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A?ude do cais: uma proposta de aplica??o de uma sequ?ncia de atividades did?ticas em um contexto real / Dam of cais: a proposed application of a sequence of teaching activities in a real contextMarques, Alex Messias 24 July 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-24 / No ensino de qu?mica diversos trabalhos com enfoque CTS tem sido realizados nos ?ltimos anos principalmente no n?vel m?dio. Alguns destes trabalhos se preocupam em apresentar uma discuss?o sobre uma tem?tica local abordando quest?es cient?fico-tecnol?gicas. Neste trabalho ? apresentada uma pesquisa desenvolvida na Escola Estadual Orlando Ven?ncio localizada no munic?pio de Cuit?, interior da Para?ba. O objetivo geral foi elaborar uma unidade did?tica que discuta a problem?tica da ?gua nesta cidade a partir do enfoque CTS. A aplica??o do material produzido aconteceu numa turma de 2? ano do ensino m?dio com a participa??o de 20 alunos. Foram realizados 7 encontros de 100 minutos. Para a avalia??o do material e coleta de dados fez-se uso de 2 question?rios. A partir da avalia??o do material did?tico produzido pode-se observar que os estudantes participantes avaliaram o material de forma bastante positiva. / Currently it is expected that science education will enable a more
comprehensive conception of the world and of the relationship between scientific
knowledge, technology and society. Thus, we seek the science teaching attend
around contexts related to science, technology and society (STS). According CTS
approaches, the science education should promote learning in the scientific,
technological and social fields, from experienced real contexts, generating motivation
to students, offering them tools to work as scientifically literate citizens. For this, it
becomes crucial to resort to innovative activities and the various methodologies and
appropriate teaching materials, and there is a lack of this perspective in general basic
education, which drives the practice of an STS approach. Therefore, the aim of this
research is the production of an instructional sequence for the exploration of the
theme: "The quality of the water in the municipality of Cuit?-PB," according to focus
CTS in the 2nd year of high school. The choice of this topic is due to the problem
caused by the quality of water in this municipality, with the concern to address an
issue that came to work the critical / reflective understanding of a real context, in
order to sensitize students to the importance of scientific / technological knowledge.
The selection criteria of STS subjects were also observed. In this research the
materials were produced and applied by the teacher / researcher. For data collection
we used the observation and analysis of student records. The results were
encouraging in the sense of participation, motivation and skill acquisition. This
research contributes to the teaching of science with a focus STS, as well as
encourage the use of perspective in new contexts with real questioning
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Comportamento geot?cnico de misturas de solo e res?duos de perfura??o onshore / Geotechnical behavior of mixtures of soil and waste of onshore drillingToledo, Andr? Luiz Lopes 17 November 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-11-17 / A perfura??o de po?os para extra??o de petr?leo gera, entre outros res?duos,
fragmentos de rochas e solos. Estes fragmentos s?o denominados cascalho de
perfura??o de petr?leo ou simplesmente res?duo de perfura??o de petr?leo. Nos
locais de explora??o onshore s?o formados grandes dep?sitos de cascalho de
perfura??o, material de onerosa destina??o final. Sendo assim, este trabalho
apresenta uma pesquisa com o objetivo de avaliar o emprego de res?duo de
perfura??o misturado a um solo later?tico, como material comp?sito a ser utilizado na
execu??o de aterros compactados em obras de terra. Solo e res?duo foram avaliados
atrav?s de difra??o de raios X (DRX), fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX) e mediante
ensaios de laborat?rio tradicionalmente empregados na mec?nica dos solos, como,
an?lise granulom?trica, determina??o de limite de liquidez e de plasticidade e
ensaios de compacta??o. Ap?s a caracteriza??o de solo e res?duo individualmente
foram estudadas misturas de solo e res?duo, segundo as dosagens de 2,5%, 5%,
10%, e 15% de res?duo em rela??o ? massa de solo seco. Essas misturas foram
submetidas aos ensaios de compacta??o, CBR, cisalhamento direto e adensamento.
