Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miguel_AlcebiadesDiniz_D.pdf: 4665300 bytes, checksum: 4d084857831b3562c8d43b52f8d209f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Desde a Renascença, culminando nos séculos XVIII e XIX, a Ciência despontava como campo discursivo definido. A economia própria desse novo campo foi logo destrinchada na esfera do imaginário: a literatura fantástica surgia, enquanto gênero, justamente a partir da dúvida essencial entre o factível e o que parecia louca especulação. Logo, a própria Ciência alimentaria a ficção, após o colapso dos mitos tradicionais que se alimentavam das estruturas explicativas primitivas para os fenômenos da natureza (os vampiros, demônios, lobisomens, etc.). Nossa pesquisa propõe algumas formas possíveis de approach e definição do campo ficcional da ficção científica, do processo de desestabilização citado acima e também discussões sobre as formas como os discursos dos dois lados da fronteira interagem e dialogam. Para tanto, sem desprezar seus precursores, analisaremos um autor cuja imaginação e procedimento criativo - levados a cabo na última década do século XIX - persistem mesmo neste século XXI: H. G. Wells / Abstract: Since the Renaissance, culminating in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Science defined a proper and defined discursive field. The economy of this new field was very soon fleshed out in the realm of imagination: the fantastic literature emerged as a style and a literary form, just focused its attention in essential questions from among the feasible and what appeared wild speculation. Soon, the very Science will feed the fictionary, after the collapse of traditional myths that implicated in primitive but explanatory structures about the phenomena of the nature (vampires, demons, werewolves, etc.). Our research suggests some possible ways to approach and definition of the science fiction fictional field, the destabilization process cited above and also the discussion on how the discourses on both sides of the border Science/Fiction interact and dialogue. To do this, without neglecting their precursors, we analyze an author whose imagination and creative procedure - carried out at the last decade of the nineteenth century - persist even in this century: H. G. Wells / Doutorado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

Las relaciones literarias entre la cultura latinoamericana y la japonesa no han disfrutado del desarrollo que han tenido los estudios comparatistas centrados en los intercambios de Occidente con Japón. Este estudio pretende incidir en la influencia del realismo mágico literario latinoamericano en Japón a través de momentos puntuales en la escritura de K. Oé (M/T y la historia de las maravillas del bosque) y H. Murakami (Kafka en la orilla, 1Q84). A pesar de que este último autor sí ha sido analizado desde los postulados del realismo mágico, aquí discutimos sus resultados interpretativos. Más bien lo adscribimos al ámbito de la literatura fantástica, sin renunciar al análisis de sus mundos con modelos ficcionales inspirados en la física cuántica, por lo que aplicamos a sus novelas el principio de incertidumbre y las consecuencias de la no-localidad y de la dualidad 'onda-partícula'. En cuanto a K. Oé, nos aproximamos a su novela desde los presupuestos de la llamada «ética cuántica» para justificar cómo el realismo mágico coincide en ciertas intuiciones con lo descrito por la física cuántica. Desde esa perspectiva, lo inverosímil (bajo el paradigma newtoniano) se torna (en el paradigma cuántico) verosímil, y en el proceso se amplía el concepto de realismo.

