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1	Tyčinė kaltė baudžiamosios teisės teorijoje ir teismų praktikoje / Dolus In Theory Of Criminal Law And Judicial Practice Bikelis, Skirmantas 11 January 2008 (has links) Disertacijoje siekiama pasiremiant tiek Rytų Europos (tame tarpe Lietuvos), tiek Vakarų Europos ir kitų valstybių baudžiamosios teisės pasiekimais, taip pat Lietuvos bei užsienio teismų praktikos analize atskleisti Lietuvos baudžiamojoje teisėje dar beveik nenagrinėtą kaltės sampratos problematiką, išanalizuoti tyčinės kaltės struktūrą ir atskirų jos elementų turinį. Disertacijos tiriamąją dalį sudaro trys dalys. Pirmojoje nagrinėjamos baudžiamosios teisės teorijoje žinomos kaltės teorijos ir prieinama išvados, kad geriausiai baudžiamosios teisės poreikius ir galiojančio baudžiamojo įstatymo nuostatas atitinka ne dabar Lietuvoje vyraujančios psichologinės kaltės teorijos, bet Vakarų Europoje dominuojanti norminė kaltės teorija. Antrojoje dalyje nagrinėjamas tyčinės kaltės intelektinis momentas: apibrėžiamas aplinkybių, kurias turi suvokti tyčia nusikalstantis kaltininkas ratas, gilinamasi į šių aplinkybių suvokimo bei numatymo ypatumus esant skirtingoms tyčios rūšims ar skirtingoms kaltės formoms ir šių ypatumų nustatymo teismų praktikoje problemas. Trečioji dalis skirta tyčinės kaltės valinio momento analizei. Atsižvelgiant į psichologinę valios sampratą bei įvertinus baudžiamosios teisės teorijoje egzistuojančias netiesioginės tyčios valinio momento aiškinimo teorija, daroma išvada, kad valinis momentas netiesioginėje tyčioje yra perteklinė kategorija. Netiesioginę tyčią nuo nusikalstamo pasitikėjimo galima atriboti vien intelektinio momento pagalba. Kita vertus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This research examines the problems of dolus in the criminal law. The Latin notion dolus includes not only what common law would call intention and knowledge, but also some cases of recklessness (so called dolus eventualis). Dissertation aims on the basis of achievements of the criminal law of Eastern, Western European and other countries comprehensively analyze the structure of dolus and its particular elements; to identify essential theoretical questions, as well as typical practical problems and to provide suggestions for the solutions of these questions and problems. The research part of the thesis consists of three parts dedicated, respectively, to problems of culpability, of the intellectual part of dolus and the volitional-dispositional part of dolus. The first part analyzes three theories of culpability: pure psychological, social – psychological and normative. It is concluded that normative theory of culpability has no significant faults, common to other theories of culpability, and it complies with provisions of the Penal Code. The second part of the research is dedicated to the analysis of the intellectual part of dolus - perpetrator’s perception of crime social wrongfulness and foresight of prohibited consequences. It reveals the scope and content of perpetrator’s perception and degree of foresight of prohibited consequences in dolus as well. In the third part of the research volitional parts of dolus directus and dolus eventualis are analyzed. It is concluded... [to full text] Law Kaltė Tiesioginė tyčia Netiesioginė tyčia Norminė kaltės teorija Culpability Dolus directus Dolus eventualis Normative concept of culpability
2	The interpretation and application of dolus eventualis in South African criminal law Awa, Linus Tambu 11 1900 (has links) An accused cannot be held criminally liable by a court until he is considered to be culpable, a process which entails establishing criminal capacity and intention (dolus) or negligence (culpa). Determining a perpetrator’s necessary intent in the form of dolus eventualis has proved to be a predicament in South African jurisprudence. This type of intent occurs when a person does not aim to cause the unlawful act, however, he subjectively foresees the likelihood that in pursuing with his conduct, the unlawful result will possibly happen, and he reconciles himself to this possibility. The problem with this form of intention, especially where the death of another is caused recklessly, is, amongst others, reservations as to whether the perpetrator’s foresight was of a real, reasonable or a remote possibility. This research examines the imperatives and rationale for preceding and current interpretations and applications of dolus eventualis and associate concepts in South African as well as in selected foreign legal frameworks in order to provide a comprehensive perspective on the subject. In this regard, the study challenges conflicting judgments on the application of dolus eventualis in domestic courts, especially as regards homicide- and putative private defence cases, amongst others. It is evidenced that in case law concerning dolus eventualis, legal rules were not properly articulated when determining this type of criminal intent. In this investigation, the legislative framework applicable to dolus eventualis under international law is also critically evaluated with the aim of facilitating the comprehension of this element in South African law. As the concept of dolus eventualis is an indispensable concept in South African criminal law, recommendations are proposed on the application and interpretation of dolus eventualis suitable to the South African landscape, which includes possible law reform. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL. D. (Criminal and Procedural Law) Actus reus Culpa Culpability Doctrine of common purpose Dolus Dolus directus Dolus eventualis Dolus indirectus Foresight Mens rea Recklessness 345.4068 Criminal intent -- South Africa Criminal liability -- South Africa Criminal law -- South Africa
