The aim of this thesis was the exploration of shame. Four experiments are among the very first to empirically test the validity of Tomkins' shame concept. The relation between internalized shame and memories of early interactions was examined, as well as Tomkins' concept of shame as an innate, momentary emotion. The influence of internalized shame as a personality trait on momentary shame emotion was also explored. Thirdly, how momentarily activated shame influences perception of self and others was studied. Finally, consequences of conscious versus unconscious shame activation was compared. Data from two survey studies implied that memories of ignoring and abandoning behaviors from mother are those that correlate most strongly with internalized shame. In the four experimental studies, internalized shame did not seem to influence momentary shame emotion, although two experiments implied different reactions to the praise that constituted part of the shame activating sequence depending on degree of internalized shame. Two experiments in part supported Tomkins’ notion of shame as a consequence of impeded positive emotion. However, participants with a high degree of internalized shame reacted with shame emotion to the praise feedback intended to elicit positive emotion. Therefore Tomkins’ concept of shame was successfully tested only with participants with a low degree of internalized shame. With this group, Tomkins’ conceptualization, however, received support. In addition these two experiments implied different processes for consciously versus unconsciously activated shame, since consequences for social perception and self-image following shame were reversed depending on whether the activating circumstances were conscious or not. The two subsequent experiments did not support the conclusions from the previous two, but gave some implications that shame activation, its consequences, and the effects of conscious versus unconscious activation are highly dependent on personal characteristics and social context. Taken together, data give some support to the validity of Tomkins’ shame conceptualization, but implies that it might be far too general, and that shame emotion might be primarily socially dependent.

Willa Cather contests the contemporary notion that identification links to a natural or original order. For example, that man equals masculine and femininity comes from an essential connection to woman. Cather deconstructs normativity through her use of character relationships in order to redefine successful interpersonal alliances. Thus, Alexandra, the protagonist of O Pioneers! builds a home and friendships that exemplify alternatives to stasis. My readings of O Pioneers! display the places in the novel where Cather subtly contests the ideology of naturalization. I make lesbian erotic and queer social interactions visible through a discourse on Cather’s symbolism. I favor queer theory as a mode of inquiry that magnifies the power and presence of heteronormativity and I examine Cather’s work as a critique of cultural principles that inflict violence against individuals who participate in dissent from conformity.

The research purposes of this thesis are to discuss the appropriateness of Yalom¡¦s use of the death issue in psychotherapy, and if the concept of death is different in Yalom, Heidegger and Freud. However, if we want to discuss this, we should discuss the correlation of Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy, Heidegger¡¦s philosophy and Freud¡¦s psychoanalysis of the unconscious. On the basis of these research purposes, the thesis will clarify these questions: 1. Is there any correlation of the death issue between Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy and Heidegger¡¦s ontology of being-toward-death? 2. Is there any correlation of the death issue between Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy and Freud¡¦s psychoanalysis of the unconscious? 3. After comparing these perspectives, this thesis will integrate the perspectives of death in Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy, Heidegger¡¦s ontology and Freud psychoanalysis of the unconscious to see if there is any special value in this dialogue frame. Also, what role does the death perspective play in connecting these three? This thesis hopes to better understand one of the ultimate concerns of Yalom ¡V death ¡V through the different points of view in Heidegger and Freud, and to clarify the special effectiveness and restrictions of using this concept in existential psychotherapy.

The thesis analyses the relations of psychology with literature by applying Freudian theories, and brings these relations into light in the novels of Doris Lessing, Yusuf Atilgan and D.M. Thomas. The first chapter clarifies the aim of the study and gives an overview of the relations between psychology and literature in the past and the present. It, then, provides brief background information about the theories of Freud and the relations of these theories with the themes, which are dealt with in the novels of the writers in question. The following chapters treat the novels according to the theories of Freud such as &ldquo / the Oedipus Complex, death and life instincts, unconscious, id, ego and superego&rdquo / , and therefore the thesis primarily focuses on the hidden feelings of the protagonists as well as their struggle in the twentieth century world. Through the analyses of the protagonists, the study asserts that Freud has been influential on the works of different authors in different cultures, which reinforces the idea of the universality of his psychoanalytical theories.

Vita Sackville-West's autobiographical novel The Edwardians lends itself to a double reading: both Freudian and Foucauldian. The Freudian conflict between desire and prohibition plays out in the unresolved Oedipus complex of its protagonist Sebastian, son of the Duchess of Chevron; repression drives Sebastian's behavior in all his relationships. The novel also depicts an upper-class Edwardian society incited to discourse in a Foucauldian sense--a society in which sexual gossip functions as a discourse of power. From a psychoanalytic perspective, this incitement is produced by repression, and functions as a symptom of it. The relationship between repression and incitement suggests the possibility of a theoretical rapprochement between Freud and Foucault.

No description available.

