匯流時代來臨，内容的流傳速度愈來愈快，資訊以即時的方式傳達到世界各地。流行音樂單曲長度大於為5分鐘，相較於其它娛樂商品，音樂本身沒有語言的隔閡，因此音樂在文化產業當中，最適合數位環境，也最容易進行全球化。從音樂產業角度來看，韓國偶像團體「Super Junior」與「少女時代（Girls’Generation）」跨越亞洲，席捲歐洲市場，可説是匯流時代的成功案例。 本研究試圖借鏡韓國音樂產業的案例，找出因應匯流時代的全球化策略與關鍵因素，提供給音樂產業者，也希望本研究能夠幫助台灣音樂產業更發揚光大。 本研究以匯流、全球化及價值鏈為基礎，藉由目前在亞洲市場令人矚目的「Super Junior」與「少女時代」的經紀公司「S. M. Entertainment」(以下簡稱S. M. )案例，去分析匯流時代所帶來的全球化策略與成功因素。主要的研究方法是藉由分析韓國學者與資深記者發表的各種相關研究論文、學術季刊、書籍、新聞、雜誌、網路、影片等，來回答本研究問題，同時也進行S. M.、韓國政府及記者的深度訪談，來彌補文獻資料所帶來的侷限。 從S. M. 的案例研究，發現S. M. 首先建立獨特的培訓系統及全球化策略Culture Technology，再長期投資内容研發與跨國合作，來提高内容的品質，也具備在全球市場上的競爭力；隨著新媒體的出現，S. M. 也積極應用各種手段，加速全球化的發展。另外，S. M. 採用OSMU（One source multi-use）方式進行事業多元化及跨產業合作，不斷發掘新的收入來源。本研究也發現台灣與韓國相似，有市場規模的限制以及有全球品牌智慧型手機的大環境；音樂產業以產製為中心，發掘能吸引全中華市場的歌手；以中國作爲目標市場等共同點。因此可考慮結合兩國的優勢為合作共識，攜手成爲亞洲最合適的合作夥伴。 / Digital convergence leads to a global transformation in entertainment industry. Comparing with films or other entertainment products, music takes the advantage of short performance time for international coverage. Also, music can overcome the language barriers and become popular in global cultural industry. In South Korea, the Super Junior and Girls' Generation are successful cases in the music industry. This study tries to analyze the reasons why these two pop idol groups can become a fashion. By reflecting the global strategies for music industry in the age of convergence, this research also tries to contribute to music industry in Taiwan. This research investigates a famous music company in South Korea, called “S. M. Entertainment”, the management company of Super Junior and Girls' Generation, examines its global strategies in the age of convergence. By interviewing S. M. Entertainment managers, the South Korea government agency and an entertainment journalist, this study gets deep interpretation for the globalization strategy of Korean music industry. Also, researcher collects secondary data by journal papers, books, newspapers, magazines, and films to triangulate the authenticity. This study comes up with a global sourcing framework for culture technology. By sourcing local talents and building a unique incubation system, S. M. Entertainment can keep a qualified talent pool. By cooperating with global music experts and investing in music content innovation, the company can reach outstanding music intelligence globally. By innovating business model, such as “One source multi-use” (OSMU), the company can discover new opportunities by cross boundary cooperation. Taiwan’s music industry is also constrained by the market scale as South Korea. However, Taiwan has competitive technology in smart phone and in other digital technology. By leveraging the advantages of S. M. Entertainment, Taiwan’s music industry may have great breakthrough in Mainland China. Also, it may be an important stage for Taiwan and South Korea to become strategic partners in Asia’s culture industry.

