Previous research that tends to digress into accusations against or advocacy for the Church of Sweden ultimately misses the mark in assessing the overall culpability of the Church for its historical relationship with nationalism. At the core of this study is the pursuit of an investigation that addresses this concern by asking the following questions: how has the Church of Sweden historically lent itself to nationalism and to what extent is the Church culpable for nationalism in Sweden? What follows is a status quaestionis, which creates a comparative analysis that functions as a means to gauge the Church’s historical and thematic contributions to Swedish nationalism and the formation of Swedish identity. Fundamental to this endeavor is a concept of broad culpability, which is consequently applied to the construction of the Church’s sacred Swedish community. This status quaestionis culminates with a discussion that connects a potential adjudication with four possible outcomes, which are based on Rogers Brubaker’s four approaches for analyzing religion and nationalism. Finally, an outcome is presented, which ultimately concludes that a formal adjudication regarding the Church’s culpability is immature without the completion of further empirical research that delves into the precise nature and spirit of nationalism in the Church as contrasted with other forms and sources of Swedish nationalism.

Sob a égide de um Direito Penal garantista, calcado, sobretudo, no respeito aos princípios constitucionais, e com o fim de coadunar o mal da pena com o cerne de todo o sistema que é a máxima da dignidade da pessoa humana, novos temas emergem da realidade social, provocando reflexões no sentido de se atualizar o Direito e seus institutos com as necessidades de uma sociedade que está cada vez mais dinâmica em suas relações. Devido à amplitude e importância de seu conceito, a culpabilidade vem sendo objeto de estudo, afinal, de acordo com a sistemática adotada pelo Código Penal brasileiro, este instituto corresponde ao cerne da Teoria do Delito. A partir dos estudos sobre a culpabilidade, surge a teoria da coculpabilidade que, por sua abrangência conceitual, hoje se considera princípio de origem constitucional. A reflexão parte da gritante desigualdade socioeconômica que se vislumbra atualmente dentro do grupo social, a qual se reforça pela omissão do Estado na efetivação das políticas públicas que possibilitam o acesso dos cidadãos aos direitos sociais, e do fato incontroverso que o meio no qual a pessoa vive condiciona a formação de sua personalidade e, consequentemente, a eleição de seus comportamentos. Atrela-se a isso o caráter seletivo que o sistema penal assume quando se verifica na realidade fenomênica sua utilização equivocada como mecanismo corretor de problemas como a incapacidade estatal de cumprir os deveres constitucionais no que atine à concreção do bem comum. A coculpabilidade, então, coloca o Estado e a sociedade para dividirem a culpabilidade pelo crime com a pessoa do delinquente, uma vez que se constate no caso concreto que esta foi privada do acesso aos seus direitos fundamentais por negligência estatal; essa divisão de responsabilidade pelo delito se dá na limitação do direito de punir. O reconhecimento do princípio da coculpabilidade como vigente no Estado Democrático de Direito apresenta-se um tanto controverso ainda na jurisprudência e na doutrina penal brasileira. Tem por objeto a presente pesquisa analisar o alcance de referido princípio e sua aptidão de atenuar ou mesmo excluir a pena, situando-o na Teoria do Delito como mecanismo eficaz para a concreção do Direito Penal mínimo. / Under the aegis of a criminal garantista law, trampled, especially in respect to constitutional principles, and consistent with the end of the of the penalty with the evil core of the whole system which is the maximum of human dignity, new themes emerge from the social reality, causing reflections in order to update the law and its institutions to the needs of a society that is increasingly dynamic in their relationship. Due to the breadth and importance of its concept, culpability has been the object of study, after all, according to the system adopted by the Brazilian Penal Code; this corresponds to the core Theory of Crime institute. Based on the studies on the guilt arises the co culpability theory which in conceptual comprehensiveness, today it is considered a constitutional principle of origin. The reflection part of whopping socioeconomic inequality that can be seen today within the social group, which is reinforced by the omission of the state in the fulfillment of public policies that enable citizens\' access to social rights, and the incontrovertible fact that the way in which a person lives affects the formation of his personality and therefore the election of their behaviors. It attaches itself to the selective character the penal system assumes that when there is in fact phenomenalistic use as mistaken a mechanism broker problems such as the inability to meet the state constitutional duties concerning the concretion of the common good. The co culpability then puts the state and society sharing culpability by crime with the person of the delinquent, since it is found in this case was deprived of access to their fundamental rights by state neglect, this division of responsibility for the crime occurs on limiting the right of punishing. The recognition of the principle of co culpability as existing in a democratic state has become somewhat controversial even in Brazilian criminal jurisprudence and doctrine. Aims at the present research to analyze the scope of this principle and its capacity to mitigate or even delete the sentence, placing it on the Theory of Crime as an effective mechanism for the concretion of minimal Criminal Law.