Revenants, voyants, télépathes… : le personnel du fantastique est omniprésent dans l’œuvre de Jules Romains. C’est que le « pape de l’unanimisme » veut croire à l’existence d’un autre côté où la psyché règnerait en maîtresse (presque) absolue. Cette fascination pour l’extraordinaire étonne de la part d’un écrivain qui se comporte par ailleurs en apôtre de la raison. Mais cette apparente contradiction invite à proposer, plutôt qu’une appréhension théorique du fantastique comme catégorie architextuelle, une approche pratique du fantastique comme outil de l’écriture, de la pensée et de l’action. Il se trouve en effet que Jules Romains met l’extraordinaire au service de sa pensée scientifique et politique aussi bien que de son ambition littéraire. Maniant un fantastique militant, il crée un monde à la fois enthousiasmant et décevant – car la toute-puissance de la pensée finit par se retourner contre elle-même. Dès lors, l’œuvre échappe à son créateur, et devient œuvre du fantastique. Toutefois, il reste à Jules Romains cette ressource, de jouer sur et avec l’ambiguïté constitutive de cette œuvre qui lui échappe. L’âme, ainsi, joue le jeu des corps (d’où l’importance du thème pornographique dans la symphonie romainsienne) ; et, devant le spectacle d’un cosmos en guerre où l’unanimisme n’a pas sa place, il ne reste aux hommes de bonne volonté que d’adopter la logique de l’hypocrisie et d’accepter d’être en apparence les complices de la mauvaise volonté d’un univers criminel : la langue s’engage alors dans un périlleux devenir-rhétorique, se faisant par là même le lieu dynamique d’une lutte quasi désespérée contre la mort et le temps. / Ghosts, clairvoyants, telepathists… : the characters of fantastic literature are almost omnipresent in Jules Romains’ work. The « pope of unanimism » believed in the possible existence of a world where the psyche would be freed from material contingencies. Jules Romains being an apostle of reason, his fascination for the supernatural, or rather for the extraordinary, is surprising. But above all, it leads to rethink the fantastic. Rather than a theoretical apprehension of the fantastic considered as an architextual category, one could propose a practical approach of the fantastic considered as a literary, intellectual and political tool. Jules Romains uses the extraordinary as a scientific tool and as a political device, and hence he develops a committed fantastic. But the fantastic world he creates is both exciting and disappointing, because the omnipotence of thought ends up turning against itself. Therefore, Jules Romains has to play with the essential ambiguity of this work that escapes him, and that appears to be the work of the fantastic. The soul deals with the body (it explains the importance of pornography in Romains’ books), and Romains develops what one may call a hypocrisy logic. According to him, man should flee from a universe that is in the grip of war, and where there is no place for unanimism. However, the only recourse, for men of good will, is to be apparently in collusion with the criminal cosmos, to side with appearances against substance, with absence against presence. The language consequently enters into a perilous process of becoming-rhetorical, thereby metamorphosing into the dynamic locus of an almost hopeless struggle against death and time.

Esta pesquisa se debruça sobre a produção fantástica do escritor francês Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893), concentrando-se em um conto publicado pelo autor em três versões: Carta de um louco, de 1885 e O Horla, de 1886 e 1887. Para tanto, o trabalho realiza a leitura de autores representativos das principais teorias literárias acerca da literatura fantástica, identificando em cada um elementos que auxiliem na compreensão da obra de Maupassant, apontando as diferenças entre eles e, finalmente, optando por uma compreensão ampla do gênero fantástico, próxima àquela elaborada por Jean-Paul Sartre. À luz de tal compreensão, realizamos a leitura de algumas obras da contística maupassantiana, comparando-as com a de Edgar Allan Poe antecessor no gênero e referência para o autor e procurando entender a influência do pensamento positivista e cientificista na obra do autor. Ao identificar os principais traços da concepção de fantástico do próprio autor, buscamos estabelecer pontos de convergência entre seus contos realistas e fantásticos, chegando a uma forma de compreensão de sua produção fantástica que independa da presença ou sugestão de elementos sobrenaturais na narrativa. Por meio de uma articulação entre aspectos formais, temáticos e imagéticos, realizou-se então a leitura comparada das três versões do conto, dedicando especial atenção à posição do narrador em cada uma delas e à forma como a diminuição gradativa da distância estética aprofunda o sentimento de inquietante. / This research studies the production of fantastic literature by the French writer Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893), focusing on a short story published by the author in three versions: \"Letter of a madman\" (1885) and \"The Horla\" (1886, 1887). The research starts with a reading of representative authors associated to leading literary theories about fantastic literature, identifying elements that contribute to the understanding of Maupassant\'s work, indicating the differences among them and finally, selecting a comprehensive interpretation of the fantastic genre close to the one developed by Jean-Paul Sartre. In light of this interpretation, we read a selection of stories from Maupassant, comparing these works to Edgar Allan Poe\'s literature precursor of the genre and a key reference to Mauppasant , in order to understand the influence of positivist and scientism thinking on the author\'s work. By identifying the main features of Maupassant\'s own fantastic literature conception, we seek to establish points of convergence between his realistic and fantastic stories, which results in an understanding of his fantastic production that stands independently from the presence or suggestion of supernatural elements in the narrative. Building on the articulation between formal, thematic and imagery elements, a comparative reading of the three versions of the story was done, paying special attention to the narrator\'s position in each of the elements, and the manner in which the gradual decrease of the aesthetic distance deepens the feeling of disturbance.