Os resultados dos ensaios foram comparados com as normas vigentes do DNIT para
execu??o de aterros compactados. Os resultados encontrados nos ensaios das
misturas atendem aos par?metros m?nimos necess?rios, permitindo, sob o ponto de
vista da an?lise geot?cnica, a utiliza??o dessas misturas para execu??o de aterros
compactados / The drilling of wells for petroleum extraction generates rocks and soils
fragments, among other residues. These fragments are denominated petroleum
drilling gravel or simply petroleum drilling residue. On the sites of onshore exploration
are formed big deposits of drilling gravel, an expensive final destination material. This
work aims at evaluating the addition of drilling residue to a lateritic soil, as composite
material, for construction of compacted fills for earth work projects. Soil and residue
were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and by
laboratory tests traditionally used in soil mechanics, as particle-size analysis of soils,
determination of liquid and plasticity indexes and compaction test. After soil and
residue characterization, soil-residue mixtures were studied, using dosages of 2,5%,
5%, 10%, and 15% of residue in relation to the dry soil mass. These mixtures were
submitted to compaction test, CBR, direct shear test and consolidation test. The test
results were compared to the current legislation of DNIT for compacted fill
construction. The results showed that the mixtures presented the minimal necessary
parameters, allowing, from the point of view of geotechnical analysis, the use of
these mixtures for construction of compacted fills
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Possibilidades de enfoque CTS para o ensino superior de qu?mica: proposta de uma abordagem para ?cidos e basesNunes, Albino Oliveira 28 July 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / A educa??o cient?fica tem passado por um per?odo de redefini??es, contesta??es
e novas contribui??es oriundas da pesquisa em ensino de ci?ncias. Um dos aportes ? a
ideia de um letramento cient?fico e tecnol?gico que n?o apenas permita ao cidad?o
conhecer a ci?ncia, mas tamb?m compreender aspectos sobre a constru??o e motiva??es
da pesquisa cient?fica e tecnol?gica. Em conson?ncia com esse pensamento, t?m-se os
estudos no campo Ci?ncia-Tecnologia-Sociedade que, desde a d?cada de 70, vem
contribuindo para o ensino e aprendizagem de ci?ncias nos moldes de uma compreens?o
das interrela??es com a sociedade, nos pa?ses ocidentais do hemisf?rio norte. Aqui no
Brasil, esse enfoque come?ou a ganhar proje??o a partir da d?cada de 90, quando
ocorreram as publica??es das primeiras disserta??es sobre o tema. Atualmente, percebese
claramente a influencia desse enfoque nas orienta??es curriculares nacionais para o
ensino m?dio na ?rea de ci?ncias naturais e exatas (PCN, PCN+, OCN), e tamb?m nos
livros adotados pelo Programa Nacional do Ensino M?dio. Parece, no entanto, haver
uma lacuna, no tocante ? discuss?o dos componentes curriculares espec?ficos ofertados
no ensino superior sob esse enfoque. Assim, neste trabalho prop?s-se a inser??o do
enfoque CTS, mediante a elabora??o de material did?tico complementar, sobre os
conceitos de ?cidos e bases estudados na disciplina Qu?mica Geral, voltado ?s
licenciaturas de ci?ncias naturais. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica
cujo objetivo era construir o estado da arte sobre esses conceitos na literatura espec?fica
de ensino de ci?ncias, subdividido em duas etapas: estudo sistem?tico (com dezesseis
peri?dicos escolhidos segundo o Qualis-Capes) e um estudo assistem?tico com busca
direta em bases de dados e refer?ncias citadas nos artigos do estudo sistem?tico. Os
trabalhos encontrados foram analisados segundo an?lise de conte?do nos quais as
categorias escolhidas a priori foram o n?vel de ensino, os conceitos ?cido-base adotados
e a estrat?gia/referencial te?rico de ensino adotado. Uma segunda etapa foi a
identifica??o das atitudes e cren?as CTS (Ci?ncia-Tecnologia-Sociedade) e QSA
(Qu?mica-Ambiente-Sociedade) de estudantes de cursos de forma??o de professores e
tecnol?gicos em tr?s institui??es distintas: UTFPR, UFRN e IFRN. Nesse estudo foram
utilizados dois question?rios, compostos respectivamente por uma escala de Likert, uma
escala de diferencial sem?ntico e quest?es abertas. A confiabilidade dos dados
quantitativos foi estimada pelo m?todo do alfa de Cronbach, e os dados tratados
segundo a estat?stica cl?ssica, usando como medidas de centralidade a m?dia e, de
dispers?o, o desvio m?dio. Os dados qualitativos foram abordados segundo a an?lise de
conte?do, com categorias que emergiram da leitura das respostas. Na terceira etapa foi
analisada a presen?a de conte?do CTS e QSA nos cap?tulos que abordavam os conceitos
de ?cidos e bases em nove livros de Qu?mica Geral, frequentemente usados nos cursos
superiores de institui??es p?blicas do Rio Grande do Norte. Os resultados mostram que
h? pouca presen?a de propostas com enfoque CTS e QSA para o ensino sobre ?cidos e
bases, e estando essas voltadas ao ensino m?dio ou para as disciplinas de
Instrumenta??o para o Ensino, n?o sendo encontrada nenhuma proposta para a
disciplina de Qu?mica Geral. As atitudes e cren?as dos estudantes indicam a presen?a de
uma vis?o positivista, apoiada nos mitos da neutralidade de C&T e na perspectiva
salvacionista de sua interven??o. A an?lise dos livros revelou que quase n?o se
encontram conte?dos CTS e QSA nos cap?tulos analisados e, quando encontrados, eles
est?o apresentados de maneira desconexa com o corpo de texto principal. Por fim, como
x
proposta para contribuir com a solu??o do problema de aus?ncia de propostas CTS nos
livros de Qu?mica Geral, assim como as atitudes positivistas dos estudantes, foi
desenvolvido um material did?tico a ser usado na disciplina de Qu?mica Geral no
Ensino Superior. O material est? estruturado para trazer uma vis?o hist?rica da
elabora??o dos conceitos, apresentar o uso dos materiais, dos processos industriais e
tecnol?gicos e as consequ?ncias socioambientais dessas atividades / Scientific education has been passing by redefinitions, contestations and new
contributions from the research on science teaching. One contribution is the idea of
science and technology literacy, allowing the citizens not only knowing science but also
understand aspects on the construction and motivation of scientific and technological
research. In accordance with this idea, there is the Science-Technology-Society (STS)
studies which, since the 1970s, has been contributing for science teaching and learning
according to the comprehension of the relationships with society in the Western
countries of the North. In Brazil, this approach began to gain projection from the 1990s
when the first essays on the theme were published. Currently, there is a clear influence
of this approach on the national curriculum guidelines, especially for the area of Natural
Sciences, and also on the textbooks chosen by the High School National Program
(Programa Nacional do Ensino M?dio). However, there seems to be a gap in relation to
the discussion on the specific curricular component seen in college on this approach.