Disertacijoje siekiama pasiremiant tiek Rytų Europos (tame tarpe Lietuvos), tiek Vakarų Europos ir kitų valstybių baudžiamosios teisės pasiekimais, taip pat Lietuvos bei užsienio teismų praktikos analize atskleisti Lietuvos baudžiamojoje teisėje dar beveik nenagrinėtą kaltės sampratos problematiką, išanalizuoti tyčinės kaltės struktūrą ir atskirų jos elementų turinį. Disertacijos tiriamąją dalį sudaro trys dalys. Pirmojoje nagrinėjamos baudžiamosios teisės teorijoje žinomos kaltės teorijos ir prieinama išvados, kad geriausiai baudžiamosios teisės poreikius ir galiojančio baudžiamojo įstatymo nuostatas atitinka ne dabar Lietuvoje vyraujančios psichologinės kaltės teorijos, bet Vakarų Europoje dominuojanti norminė kaltės teorija. Antrojoje dalyje nagrinėjamas tyčinės kaltės intelektinis momentas: apibrėžiamas aplinkybių, kurias turi suvokti tyčia nusikalstantis kaltininkas ratas, gilinamasi į šių aplinkybių suvokimo bei numatymo ypatumus esant skirtingoms tyčios rūšims ar skirtingoms kaltės formoms ir šių ypatumų nustatymo teismų praktikoje problemas. Trečioji dalis skirta tyčinės kaltės valinio momento analizei. Atsižvelgiant į psichologinę valios sampratą bei įvertinus baudžiamosios teisės teorijoje egzistuojančias netiesioginės tyčios valinio momento aiškinimo teorija, daroma išvada, kad valinis momentas netiesioginėje tyčioje yra perteklinė kategorija. Netiesioginę tyčią nuo nusikalstamo pasitikėjimo galima atriboti vien intelektinio momento pagalba. Kita vertus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This research examines the problems of dolus in the criminal law. The Latin notion dolus includes not only what common law would call intention and knowledge, but also some cases of recklessness (so called dolus eventualis). Dissertation aims on the basis of achievements of the criminal law of Eastern, Western European and other countries comprehensively analyze the structure of dolus and its particular elements; to identify essential theoretical questions, as well as typical practical problems and to provide suggestions for the solutions of these questions and problems. The research part of the thesis consists of three parts dedicated, respectively, to problems of culpability, of the intellectual part of dolus and the volitional-dispositional part of dolus. The first part analyzes three theories of culpability: pure psychological, social – psychological and normative. It is concluded that normative theory of culpability has no significant faults, common to other theories of culpability, and it complies with provisions of the Penal Code. The second part of the research is dedicated to the analysis of the intellectual part of dolus - perpetrator’s perception of crime social wrongfulness and foresight of prohibited consequences. It reveals the scope and content of perpetrator’s perception and degree of foresight of prohibited consequences in dolus as well. In the third part of the research volitional parts of dolus directus and dolus eventualis are analyzed. It is concluded... [to full text]

Error in criminal law The aim of this thesis is a comprehensive analysis of the problems of error in criminal law, finding weaknesses in the current legislation and outline appropriate solution. By error any inconsistency of someone's imagination with reality is meant. Knowing the offender's error is a very significant for legal theory, in case of relevant criminal errors it is a very serious consequence for the subjective aspect of the crime. In the Czech criminal law, which is based on the principle of liability for fault, it is an issue, without which this concept was not complete and whose meaning would be fading away. This thesis classifies the problems of error in terms of current legislation, legal doctrine and relevant case law . The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to an explanation of the term error itself, its theoretical inclusion in the context of criminal law and explains its implications. It focuses on the concept of fault, especially its importance and its components, the two faces of it, which are intent and negligence, or on the concept of guilt. Knowing these two concepts is essential for the next orientation in the issue of errors, and indeed in criminal law at all. In the second chapter the work focuses on the historical evolution of criminal law concept of error of the...