<p>The purpose of this dissertation is to study the fantastic in the tales of the Italian children’s author Gianni Rodari. This analysis is grounded in the hypothesis that the fantastic is primarily characterized by two <i>esthetic qualities</i>, play and lightness, both of which are manifested at different levels in these texts, as well as in the relation between children and adults.</p><p>As a background for the textual analysis in the present work, an introductory review is provided of previous research, followed by a historical and theoretical consideration of fantastical children’s literature, together with a study of Rodari’s own relation to the fantastic. For previous research, the results clearly indicate an arbitrary relationship to Rodari’s texts, such that the fantastic is admittedly recognized, but is often confused with the fairy-tale. However, the present review of the history of Italian fantastical literature for children indicates that Rodari is writing in a fantastical and humorous tradition that begins with <i>Pinocchio</i>, a tradition that is <i>inter alia </i>characterized by its ability to bridge the gap between children’s and adult literature. Based on theoretical definitions of the fairy-tale (Propp, Thompson, Lüthi) and the fantastic (Todorov, Rabkin, Jackson, Held), the present work presents its own model for the study of Rodari’s texts, which are also compared with the author’s own poetics,<i> The Grammar of Fantasy.</i></p><p>A narratological analysis of a tale with both a children’s and an adult version (in itself an example of <i>crosswriting</i>) demonstrates that the fantastic and the humoristic are given freer rein when Rodari is writing for children. This appears to be linked to his concept of the child as the ideal reader, a reader primarily defined by an open and unprejudiced attitude to literature, rather than by age <i>per se</i>. The dissertation’s study of play and lightness (lack of weight) clearly confirms the hypothesis that these elements are a major component of the fantastic in Rodari’s texts; the results nevertheless indicate that play dominates on the level of language, and lightness on that of content.</p><p>One of the most important results of this dissertation is that Rodari’s texts, in addition to possessing certain stylistic characteristics, do not demonstrate any deeper similarities to fairy tales. Instead, the author’s tales share numerous characteristics with the traditional concept of the fantastic such as a clear reaction to the supernatural element, and a particular interest in both the material nature of language and existential liminal regions. At the same time, the results indicate several specific characteristics that distinguish the fantastic in Rodari from that which is written for adults, such as its explicit grounding in the child’s everyday existence and imaginative world, as well as its backgrounding of frightening aspects, with prominence instead being given to playfulness.</p>

The purpose of this dissertation is to study the fantastic in the tales of the Italian children’s author Gianni Rodari. This analysis is grounded in the hypothesis that the fantastic is primarily characterized by two esthetic qualities, play and lightness, both of which are manifested at different levels in these texts, as well as in the relation between children and adults. As a background for the textual analysis in the present work, an introductory review is provided of previous research, followed by a historical and theoretical consideration of fantastical children’s literature, together with a study of Rodari’s own relation to the fantastic. For previous research, the results clearly indicate an arbitrary relationship to Rodari’s texts, such that the fantastic is admittedly recognized, but is often confused with the fairy-tale. However, the present review of the history of Italian fantastical literature for children indicates that Rodari is writing in a fantastical and humorous tradition that begins with Pinocchio, a tradition that is inter alia characterized by its ability to bridge the gap between children’s and adult literature. Based on theoretical definitions of the fairy-tale (Propp, Thompson, Lüthi) and the fantastic (Todorov, Rabkin, Jackson, Held), the present work presents its own model for the study of Rodari’s texts, which are also compared with the author’s own poetics, The Grammar of Fantasy. A narratological analysis of a tale with both a children’s and an adult version (in itself an example of crosswriting) demonstrates that the fantastic and the humoristic are given freer rein when Rodari is writing for children. This appears to be linked to his concept of the child as the ideal reader, a reader primarily defined by an open and unprejudiced attitude to literature, rather than by age per se. The dissertation’s study of play and lightness (lack of weight) clearly confirms the hypothesis that these elements are a major component of the fantastic in Rodari’s texts; the results nevertheless indicate that play dominates on the level of language, and lightness on that of content. One of the most important results of this dissertation is that Rodari’s texts, in addition to possessing certain stylistic characteristics, do not demonstrate any deeper similarities to fairy tales. Instead, the author’s tales share numerous characteristics with the traditional concept of the fantastic such as a clear reaction to the supernatural element, and a particular interest in both the material nature of language and existential liminal regions. At the same time, the results indicate several specific characteristics that distinguish the fantastic in Rodari from that which is written for adults, such as its explicit grounding in the child’s everyday existence and imaginative world, as well as its backgrounding of frightening aspects, with prominence instead being given to playfulness.

