The diploma thesis New services and emotion management in postindustrial society concerns about the new kind of services, which started to occupy a very important position in the most intimate and personal spheres of human life (partner life, bringing up or even giving birth to children). With the development of these services the society finds itself on the border of "commodification", when more and more realms of human life is governed by market mechanisms and things, which used to belong to personal life, are becoming just goods for us. The borders between these two areas are more permeable and that reflects upon borrowing of rhetorics and discourses across these realms. With shifting of boarders our ways of thinking, feeling and acting change. Some kind of depersonalization arises and our relationship to our own personal life and to its meaning is becoming mediated by those services and those, who provide them. With these changes individuals deal through involvement of emotion labor. In the thesis these mechanisms and their influence on feeling and acting on the personal level and formation of self are explored. Explored are also the functioning of contradictory mechanisms of decommodification, which are being involved when the logic of market goes too far and individuum begins to feel too...

<p>The present compiled dissertation explores culture jamming as a social movement in late capitalist information society. Culture jamming embraces groups and individuals practicing symbolic protest against the expansion and domination of large corporations and the logic of the market into public and private life. The central aim is to understand the meaning of culture jamming; its “model” of collective identification, and its protest and mobilizing strategies. International social movement research mostly focuses upon well established movements that are traditionally organized and directed against conventional political institutions. Studying culture jamming as a social movement therefore entails implications for social movement theory and research. For instance, concepts must be adjusted to cover emerging “individualized” forms of collective action and the effects of cyberspace on collective identification. Furthermore, attention is directed to emotions in culture jamming. It is thereby also argued that social movement research generally may have a lot to gain from incorporating emotion theory.</p><p>Data consists of texts and visuals from the organization Adbusters Media Foundation, and seven interviews with culture jammers. The groups represented in the interviews are Institute for Applied Autonomy, Reverend Billy’s Church of Stop Shopping, New York Surveillance Camera Players, Bureau of Inverse Technology, Rtmark, and the French Casseurs de Pub. The method of analysis is “abductive” qualitative text analysis inspired by hermeneutic qualitative analysis and the epistemological and ontological foundations of discourse theory and post-structuralism.</p><p>Analysis is carried out in five separate studies presented in text I-IV (previously published) and in chapter eight. Text I maps the Adbusters Media Foundation (AMF) along the lines of narrative, organization, ends, means, and strategy. Text II offers an analysis of the various nodal points in the AMF discourse and discusses the tensions inherent to the AMF effort to “hegemonize” the meaning of culture jamming. Text III offers an analysis of culture jamming as political activism from the thematic perspective of culture, place and identity, based on four of the interviews. In text IV the AMF visuals are analyzed from the perspective of emotions and social movement mobilization. Chapter eight brings together the seven interviews and the AMF material into an analysis of emotions in culture jamming.</p>

The present compiled dissertation explores culture jamming as a social movement in late capitalist information society. Culture jamming embraces groups and individuals practicing symbolic protest against the expansion and domination of large corporations and the logic of the market into public and private life. The central aim is to understand the meaning of culture jamming; its “model” of collective identification, and its protest and mobilizing strategies. International social movement research mostly focuses upon well established movements that are traditionally organized and directed against conventional political institutions. Studying culture jamming as a social movement therefore entails implications for social movement theory and research. For instance, concepts must be adjusted to cover emerging “individualized” forms of collective action and the effects of cyberspace on collective identification. Furthermore, attention is directed to emotions in culture jamming. It is thereby also argued that social movement research generally may have a lot to gain from incorporating emotion theory. Data consists of texts and visuals from the organization Adbusters Media Foundation, and seven interviews with culture jammers. The groups represented in the interviews are Institute for Applied Autonomy, Reverend Billy’s Church of Stop Shopping, New York Surveillance Camera Players, Bureau of Inverse Technology, Rtmark, and the French Casseurs de Pub. The method of analysis is “abductive” qualitative text analysis inspired by hermeneutic qualitative analysis and the epistemological and ontological foundations of discourse theory and post-structuralism. Analysis is carried out in five separate studies presented in text I-IV (previously published) and in chapter eight. Text I maps the Adbusters Media Foundation (AMF) along the lines of narrative, organization, ends, means, and strategy. Text II offers an analysis of the various nodal points in the AMF discourse and discusses the tensions inherent to the AMF effort to “hegemonize” the meaning of culture jamming. Text III offers an analysis of culture jamming as political activism from the thematic perspective of culture, place and identity, based on four of the interviews. In text IV the AMF visuals are analyzed from the perspective of emotions and social movement mobilization. Chapter eight brings together the seven interviews and the AMF material into an analysis of emotions in culture jamming.