The Question of Self-induced Insanity The aim of this thesis is to cover the question of self-induced insanity in its complexity. The thesis is divided into eleven chapters, in which this part of criminal law is analysed. The topic of criminal liability of insane offenders (even those insane due to their own conduct) represents an interesting part of criminal law. One of the main reasons is the fact that the solution to the problem of criminal liability of insane offenders can lead to the breach of one of the main principles of criminal law - the principle of culpability - on one hand, or to the failure of one of the main functions of the criminal law - the protection of society and its interest and values against the most dangerous conduct prohibited by the law - on the other. The text is concerned mainly with the current legal arrangement of self-induced insanity in the Czech Republic. The legal arrangement in effect adopted the theoretical concept of a special criminal offense and a full criminal liability for the actio libera in causa construction. These provisions deal with situations, where the offender through the voluntary application of addictive substances caused his own insanity and in this state committed an act which would constitute a crime were it not for the absence of the...

O presente trabalho aborda a relação entre a culpabilidade e a responsabilidade penal das pessoas jurídicas. A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar as construções teóricas que pretendem responder ainda que criticamente aos problemas existentes na mencionada relação, desenvolvendo (ou rejeitando) um conceito de culpabilidade (ou equivalente) da pessoa jurídica, bem como identificar meios de limitação desse modelo de responsabilidade. Para tanto, o trabalho ressalta o debate havido, na admissão da responsabilidade penal da pessoa jurídica, entre política criminal e dogmática, enfatizando a necessidade de estratégias que transcendam o individualismo, fazendo uma breve descrição da culpabilidade individual e destacando os modelos de responsabilidade das pessoas jurídicas, bem como a relação entre ação e culpabilidade. Por fim, será essencial compreender o conceito de programas de compliance e os efeitos de sua adoção nos mais variados sistemas legais existentes, para, com isso, definir critérios mínimos para uma racional aplicação dessa responsabilidade. / The presente work discusses the relation between culpability and criminal responsability of corporations. The research has as its main goal to analyze the theorical constructions that intend to give answers even criticals to the problems existent in the mentioned relation, developing (or denying) a concept of corporations culpability (or equivalent), and identify limits to this model of responsibility. In order to do so, the work brings out the debate between criminal policy and dogmatic that exists in the admission of corporations criminal responsibility, emphasizing the need for strategies that transcend individualism, doing a brief description of individual culpability and pointing out the models of corporation responsibility, as well the relation between action and culpability. Finally, it will be paramount to understand the concept of compliance programs and the effects of its adoption in legal systems throughout the world, to define minimum requiriments for a rational application of this responsibility.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as bases sistêmicas do pensamento de Günther Jakobs, fazendo o cotejo com o pensamento teórico de Niklas Luhmann, sobretudo no tocante à polêmica teoria do Inimigo. Nesse passo, após uma breve digressão sobre a teoria dos sistemas de Luhmann, analisa-se a forma como a matriz sistêmica aporta no pensamento geral de Jakobs, sendo, em sequência, desenvolvido o pensamento inicial em relação à teoria da pena. Através da ligação radical entre a função da pena e a culpabilidade, verifica-se que os conceitos de acoplamento estrutural e encerramento operativo fornecem as bases para o desenvolvimento teórico da dogmática de Jakobs, sem, contudo, serem desenvolvidos até suas últimas consequências. Por fim, ante a comparação da teoria dos sistemas com os desenvolvimentos dogmáticos, analisa-se o quanto de Luhmann há em Jakobs, e o quanto ambas as teorias se distanciam, em especial, no tocante ao Direito Penal do Inimigo. / The present work aims to analyze the systemic basis of the thought of Günther Jakobs, making comparisons with the theoretical ideas of Niklas Luhmann, particularly with regard to the