This monograph on the œuvre of contemporary American author and multimedia artist Shelley Jackson addresses the question of how literary works employ language to evoke sense impressions. Gilles Deleuze’s notion of aesthetic percepts is drawn on to develop a theory of literary phantom sensations which is then tested on the work of Jackson and related authors.  Although imperceptible as such, it is argued that percepts are made perceptible in art in sense-specific forms as phantom sensations. “Phantom” is not meant to indicate a pale shadow of real sensations but the intensely perceived realness of phantom limb phenomena, in accordance with Deleuze’s understanding of the virtual as real but not actual. For the sake of clarity, literary phantom sensations are divided into phantom smells, tastes, touches, sights and sounds, with a chapter devoted to each in turn. It is found that different phantom sensations serve different functions in Jackson’s work, correlated to the cultural history of the senses as outlined by recent sensory scholarship.  Phantom smells are associated with Deleuze’s concept of becoming due to their liminality. Phantom tastes contribute to an aesthetics of distaste in which shades of disgust are cultivated and drawn upon for literary effect. Phantom touch creates conceptual intimacy and invites the reader to handle words like toys in a game. Phantom sight is turned back upon itself in an anatomy of the eye. Phantom hearing is associated with forms of ventriloquism in which it is unclear who is speaking through whom and in which language itself throws its voice. However, it is also found that all phantom sensations similarly serve to create a material and affective connection between the body of the reader and the body of the text. Throughout the dissertation, Jackson’s work is read against and alongside that of other writers such as Djuna Barnes, Neil Bartlett, Brigid Brophy and Leonora Carrington. Together these form a trajectory termed minor writing for queers to come, which is meant to indicate that aesthetic and sexual-political  radicalism go hand in hand.  Furthermore, Jackson’s work is described as a form of body writing informed by feminist body art and écriture féminine. Specifically, Jackson takes her cue from early modern anatomical blazons and describes living bodies in pieces.  Her work is also described as object writing: a literary equivalent to surrealist object art.  A central method for making words more like things is to arrange her texts spatially rather than temporally, as exemplified by her electronic hypertexts.

Six courts récits, qui peuvent n’en former qu’un, se penchent sur les possibilités de la voix narrative (à la troisième personne, au « je », au « nous », au « tu »). Ils réfléchissent sur l’acte de création comme construction et sur les effets de la narration. Pour preuve, le dernier texte reprend intégralement le premier. Le fantastique surgit au moment de l’hésitation du lecteur devant la nature des faits qui lui sont présentés. C’est avec les différentes instances que composent les destinateurs et les destinataires du récit que ce texte joue. La voix narrative, dans un texte fantastique, a une grande importance et doit créer une tension chez le lecteur, qui n’arrivera pas à trouver une explication pour certains aspects du récit. Le narrateur, souvent au « je », se confond avec un personnage. À l’aide de l’analyse du déroulement de l’intrigue et des procédés narratifs utilisés dans trois nouvelles : La Vénus d’Ille (Mérimée), Apparition (Maupassant), Ligeia (Poe), nous cherchons à montrer le rôle du narrateur dans le texte fantastique. / Six short stories, which can be grouped into one long story, provide different styles for the narrator: a third-person narrative, an ‘’I’’ narrative, a ‘’we’’ narrative, and a ‘’you’’ narrative. This particular text is a reflection about the act of creating as a progressive construction as well as a reflection on the effects of narration. As a concrete proof, the last part is identical to the first one, but having the whole story in mind gives the same text a different meaning. The fantastic mood emerges with the reader’s hesitation of how to interpret the facts that are presented to him. Globally, this text plays with the instances that provide a literary text and the ones that receive it. The narrative in a fantastic text is very important, and has to create tension in the reader, who will not be able to explain certain aspects of the story. Often, the plot is told in the first person, hence merging the narrator with a character, thus creating a double personality. We try to shine the light on the role of the narrator in a fantastic text by analyzing how the plot unravels and which narrative methods are used in three short stories: La Vénus d’Ille (Mérimée), Apparition (Maupassant), and Ligeia (Poe).