Musicians are cultural entrepreneurs, operating as human brands in the South African music industry. The ability to manage their brand effectively may give them an added advantage to compete successfully in this industry. This study sought to explore the integrated marketing communications (IMC) practices of South African musicians in brand promotion. Using a qualitative design, interviews were conducted with practising South African musicians to collect data. The results revealed that South African musicians use multiple marketing communications tools to promote their brands in multimedia campaigns. However, not all the elements required for integrated marketing communications were in evidence. Results from this study may be used by entrepreneurial South African musicians to create a strategy for integrated marketing communications in promoting their brand in the South African music industry and may also contribute towards the practical application of IMC within the broader field of marketing management. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

This thesis is primarily focused on collecting insights regarding rock music fan that can be applied to marketing communication. Its main aim is to describe how the rock fans are different from the major population in terms of descriptive characteristics, values, opinions and lifestyle. The points of parity and the points of difference are investigated on the level of rock sub-genres. The message, symbolism and main ideas present in rock music are examined, including historical and social context leading to the formation and development of the genre. We also tried to assign a specific archetype to rock and its sub-genres. We assume that rock fans are in some ways different from the rest of the population and that we are able to observe the differences on the level of sub-genres. However, we also expect that there are some points of parity symptomatic for all the rock genres. We suppose that artists and music marketers approach marketing communication mostly from the point of their own intuition and that they frequently use symbolism, historical references and archetypes in their way of communication. The research is comprised of three parts. First part is the analysis of secondary data from MML-TGI database by Median Research Company for year 2013. Used methodology: General analysis and cross analysis. The objective of the analysis was to determine differences between genres and subgenres in terms of descriptive characteristics, value system and verdicts about lifestyle. The next part of the research was the content analysis of notable rock album front covers for the purpose of deeper exploration of rock symbols. The last part of the research is comprised of interviews with music industry professionals who shared their opinion regarding genre characteristics, fans and marketing communication in real life.

Diploma thesis deals with the influence of technologies on the music industry in terms of music distribution. In the first part the two major issues are discussed for deeper understanding of the topic. The change of perception and creation of music over certain period of time and the development of technologies related to music in historical context. Following chapters are mainly focused on current technologies, digitalization and the internet, and global turnovers which have had impact on distribution of music as a consequence of technological spread. In addition to this, the issue of legal aspects related to sharing and downloading music via internet is described. The strategies have been created and adopted by the music industry representatives as a response to the situation of increasing intensity of infringing copyright law by unauthorized sharing and decreasing number of physical media sales. The goal of these strategies has been aimed at support expansion of online music services and raising of public copyright awareness. The work analyses and assesses above mentioned strategies and estimates the possible future development of music industry. Assumptions are created on the basis of historical background and current situation. The partial objective is to evaluate whether the sales of physical media have future as a main source of income for music industry or not.