controversial Enemy´s Theory. In this step, after a brief digression on Luhmanns systems theory, we analyze how the system approach brings in the general thought of Jakobs, being, in sequence, developed the initial thought in relation to the penaltys theory. Through the radical connection between the penaltys function and culpability, we noted that the concepts of structural coupling and operational closure provide the foundation for the theoretical development of Jakobs dogmatic, without, however, being developed to their ultimate consequences. Finally, the comparison of the systems theory with the dogmatics development provides the analysis of how much Luhmann is there in Jakobs, and how long both theories depart, in particular, in regards the Enemy Criminal Law

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Roversi Junior.pdf: 1014279 bytes, checksum: 364f452a57a1a7287437fcf1a41c2243 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-30 / This study aims to analyze the culpability as the delimitation factor in the first phase of the three-phase criterion for the application of criminal penalties. To this end, the culpability is considered according to its different aspects: as a constitutional principle derived from the foundation of the dignity of the human person, as an element of the delict structure and as a factor of delimitation of the penalty. Based on the historic construction of the institute, it is noted that the culpability constitutes a penalty limiting factor to be imposed when a delict is committed, not allowing to differentiate their material content as a structuring element of the delict nor as an individualization element of its punishment. This is so because, even when analyzed under the latter aspect, the penalty is also susceptible to gradation, and this extent will greatly influence the quantification of the applicable penalty, being the differentiation of those two concepts an undesirable measure which results in an enlargement of its content, allowing an expansion of the state s punishing power. Even if allocated under the diction of article 59 of the Brazilian Penal Code alongside other circumstances, culpability should be held in a prominent position, not assuming the same level of other elements, so to establish a maximum limit to the penalty and prevent other circumstances from exceeding such limitation / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a culpabilidade como fator de delimitação da pena na primeira fase do critério trifásico de sua aplicação. Para tanto, a culpabilidade é considerada de acordo com os seus diferentes aspectos: como princípio constitucional derivado do fundamento da dignidade da pessoa humana, como elemento da estrutura do delito e como fator de delimitação da pena. Diante da construção histórica do instituto, constata-se que se constitui em um fator de limitação da pena a ser imposta diante da prática de um delito, não havendo de se falar em diferenciação de seu conteúdo material quando estrutura o delito e quando funciona na individualização da pena. Isso porque, mesmo quando analisada no segundo dos aspectos mencionados, é passível de graduação e nessa medida influenciará diretamente na quantificação da pena a ser aplicada, sendo indesejável a diferenciação dos seus conceitos de maneira a alargar o seu conteúdo, permitindo uma ampliação do poder de punir estatal. Mesmo que alocada na dicção do artigo 59 do Código Penal Brasileiro ao lado de outras circunstâncias, deve ser tida em posição de destaque, não assumindo o mesmo patamar das demais, estabelecendo um limite máximo da pena, de modo que as demais circunstâncias não podem elevar a pena a patamar superior a esse limite

O presente estudo tem como objeto o modelo jurídico da reincidência, a ser analisado, na esteira da teoria tridimensional do Direito de Miguel Reale, em sua três dimensões - normativa, fática e axiológica. Serão pressupostos desta dissertação, além do tridimensionalismo concreto e dinâmico de Reale, a fenomenologia existencial de Martin Heidegger que tem o Dasein como ser fundamentalmente livre, embora desde logo situado e a criminologia crítica, a qual, embora tenha superado o labelling approach em inúmeros aspectos, manteve o interesse deste em tomar como objeto o próprio funcionamento do sistema punitivo. Na dimensão normativa do modelo será exposto o instituto jurídico da reincidência e será feito o juízo de sua adequação constitucional, mormente com relação aos princípios do ne bis in idem, proporcionalidade e, principalmente, culpabilidade. Este guiará o estudo à