In this dissertation, two fundamental questions are posed: (1) what is emotion, and (2) what part does it play in the social processes of self-formation and self-realization? How do we as behaving beings, who experience sensations, become interacting beings, who experience emotions? And, how are our emotional experiences related to who we are and our ability to acquire a positive relation to ourselves? By attempting to answer these questions I point out the social conditions that are necessary to enable emotional experiences, and in turn self-formation and self-realization. The focus is on the form, rather than on the content of the emotional self. From the developed neo-Meadian perspective on the emotional self, emotion is understood as a phenomenon linked to both mind and body, without being explained as a mind-body combination. It is argued that emotional experiences are (1) corporal evaluations of our interchanges with the outer world, especially, the other, and (2) crucial to who we are or want to be. An introduction to the neo-Meadian theory of the emotional self is presented in a general manner by including notions of the social self and emotion as social. In the first part of the dissertation, I suggest that diverse phenomena in the social process of self-formation and self-realization is explained by a view that has its roots in the classic social psychology of Adam Smith, Charles Horton Cooley, and, especially, George Herbert Mead. The view consists of three salient ideas: (1) the self does not emerge without the other or society, (2) it is from the point of view of the other or society that the self develops, and (3) self-realization involves a need for recognition. In the second part of the dissertation, I expand the view on emotion as social that is incorporated in the classic social psychology by investigating the recently established field of the sociology of emotions. Once the general structure of the notion of the social self and emotion as social is shown and provided with a preliminary defense, different modifications are considered. In the third part of the dissertation, both the classic social psychology and the sociology of emotions are modified to become more accurate. I elaborate on Mead’s distinction between social behavior, in the form of (1) functional identification, and social interaction, in form of (2) attitude taking of the thing from which he means that self-feeling arises, and (3) attitude taking of the other from which he means that self-reflexion arises.

This essay discusses the relationship between the employees at Swedish municipalities working at labor market units and their participants. The aim is to understand how their big room for action affects how they see their role and what this does to the help they are able to give the participants. The aim is also to give insight into how other organizations play a role in the creation of trust between the participants and the employees. This is done by breaking down the aim in two different questions: Question 1: How do the employees in labor market interventions view their service based on their room for action within the business and how does this affect their relationship with the client? Question 2: How do the employees use their room for action to help the participants orient themselves in the authority landscape? The data has been collected using a qualitative method and interviews with ten employees at four municipalities have been conducted. The theories used are aspects from the following theories: emotion sociology, professionalism and grassroots bureaucrats. The main findings are that the employees use their own personal life and personalities to make connections with the participants. They go outside of the realm of their job if they think it will help the participants and every employee makes a distinction in where to draw the line regarding what is part of their job.