MAAS / Department of Music

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to explore disruptive innovation and to determine whether Christensen’s latest version (2015) of the disruptive innovation theory can explain the success of multisided platforms in the music industry. Thus, we analyze three cases studies based on the theory: Napster, Spotify and Apple Music. At the end, we present our results concerning Christensen’s theory’s capability to explain the recent success stories of digital multisided platforms. Research Question - “Does the theory of disruptive innovation explain the success of Multi-sided Platforms in the music industry?” Methodology - A comparative case study with three levels of success gives us a width that we think is necessary in order to draw conclusions. Spotify is considered to be a global market leader while Apple Music is highly successful and market leader in the US. Napster, however, is not considered successful due to the legal issues it has encountered. Secondary data is used on all cases, and an in-depth literature review of the theory which supports the theoretical framework that we use to compare the cases. Findings - This research explores Christensen’s theory that is widely misinterpreted and misapplied in the recent years. Christensen’s theory is heavily built upon a technology factor that drives disruptive innovation, however, this can not explain for instance Spotify’s success, which is according to the original theory is not disruptive. We argue that business model innovation is the driver of disruption in some cases where technology is merely an enabler for business to reach disruptive effects. We would like to propose a stronger categorization of disruption types, such as “technology driven disruption” or “business model driven disruption” in order to identify disruption with different roots. / Syfte - Syftet med denna forskning är att undersöka disruptiv (omstörtande) innovation och att avgöra om Christensens senaste version (2015) av den disruptiva (omstörtande) innovationsteorin kan förklara framgången med flersidiga plattformar inom musikbranschen. Således analyserar vi tre fallstudier baserade på teorin: Napster, Spotify och Apple Music. I slutet presenterar vi våra resultat avseende Christensens teoris förmåga att förklara de senaste framgångshistorierna för digitala flersidiga plattformar. Forskningsfråga - “Förklarar teorin om disruptiv innovation framgången med flersidiga plattformar i musikbranschen?” Metodik - En jämförande fallstudie med tre nivåer av framgång ger oss den bredd som vi tycker är nödvändig för att dra slutsatser. Spotify anses vara en global marknadsledare och Apple Music är mycket framgångsrikt samt marknadsledande i USA. Napster anses emellertid inte framgångsrikt på grund av de rättsliga problem som uppstått. Sekundär data används i alla exempel, samt en djupgående litteraturöversikt av teorin som stöder den teoretiska ramverk som vi använder för att jämföra fallen. Resultat - Denna undersökning utforskar Christensens teori som är brett misstolkad och felaktig tillämpad under de senaste åren. Christensens teori bygger starkt på en teknikfaktor som driver disruptiv innovation, men detta kan inte förklara exempelvis Spotifys framgång, vilken enligt den ursprungliga teorin inte är disruptiv. Vi argumenterar för att affärsmodellinnovation driver störningar i fall där tekniken bara är en katalysator för att verksamheten når disruptiva effekter. Vi skulle vilja föreslå en starkare kategorisering av disruptionstyper, till exempel “tekniskt driven disruption” eller “affärsmodelldisruption” för att identifiera disruptioner med olika rötter.

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Denna kvalitativa studie undersöker effekten av generativ artificiell intelligens (AI) på marknadsföringsstrategier inom musikindustrin. I takt med att digitala plattformar alltmer dominerar landskapet utforskar marknadsföringsavdelningar innovativa sätt att engagera publiken, vilket gör integrationen av generativ AI avgörande. Genom intervjuer med marknadsförare inom den svenska musikindustrin belyser denna forskning den nuvarande användningen, de upplevda fördelar och utmaningar med generativ AI för att förbättra arbetsflödeseffektiviteten och marknadsföringstaktiken. Resultaten visar att även om generativ AI avsevärt effektiviserar skapandet av innehåll och interaktion med konsumenter, kvarstår oro för dess tillförlitlighet och etiska implikationer av dess användning. Studien bidrar till en djupare förståelse för generativ AI:s transformerande roll i musikmarknadsföring och erbjuder värdefulla insikter för praktiker som strävar efter att utnyttja teknologin som konkurrensfördel. / This qualitative study examines the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) on marketing strategies within the music industry. As digital platforms increasingly dominate the landscape, marketing departments are exploring innovative ways to interact with audiences, making the integration of generative AI pivotal. Through interviews with marketing professionals in the Swedish music industry, this research sheds light on the current use, perceived benefits, and challenges of generative AI in enhancing workflow efficiencies and marketing tactics. The study reveal that while generative AI significantly streamlines content creation and consumer interaction, concerns about its reliability and the ethical implications of its use persist. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the transformative role of AI in music marketing, providing valuable insights for practitioners aiming to leverage technology for competitive advantage.

This dissertation seeks to explore how the exercise of political power and the music industry impacted each other in South Africa under apartheid during the 1980s. It does so by looking firstly at the ways in which the South African government used music to promote apartheid. Secondly, it looks at the role of South African popular musicians in the struggle against apartheid in the country, specifically their role in civil society and the methods they employed to fight apartheid while avoiding censorship. It looks at key musical developments of the decade and explores their political implications, focusing on three popular genres: bubblegum (or disco), crossover and reggae. Thirdly, it explores the role of South African music and musicians in the struggle against apartheid outside South Africa. Finally, it looks at the role of music in the international anti-apartheid movement and the contribution of the international music community to the struggle. / Political Sciences / M.A. (African Politics)