Pažimeckaitė J. Pasąmonės ir sapnų refleksijos mene. Paroda sapnų tema ,,Sitkanabal“: Audiovizualinio meno studijų bakalauro baigiamasis darbas. Vadovė asist. A.Plungienė; Šiaulių universitetas, Menų fakultetas, Audiovizualinio meno katedra. Šiauliai, 2011. 62 p. Darbe nagrinėjamos pasąmonės ir sapnų refleksijos vaizduojamame mene. Darbo tikslas remiantis teorine mokslinės literatūros ir menininkų kūrusių pasąmonės refleksijomis kūrybos analizėmis, sukurti savo sapnų vizijomis pagrįstą originalią meninę instaliaciją – parodą ,,Sitkanabal“, kuri yra kūrybinė darbo dalis. Šio tikslo siekiama teorinėje darbo dalyje nagrinėjant pasąmonės sampratą, jos pasireiškimą per meno kūrinius, įsigilinant ir aptariant įvairias sapnų teorijas, apžvelgiant lietuvos ir užsienio menininkų darbus nagrinėjama tematika, bei stebint asmeninius sapnus. / Pažimeckaitė J. Unconscious and dreams reflections in art. The exhibition by the theme of dreams - ,, Sitkanabal”: Multimedia Arts studies Bachelor of final thesis. Labour Leader assist. A. Plungienė; Šiauliai University, Faculty of Arts, Multimedia Arts Department. Šiauliai, 2011. 62 p. The object of work is to create an original art installation- an exhibition ‘Doog Thgin’ (the creative part of the work) which is created using the author’s visions of dreams with reference to the theoretical nonfiction literature and the analysis of artists’ works in which the reflection of sub-consciousness was used. This is achieved by examining the theoretical part of the concept of the unconscious, its manifestation through the works of art, analyzing and discussing various theories of dreams, reviewing the works of Lithuanian and foreign artists on the topic of an analyzing subject, also studying personal dreams.

The submitted publications address aspects of 'The Physicality of the Self from a psychoanalytic perspective and in so doing extend the remit of psychoanalytic thinking. Conscious and unconscious investment of personal meaning in physical exercise, body-oriented behaviour and physical dimensions of experience and communication is explored through presentation and discussion of clinical case examples and infant observation material. The embodied nature of our being is identified as an issue of key significance in psychoanalysis, where unconscious communication, much of which is non-verbal, is a central concern of both theory and practice. Ways of conceptualising psychosomatic disturbance are discussed, whether the disturbance emerges in physical symptoms without apparent organic underlay or in disturbed body-oriented behaviour such as eating disorders and self-injury. With regard to clinical practice, the central significance of receptivity to unconscious communication and capacity for containment (Bion 1962) is reaffirmed. The therapist's 'use of body' as part of the 'use of self Is discussed with particular reference to somatic communication in the transference - countertransference matrix. The primary context for the work is a contemporary object relations framework. The perspective on embodiment or'indwelling' developed by D. W. Winnicott and the post- Kleinian concept of 'psychic skin' are of particular Importance. The disciplines of philosophy, psychology, neuroscience and sociology constitute a secondary, broader, context and inform the discussion of changing perspectives on 'mind', 'body', 'health' and'illness'. A'continuum' model of self-care and self-harm is developed. The acronym 'cashas' is introduced to refer to 'culturally accepted self-harming acts/activities', behaviours which occupy a border area between good enough self-care and clinically relevant self-harm. Drawing on clinical material and research Involving practitioner discussion of clinical vignettes, arguments are advanced for the relevance and clinical usefulness of the 'continuum' model.