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-30T14:43:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLGME.pdf: 1022075 bytes, checksum: 6de4c19ba823194da5c334c44c2bff3b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-20T19:16:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLGME.pdf: 1022075 bytes, checksum: 6de4c19ba823194da5c334c44c2bff3b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-20T19:16:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLGME.pdf: 1022075 bytes, checksum: 6de4c19ba823194da5c334c44c2bff3b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T19:26:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLGME.pdf: 1022075 bytes, checksum: 6de4c19ba823194da5c334c44c2bff3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-08 / Não recebi financiamento / The goal of the dissertation is the comparison of fantastic tales of the romantic writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) and the Brazilian writer, who also produced stories of the fantastic genre, Machado de Assis (1839-1908). The predominant issue is how the two authors who lived in different eras and in different countries so diverse socioeconomically may have their supernatural works compared. To answer this disturbing question, some clues of Poean influence on the fantastic tales from the Brazilian writer were obtained, such as the celebrated translation of Poe's poem "The Raven" (1845), made by Machado (or "O Corvo", as translated by himself in 1883); it is also important to our studies to analyse the quotes in newspapers in which Machado wrote, such as o Diário do Rio de Janeiro (1866) and Gazeta de Notícias (1895), as well as the comparison between the short stories “O Espelho” (1882) and “Sem olhos” (1876), by the Brazilian writer, and “William Wilson” (1839) and “Ligeia” (1838), by Poe. / O principal objetivo da dissertação é a comparação dos contos fantásticos do escritor romântico norte-americano Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) e do escritor brasileiro Machado de Assis (1839-1908), que também produziu narrativas do gênero fantástico. A principal questão é como dois autores, que viveram em épocas diferentes e em países tão distintos, podem ter suas obras comparadas pelo viés do fantástico. Para responder a essa inquietante pergunta, existem pistas da influência poeana nos contos fantásticos do brasileiro: uma, pela célebre tradução machadiana do poema “The Raven” (1845), ou “O Corvo”, como foi traduzido por Machado, em 1883, bem como citações do norte-americano, nos jornais em que Machado publicava, como o Diário do Rio de Janeiro (1866) e a Gazeta de Notícias (1895), além da comparação dos contos “O Espelho” (1882) e “Sem olhos” (1876), para tentar provar a influência, e dois do norte-americano, “William Wilson” (1839) e “Ligeia” (1838).

La thèse étudie les caractéristiques linguistiques, philosophiques et esthétiques du langage littéraire du fou à l'époque romantique. Elle porte sur Les Élixirs du Diable (Hoffmann, 1815), La Fée aux Miettes (Nodier, 1832), le Journal d'un fou (Gogol, 1835), La Sylphide (Odoïevski, 1837) et Aurélia (Nerval, 1855). D'autres récits sont convoqués plus ponctuellement, comme Les Veilles (Bonaventura, 1804) ou Louis Lambert (Balzac, 1832). Le fou est un être problématique : il est à la fois inférieur à l'homme sain et habité par une inspiration divine. Ce paradoxe trouve une actualité nouvelle dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle. D'une part, le développement de l'aliénisme tend à définir médicalement les pathologies mentales. D'autre part, la naissance de la littérature fantastique promeut la figure de l'artiste fou. Le fou, lorsqu'il prend la parole, interroge l'écriture autobiographique et redéfinit le moi, l'espace et le temps. Son discours présente des enjeux pragmatiques : le fou cherche à démontrer qu'il n'est pas fou, face à une société qui le condamne. Il cherche également à transmettre une vérité. Sa langue sert alors à décrire les forces mythiques qui traversent le monde et, peut-être, à le recréer. La notion de création est essentielle. L'âge romantique modifie la définition de la littérature, qui perd sa fonction représentative au profit d'une fonction purement langagière. Le discours du fou participe à la fondation de cette nouvelle esthétique : il l'instaure dans un geste critique qui interroge sa légitimité. Impossible et impensable, il incarne la « parole muette » (J. Rancière) que devient la littérature moderne. / The thesis studies the linguistics, philosophy and aesthetics of literary language of the madman in the Romantic era. It focuses on The Devil's Elixirs (Hoffmann, 1815), The Crumb Fairy (Nodier, 1832), The Diary of a Madman (Gogol, 1835), The Sylph (Odoevsky, 1837) and Aurelia (Nerval, 1855). Other narratives are more promptly summoned, as The Night Watches (Bonaventura, 1804) or Louis Lambert (Balzac, 1832). The madman is a problematic being: he is both unhealthy and inhabited by a divine inspiration. This paradox finds a new relevance in the first half of the nineteenth century. On the one hand, the development of Alienism tends to define mental pathologies from a medical point of view. On the other hand, the birth of the Fantastic promotes the figure of the mad artist. The Madman, when he speaks, questions autobiographical writing and redefines the Self, Space and Time. His speech has pragmatic issues: the madman seeks to demonstrate that he is not mad, in a society which condemns him. He also endeavours to convey a truth. His language is then used to describe the mythical forces that travel the world and, perhaps, to recreate it. The notion of creation is essential. The Romantic era modifies the definition of literature, which loses its representative function in favour of a purely linguistic function. The speech of the madman takes part in the founding of new aesthetics: it creates it in a critical gesture that questions its legitimacy. Impossible and unthinkable, it embodies the "silent speech" (J. Rancière) that becomes modern literature.