Vår tids reformering inom den offentliga sektorn har genererat stora organisatoriska förändringar för den svenska socialtjänsten. Implementeringen av New public management [NPM] och en evidensbaserad praktik [EBP] har resulterat i en marknadsstyrd verksamhet med fokus på effektivitet och produktivitet. Där intentionen om att förbättra och utveckla verksamheten främst genererat ökade dokumentationskrav och fler administrativa arbetsuppgifter för den enskilde socialsekreteraren, vilket följaktligen resulterat i mindre klientnära arbete och en mer stressfylld arbetssituation. En arbetssituation som utifrån dess allvarsamma karaktär blivit ett omtalat ämne för både samhällsforskning, fackförbund och yrkesverksamma socionomer. Mot bakgrund av socialtjänstens arbetsförhållanden avser denna studie att undersöka hur socialsekreterare upplever sin arbetssituation utifrån myndighetens utmanande arbetsmiljö, etisk stress samt de motstridiga krav som förekommer i yrkesutövandet. Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ forskningsansats där vi med hjälp av Hoschilds teorier om emotioner, Karaseks krav-och kontrollmodell samt teorier om etisk stress strävat efter förståelse för socialsekreterarens komplexa yrkesutövning och arbetssituation. Empirin utgörs av kvalitativa intervjuer med socialsekreterare verksamma inom individ och familjeomsorgens myndighetsutövning och påvisar i likhet med tidigare forskning på fältet att arbetsbelastningen inom verksamheten är hög. Att de organisatoriska kraven är omfattande och att stressnivån i längden påverkar socialsekreterarens välmående och hälsa. Studien visar att socialtjänstens nuvarande arbetsmiljö bidrar till att flera engagerade socionomer söker sig bort från verksamheten för att inte riskera att drabbas av ohälsa. Empirin synliggör också att bristen på återhämtning ofta skapar en obalans mellan känslan av krav och kontroll, vilket på sikt kan leda till att socialsekreterarens etiska engagemang omvandlas till etisk stress. Genom att synliggöra myndighetsutövande socialsekreterares arbetsmiljö utifrån ett etiskt perspektiv, finns förhoppningen om att vår studie, trots sin ringa storlek, ska bidra till en ny nyans inom forskningsfältet och på så vis medverka till att yrkets etiska aspekter förändras till det bättre. / The reform of our time in the public sector has generated major organisational changes for the Swedish social services. The implementation of New public management [NPM] and an evidence-based practice [EBP] has resulted in a market-driven organisation focused mainly on efficiency and productivity. Reforms that were implemented with the intention of improving and developing the Swedish social service, but instead led to increased documentation requirements and more administrative tasks for the individual social worker, consequently resulting in less client-related work and a more stressful work situation. A working situation which, due to its serious nature, has become a topic of discussion for social research, trade unions and professional social workers. With serious shortcomings within social services regarding the working conditions of social workers, this study aims to investigate how social workers experience their work situation based on the challenging work environment due to the authorities processes, ethical stress and the conflicting demands that occur in their professional practice. The study is based on a qualitative research approach, using Hoschild's theories of emotions, Karasek's demand and control model and theories of ethical stress, we sought to understand the complex professional practice and work situation of the social worker. The empirical data consists of qualitative interviews with social workers working within personal and family counselling services and demonstrates, as previous research in the field has, that the workload within the agency is highly demanding. The organisational requirements are extensive and that the level of stress in the long term affects the well-being and health of the social worker. The study shows that the authorities lack understanding of the working environment which contributes to several engaged social workers turning away from social services so as not to risk suffering from ill health. The empirical evidence also shows that the lack of recovery often creates an imbalance between the sense of demand and control, which overall can lead to the social worker's ethical commitment being transformed into ethical stress. By making visible the working environment of social workers in public authorities from an ethical perspective, it is hoped that our study, despite its small size, will contribute to a new nuance in the research field, we hope furthermore to contribute to a change in the ethical aspects of the profession for the better.

Syftet med studien är att studera föräldrars, mamma respektive pappas emotioner och känslomässiga likheter och skillnader till unga vuxna barn med narkotikamissbruk utifrån spelfilm. Analysen består av två amerikanska spelfilmer. I studien syftar vi till droger i form av narkotika och inte alkohol. Metoden vi använt i denna studie var kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studien visade att föräldrar till missbrukande vuxna barn känner många liknande emotioner ur ett emotionssociologiskt och emotionspsykologiskt perspektiv. Däremot finns det skillnader i hur dessa emotioner synliggörs utåt och vad reaktionerna blir som resultat av emotionerna som de känner. Känslor som ofta uppstår för föräldrar till vuxna barn med missbruk är ilska, rädsla, glädje, sorg, skam och skuld. Dessa emotioner som föräldrarna känner kombineras på olika sätt vilket skildras i filmerna. Några mönster som skildras i båda filmer avseende emotioner är att ilska ofta döljer sorg, skam, skuld eller rädsla. Pappan i Beautiful Boy visar ilska tydligt utåt samtidigt som det döljer känslor av ilska, glädje, sorg, skam och skuld. Mamman i Ben is back känner också ilska men det visas inte utåt på samma sätt, utan snarare i form av sorg och illamående. Däremot döljer illamåendet en ilska som i sin tur döljer ovanstående känslor av skam, skuld, sorg eller rädsla. Andra mönster som också skildras i filmerna är att sorg döljer ilska samt att skam döljer ilska eller rädsla. I filmerna skildras att mamman och pappan känner skam över att de misslyckats som förälder. Däremot döljer denna känsla av skam, känslor som ilska och rädsla då föräldrarna är irriterade över situationen deras barn befinner sig i samt oro och rädsla för vad som kan hända och de risker som finns med missbruket. Emotioner som syns utåt ur både mamma och pappa är ilska i olika former, skuld, sorg och framförallt oro som skildras ständigt genom båda spelfilmerna. / The aim of this study was to understand how films depict how it is emotionally and also emotional similarities and differences to be a parent, mother and father of a young adult child with a narcotics addiction. The analysis is based on two American films. In this study we refer to drugs in the form of narcotics and not alcohol. The method for this study was a qualitative content analysis. The study found that parents of adult children with drug addiction feel many similar emotions from a perspective of sociology of emotions and psychology of emotions. However, there are differences in how these emotions are made visible to the outside world and what the reactions are as a result of the emotions they feel. Emotions that often arise for parents of adult children with addiction are anger, fear, joy, grief, shame and guilt. These emotions that the parents feel are combined in different ways, which is depicted in the films. Some patterns depicted in both films regarding emotions are that anger often hides grief, shame, guilt or fear. The father in Beautiful Boy clearly shows anger outwards while hiding feelings of anger, joy, grief, shame and guilt. The mother in Ben is back also feels anger but is not shown outwards in the same way, rather in the form of sadness and nausea. On the other hand, the nausea hides an anger which also hides the feelings mentioned above of shame, guilt, grief or fear. Other patterns that also are depicted in the films are that grief hides anger and that shame hides anger or fear. The films depict that the mother and father feel ashamed that they have failed as a parent, however, this feeling of shame hides feelings such as anger and fear when the parents are annoyed about the situation their sons are in, as well as worries and fears about what might happen and the risks that comes with the addiction. Emotions that are seen externally from both mum and dad are anger in various forms, guilt, grief and above all anxiety that is constantly portrayed through both feature films.