Esta pesquisa propõe um estudo da relação homem/meio, ou sociedade/natureza através da revelação dos arquétipos que influenciam tal relação. A tese buscou verificar se as interpretações que os sujeitos fazem do ambiente (relação homem e natureza) são, em sua base, arquetípicas. Tal tese se constrói baseada no conceito de inconsciente coletivo definido por Carl Gustav Jung. Assim, o trabalho objetivou sondar os arquétipos do inconsciente coletivo que formam as opiniões e interpretações da realidade externa, notadamente na interpretação do ambiente (relação homem/meio) dos moradores de Santa Maria, RS. Buscou-se trazer à superfície as imagens arquetípicas e suas respectivas mitologias que filtram as informações do mundo fenomenológico, do mundo vivido. Isso porque se acredita que, embora a maioria da civilização moderna tenha abandonado ritos e mitos ancestrais, estes continuam vivos no inconsciente humano, se processam e se projetam no ambiente. A pesquisa foi conduzida com aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o auxílio de fotografias (entrevista projetiva) da cidade de Santa Maria, RS. Os dezenove entrevistados são moradores da cidade de Santa Maria, RS, têm idade entre 21 e 69 anos, com escolaridade que variou entre ensino médio incompleto e pós-graduação e responderam à seguinte pergunta: como você vê a relação do homem com a natureza nestas imagens? Os entrevistados foram orientados a responder livremente, podendo fazer associações livres ou elaborar um discurso contextual. Também foram orientados a mencionar imagens ou mitos que conhecessem, caso fizessem alguma associação com as fotografias. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para categorizar os discursos em nove categorias e relacionar os arquétipos correspondentes. A pesquisa empírica resultou no levantamento de quatro arquétipos mitológicos cosmogônicos: Paraíso perdido, Gaia, Caos e Apocalipse; e outros três arquétipos mitológicos: hybris, o diabo e a morte. Ademais, treze arquétipos representados pelas lâminas do Tarô de Marselha auxiliaram na categorização e na inferência dos arquétipos nos discursos dos entrevistados. / This research proposes a study of the man / medium, or society / nature through the revelation of the archetypes that influence this relationship. The thesis sought to verify that the interpretations that subjects describe about the environment (man and nature relationship) are, at their base, archetypal. This thesis is built based on the collective unconscious as defined by Carl Gustav Jung. Thus, the study aimed to fathom the archetypes of the collective unconscious that form the opinions and interpretations of external reality, especially in the interpretation of the environment (man / medium) of the residents of Santa Maria, RS. We sought to bring to the surface the archetypal images and their mythologies that filter the phenomenological world's information, the lived world. This is because it is believed that, although most of modern civilization has left ancestral myths and rites, they remain alive in the human unconscious, are processed and protrude into the environment. The research was conducted with application of semi-structured interviews and the aid of photographs (projective interview) of the city of Santa Maria, RS. Were nineteen interviewees are residents of the city of Santa Maria, RS, have between 21 and 69 years with education ranging from incomplete secondary education and graduate and answered the question: how do you see the relationship of man with nature in these images? Respondents were asked to answer freely, make free associations or makes a contextual speech. They were also advised to mention images or myths they knew if they did some association with photographs. The content analysis was used to categorize the speeches in nine categories and list the corresponding archetypes. The empirical research resulted in four cosmogonic mythological archetypes: Paradise Lost, Gaia, Chaos and Revelation; and three mythological archetypes: hybris, the devil and the death. In addition, thirteen archetypes represented by the Tarot of Marseilles figures helped in the categorization and inference about the archetypes in the interviews.

A presente dissertação teve como motivação a busca pelo entendimento de como adolescentes, alunos do 9 ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da rede pública municipal de Serra Talhada/PE, ao serem solicitados a produzir textos narrativos, tendo como referência os contos clássicos infantis, relacionaram cenas e personagens dos textos originais a pessoas e acontecimentos de suas vivências. Esse fenômeno levou-nos a supor que a reescrita das cenas e dos papéis desempenhados pelos personagens, nos textos dos alunos, poderia resultar da ação do sujeito do inconsciente, uma vez que mesmo revisadas e aprimoradas as narrativas escritas pelos alunos apresentavam situações de seu cotidiano que pareciam ter sido recalcadas. Assim, partindo do pressuposto lacaniano de que o inconsciente é estruturado como uma linguagem, cujo sujeito nasce dividido pelo efeito da linguagem, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a incidência do sujeito do inconsciente em textos narrativos escritos no ambiente escolar. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi fundamentada no Interacionismo de base estruturalista, ressignificado pela psicanálise lacaniana, visto que a articulação entre a Linguística Estruturalista e a Psicanálise Lacaniana, nessa proposta teórica, possibilitou compreender a captura do sujeito pelo funcionamento linguístico-discursivo, assim como o funcionamento da ordem significante e os pontos de afastamento e de aproximação das produções dos alunos em relação aos textos originais. Nessa ordem, os procedimentos de análise adotados permitiram trazer para nosso trabalho as reflexões teóricas de Saussure, Jakobson, Lacan, Cláudia de Lemos, Sônia Borges, dentre outros. Considerando que o objeto de análise desta pesquisa consiste em uma coletânea composta por vinte e um contos de fadas e contos maravilhosos escritos individualmente, fez-se necessário delimitar o corpus de análise. Dessa forma, selecionamos, aleatoriamente, quatro contos maravilhosos, os quais foram escritos com base nos contos Ali Babá e os quarenta ladrões, João e o pé de feijão, O pequeno Polegar e As aventuras de Pinóquio. Os dados apontaram que os autores das narrativas reelaboradas transformaram situações da realidade em significantes, o que permitiu a substituição dos significantes dos contos originais, mais precisamente cenários, personagens e cenas, ora apresentando relação de proximidade (identificação) com o texto original ora distanciando-se dele, o que, possivelmente, assinala a identificação do sujeito ao outro (imaginário), mas também a emergência do sujeito do inconsciente, do sujeito do desejo, pela dimensão da linguagem.