3	Les conditions de la responsabilité en droit privé : éléments pour une théorie générale de la responsabilité juridique / The conditions of responsibility in private law : elements for a general theory of legal responsibility Lagoutte, Julien 16 November 2012 (has links) Alors que l’on enseigne classiquement la distinction radicale du droit pénal et de la responsabilité civile, une étude approfondie du droit positif révèle une tendance générale et profonde à la confusion des deux disciplines. Face à ce paradoxe, le juriste s’interroge : comment articuler le droit civil et le droit pénal de la responsabilité ? Pour y répondre, cette thèse suggère d’abandonner l’approche traditionnelle de la matière, consistant à la tenir pour une simple catégorie de classement des différentes branches, civile et pénale, du droit de la responsabilité. La responsabilité juridique est présentée comme une institution autonome et générale organisant la réaction du système à la perturbation anormale de l’équilibre social. Quant au droit de la responsabilité civile et au droit criminel, ils ne sont plus conçus que comme les applications techniques de cette institution en droit positif.Sur le fondement de cette approche renouvelée et par le prisme de l’étude des conditions de la responsabilité en droit privé, la thèse propose un ordonnancement technique et rationnel du droit pénal et de la responsabilité civile susceptible de fournir les principes directeurs d’une véritable théorie générale de la responsabilité juridique. En tant qu’institution générale, celle-ci engendre à la fois un concept de responsabilité, composé des exigences de dégradation d’un intérêt juridiquement protégé, d’anormalité et de causalité juridique et qui fonde la convergence du droit pénal et du droit civil, et un système de responsabilité, qui en commande les divergences et pousse le premier vers la protection de l’intérêt général et le second vers celle des victimes. / While the radical distinction between criminal law and civil liability is classically taught, a thorough survey of positive law reveals a general and profound trend towards a confusion of these two disciplines. Faced with this paradox, the jurist wonders : how to articulate the civil and criminal laws of responsibility ? To answer this question, the thesis suggests abandoning the traditional approach of the subject, which consists in treating it as a mere category of classification of the different branches, civil and criminal, of responsibility/liability. Legal responsibility is presented as an autonomous and general institution organizing the response from the system to abnormal disturbance of social equilibrium. Civil liability law and criminal law are, as far as they are concerned, henceforth conceived as the mere technical applications of this institution in positive law.On the basis of this new approach and through the prism of the study of liability conditions in private law, the thesis proposes a technical and rational organization of criminal law and civil liability that may provide the guiding principles of a real general theory of legal responsibility. As a general institution, it gives not only a concept of responsibility, requiring degradation of a legally protected interest, abnormality and legal causation, and establishing the convergence of criminal law and civil law, but also a system of responsibility, determining the divergences of them and steering the first towards the protection of general interest and the second towards the protection of victims. Anormalité Antijuridicité Bien juridique Causalité juridique Causalité Cause étrangère Cessation de l’illicite Complicité Contrainte Culpabilité Dangerosité Discernement Dol général Dol spécial Dommage Droit des obligations Droit pénal Faits justificatifs Faute simple Faute Fautes qualifiées Force majeure Illicéité Immunités de fonction Imprudence consciente Imprudence inconsciente Imputabilité Infraction impossible Infraction Intention Mobile Personnalité juridique Personnalité morale Préjudice écologique Préjudice extrapatrimonial Préjudice patrimonial Préjudice Présomptions Principe de précaution Responsabilité civile Responsabilité contractuelle Responsabilité des personnes morales Responsabilité du fait d’autrui Responsabilité du fait des choses Responsabilité du fait personnel Responsabilité extracontractuelle Responsabilité juridique Responsabilité pénale Responsabilité pour faute Responsabilité préventive Responsabilité sans faute Résultat légal Risque Tentative Troubles du voisinage Volonté Abnormality Aggravated faults Attempt Causation Cessation of illegality Civil liability Complicity Duress Contractual liability Corporate personality Crime Criminal law Criminal liability Culpability Damage Dangerousness Discernment Dolus directus Dolus specialis Ecological damage External cause Fault Fault-based liability Force majeure Functional immunities Harm Illegality Impossible crime Individual responsibility Intent Justifications Law of obligations Legal causation Legal consequences Legal personality Legal property Legal responsibility Liability of corporations Material damage Mere faults Moral damage Motive Neighbourhood disturbances Precautionary principle Presumptions Preventive responsibility Recklessness Negligence Responsibility for the actions of things Risk Strict liability Tortious liability Vicarious responsibility Wilfulness 340

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