspectiva habermasiana, na qual se verifica que a Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo mantiveram narrativas com interesse em cunhar uma imagem negativa da presidente Dilma Rousseff. Os políticos elencados nas narrativas, também, manifestaram interesses privados, políticos, econômicos e eleitorais em torno do Mundial.