Submitted by Rafaela Moraes (rafaela.moraes@fgv.br) on 2016-08-02T18:34:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE completa.pdf: 1130341 bytes, checksum: 8c2f0bfc12b534c348d5b1e1c2609a2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafaela Moraes (rafaela.moraes@fgv.br) on 2016-08-02T18:35:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE completa.pdf: 1130341 bytes, checksum: 8c2f0bfc12b534c348d5b1e1c2609a2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafaela Moraes (rafaela.moraes@fgv.br) on 2016-08-02T18:36:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE completa.pdf: 1130341 bytes, checksum: 8c2f0bfc12b534c348d5b1e1c2609a2c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T18:36:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE completa.pdf: 1130341 bytes, checksum: 8c2f0bfc12b534c348d5b1e1c2609a2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03 / Consumer researchers from multiple tendencies had already noticed the importance of understanding the emotional phenomena associated to consumption. Emotions are key components of the human behavior and help understand the consumer behavior as well. In my thesis I present an analysis of the relationship between the feeling of shame and the meanings of consumption. Following Bagozzi, Gürhan-Canli, and Priester (2002) proposal, I had adopted an approach focused on the social basis of emotions. Although people can experience emotions privately, some emotional responses emerge from interpretations triggered by social events. In order to access the feelings experienced by the individuals during consumption I had chosen an interpretative perspective for the research. As a consequence of my epistemological option it was necessary for me to use a coherent methodological approach. The interpretative interactionism had provided a very useful resolution to the problems of analyzing the voluminous data that results in a qualitative research. The use of the interpretive interactionism was very helpful not only during the data analysis but also during the writing process. Each chapter of my thesis present a phase of the method as proposed by Denzin (1989). I could remain fully focused on the phenomenon under study because of the progressive (step-like) character of the analysis. This method made it possible to reach the perspectives of the respondents through their languages, attitudes and thoughts. I had achieved a rich and complete interpretation of the consumption experiences related to the feeling of shame. Three cases broadly represent the data retrieved and present to the reader a close examination of the elements used on the interpretation process. It was clear that the feeling of shame could influence and change the meanings of consumption of goods and services and change the consumer evaluation about it. Such clarification can be useful to marketers and researchers interested in the unpredictability of the consumer behavior. / O estudo das emoções no consumo é fundamental para a expansão do conhecimento da área de marketing. Pesquisadores de consumo de múltiplas tendências já perceberam a importância de se compreender mais profundamente os fenômenos emocionais associados ao consumo. Esta tese apresenta uma análise das relações entre o sentimento de vergonha e os significados de consumo. Utilizei uma abordagem de orientação sociológica, focada nas relações entre o indivíduo e o grupo na construção de seus sentimentos. Para poder penetrar no mundo dos sentimentos vividos pelos indivíduos, adotei uma perspectiva interpretativa para a pesquisa. Como conseqüência direta de minha opção epistemológica, foi necessária a utilização de uma abordagem metodológica capaz de alcançar os conjuntos de significados subjetivos dos indivíduos organizados dentro de um contexto social. Essencialmente, ficou demonstrado que o interacionismo interpretativo (DENZIN, 1989) ofereceu uma solução útil e consistente para os problemas de análise dos volumosos dados resultantes da abordagem qualitativa. A utilização do interacionismo interpretativo permitiu que eu permanecesse totalmente focado no fenômeno sob estudo devido às características progressivas (step-like) da análise. Além disso, a abordagem adotada tornou possível o acesso às perspectivas dos participantes através de suas linguagens, atitudes e pensamentos. Como resultado, obtive uma interpretação mais rica e completa das relações de consumo que envolvem a vergonha. Foram construídos três casos que representam de forma abrangente as entrevistas capturadas. Estes três casos ofereceram indicações suficientes para a discussão acerca dos principais pontos levantados. Ficou claro que a vergonha pode agir de maneira a constituir e modificar o significado de consumo de bens e serviços e alterar a avaliação do consumidor com relação a estes. Além disso, o estudo da vergonha pode ter conseqüências práticas para o marketing uma vez que este sentimento está relacionado ao estímulo ou desestímulo do consumo, além de surgir como resposta para algumas experiências de consumo.