dimensão fática do tema, em que serão vistos os principais aspectos da prática penal, sobretudo suas características de seletividade e estigmatização, com ênfase no ponto central de todo o sistema punitivo, a pena privativa de liberdade. A seguir, a dimensão axiológica do modelo da reincidência comportará a análise dos valores que subjazem à dimensão normativa, os positivados contextualizados na teoria dos fins da pena e os latentes, embora difundidos em todo o corpo social o medo e a construção dos inimigos da sociedade. Por fim, serão unidas as três dimensões do modelo, em sua interação dialética e complementar, a fim de que este se mostre em sua plenitude. / This dissertation focuses on the legal model of recidivism, to be analyzed, based on Miguel Reales Three-dimensional Theory of Law, in its normative, factual and axiological dimensions. The hypothesis behind this work is apart from Realess concrete and dynamic three-dimensionality Martin Heideggers existential analytic according to which the Dasein is a fundamentally free being, although situated from the beginning and the New Criminology that, despite surpassing the labelling approach in several aspects, kept its focus on taking the performance of the punitive system as an object of study. In the normative dimension of the model, the recidivisms legal provision and its constitutional compatibility will be discussed, with the latter being analyzed according to the legal principles of ne bis in idem, proportionality and culpability. The principle of culpability will guide the work to the factual dimension of the object, that will underlie the study of the most important aspects of the punitive system, such as its main characteristics of selectivity and stigmatization, with emphasis on the core of the whole punitive system, the imprisonment. Then, the third dimension of the model will base the discussion of the values that support the normative dimension, the legal presented in the theory of punishment and the latent, despite widespread through the social fabric the fear and the construction of societys enemies. In the end, the three dimensions of the model will be united, in their dialectic and complementary interaction, so that the model can fully reveal itself.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Inforcatti Rodrigues.pdf: 1364558 bytes, checksum: 31653aa320729f7a06d8bff096e05782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-26 / This work has as its goal the analysis of the concepts of exigency in several theories of culpability in Brazilian law, as well as its effects in Brazilian criminal legislation (in old and current statutes) and its criticism. This work s reason is the complexity and well-known importance of crime theory, as well as the practical applications to judicial practice it may have whenever an alteration to the discussed subject occurs. This work will follow the chronological development of different theories without, however, attempting an exhaustive survey of this field nor to offer solutions to every problem posed by the examined schools of thought. To do so this work examines psychological, legalistic, results and post-results theories of culpability, as well as each of those theories effects in the concept of exigency. Brazilian legislation is also analyzed in conjunction with those theoretical hypotheses judged most correct today and finally, some brief legislative suggestions are offered / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da ideia de exigibilidade e inexigibilidade ao longo das mais diversas teorias da culpabilidade, no direito penal, bem como do reflexo de tais ideias na legislação penal pátria (diplomas antigos e atual) e sua crítica. Justifica-se o trabalho pela complexidade e conhecida importância do tema na teoria do crime, bem como pelos reflexos práticos imediatos que eventuais alterações em sua estrutura possam proporcionar à prática jurídica. O percurso teórico segue a linha histórico-cronológica, no que se relaciona às escolas e teorias referidas, sem, entretanto, a pretensão de exaurir o conhecimento sobre o assunto nem tampouco oferecer soluções a todas as correntes de pensamento apresentadas. Para tanto, perpassa o presente estudo por teorias psicológicas, normativistas, finalistas e pós-finalistas da culpabilidade, e o reflexo de cada uma delas pela ideia de exigibilidade e inexigibilidade. Posteriormente, apresenta-se a análise da legislação pátria, e, por fim, as hipóteses teóricas que se entendem mais corretas, na atualidade, concluindo com breves sugestões legislativas