This study examines how social cohesion is built through exchange of urban art. Graffiti and street art are treated like dirt and washed away. Unsanctioned art is often perceived as alien to museums and private homes. Despite this, many graffiti and street artists produce art in studios that are sold in galleries as urban art. Through ethnographic tools and site visits to homes of collectors in the United States and Sweden this study explores what it means to exchange and own urban art. Guided by Émile Durkheim’s theories on social cohesion and Georg Simmel’s writings on social boundaries, sociological implications of material things are investigated. The analysis shows that exchange of urban art produces and affirms social bonds and passionate feelings about belonging to a specific art world. Artworks in private homes symbolically represent unsanctioned art; which makes collectors feel joy, purpose, and confidence. Urban art collectors dodge discursive definitions of art in favor of nondiscursive and pragmatic boundary work. In contrast to a Bourdieusian perspective this study found that art is not as much about reproduction of social hierarchies as about making social life meaningful and connected. The results suggest further research on materiality in times of digital media.

Följande studie syftar till att undersöka behandlingspersonalens perspektiv om hur arbetet på särskilda ungdomshem (SIS-hem) för flickor ser ut i praktiken samt öka kunskapen om hur det relationsskapande arbetet fungerar inom tvångsvård. Mer specifikt kommer relationen mellan behandlingspersonalen och flickorna på SIS-hem att undersökas utifrån behandlingspersonalens perspektiv. Studien har genomförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med behandlingspersonal, som är eller har varit anställda under det senaste året på något av de SIS-hem i Sverige som tar emot flickor. Resultaten från intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av begreppet makt, Michel Foucaults teori om maktens olika former och Arlie Russell Hochschilds emotionssociologi. Studiens slutsatser belyser att fenomenet makt ständigt förekommer i relationen mellan personalen och flickorna, samtidigt som makten dessutom kommer till uttryck i alla dess olika former likväl i relationen som i det dagliga arbetet. Relationerna utgörs av kommersialiserade relationer där personalens relationsskapande arbete präglas av ett emotionellt lönearbete, där de anpassar både sina känslor och emotioner utifrån vad som anses acceptabelt utifrån de organisatoriska målen. Anledningen till att studien har genomförts är för att belysa personalens perspektiv samt bidra med andra aspekter av tvångsvård. / The following study aims to examine the treatment staff's perspective on how the work at special youth homes (SIS-homes) for girls looks like in practice and to increase knowledge of how the relationship-building work functions within compulsory care. More specifically, the relationship between the treatment staff and the girls in SIS-homes will be examined from the perspective of the treatment staff. The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with treatment staff, who are or have been employed during the past year at one of the SIS-homes in Sweden for girls. The results from the interviews have been analyzed using the concept of authority, Michel Foucault's theory of the different forms of power and Arlie Russell Hochschild's sociology of emotions. The study's conclusions highlight that the phenomenon of authority constantly occurs in the relationship between the staff and the girls, while power is also expressed in all its different forms, both in the relationship and in the daily work. The relationships consist of commercialized relationships where the staff's relationship-building work is characterized by emotional wage work, where they adjust both their feelings and emotions based on what is considered acceptable in accordance with the organizational goals. The reason why the study has been conducted is to shed light on the staff's perspective and to contribute with other aspects of compulsory care.