Thus, this study aims at adopting the approach STS, face to the preparation of
complimentary educational material on acid and bases concepts studied in the course of
General Chemistry of the Natural Sciences graduation program. To this end, it was
performed a bibliographical research aiming at making the state-of-the-art in in these
concepts in specific literature to science teaching. It is divided in two stages: systematic
study (with sixteen journals chosen according to Qualis-Capes and an unsystematic
study with direct search in databases and references in the papers of the systematic
study. The studies had their content analyzed and the categories chosen a priori were the
level of education, the acid-base theory adopted, and the strategy/theoretical frame of
reference adopted. A second stage aimed at identifying attitudes and beliefs on STS
(Science-Technology-Society) and CSE (Chemistry-Society-Environment) of students
in the teacher and technologist training course in three diferent institutions: UTFPR,
UFRN and IFRN. In this study, it was used two questionnaires, composed of a Likert
scale, semantic differential scale and open questions. The quantitative data reliability
was estimated through Cronbach?s alpha method, and tha data were treated according to
classic statistics, using the mean as the centrality measures, and the mean deviation as
dispersion. The qualitative data were treated according to the content analysis with
categories taken from the reading of answers. In the third stage, it was analyzed the
presence of STS and CSE content in chapters on acid and bases concepts of nine
General Chemistry textbooks, frequently used in graduation programs in public
institutions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The results showed that there are few
proposals of acid and bases teaching, and they are generally aimed at High School or at
instrumentation for teaching courses, and no course for General Chemistry. The
student?s attitudes and beliefs show the presence of a positivist point of view based on
the concept of Science and Technology neutrality and the salvation of its mediation. The
books analysis showed just a few content on STS and CSE are found in the studied
chapters, and they are generally presented disjointedly in relation to the rest of the main
text. In the end, as suggestion to solve the absence of proposals STS in General
Chemistry books, as well as the student?s positivist attitudes, it was developed some
educational material to be used in the course of General Chemistry at College. The
material is structured to introduce a historical view of the concepts preparation, present
the use of materials, the industrial and technological processes, and social and
environmental consequences of this activities
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Integra??o da simula??o termoenerg?tica com o processo de projeto: a an?lise de 6 casosRodrigues, Clara Ov?dio de Medeiros 28 November 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-11-28 / Esse estudo consiste da avalia??o da integra??o da simula??o termoenerg?tica nas
primeiras fases do processo projetual a partir do estudo de seis casos pr?ticos, com o intuito
de sistematizar o processo de integra??o, identificar as contribui??es das an?lises
termoenerg?ticas em cada fase do processo projetual e identificar os par?metros que
possuem maior impacto no desempenho do edif?cio. A simula??o energ?tica foi realizada por
meio do programa DesignBuilder, o mesmo algoritmo validado do EnergyPlus de predi??o do
comportamento termoenerg?tico. Essa ferramenta se destaca pela capacidade de modelagem
da interface gr?fica, pela sa?da gr?fica de resultados, e pela facilidade de simular o impacto de
alternativas no comportamento da edifica??o, por meio de parametriza??o de vari?veis. Os
seis estudos de caso selecionados consistem de quatro projetos arquitet?nicos em fase de
desenvolvimento e de dois projetos de retrofit, nos quais a autora realiza todas simula??es
termoenerg?ticas, seja como projetista ou como consultora. Os casos foram escolhidos devido
ao comprometimento dos projetistas em atingir edif?cios eficientes, ? disponibilidade dos
projetistas em rela??o ?s consultas, e ? possibilidade de acompanhar os projetos desde a fase
de programa??o arquitet?nica. Essas caracter?sticas possibilitaram sistematizar as an?lises
desde as fases preliminares, auxiliar as escolhas projetuais desde o in?cio do projeto,
subsidiando-as com an?lises quantitativas, como metas de desempenho. A an?lise do
desempenho termoenerg?tico da edifica??o desde as primeiras etapas de projeto mostrou-se
vi?vel, exceto quando o tempo de projeta??o ? ex?guo. Verificou-se que a simula??o
contribuiu, principalmente, nas fases de estudo preliminar e detalhamento do projeto;
enquanto a fase de pr?-projeto pode ser atendida com o uso das estrat?gias bioclim?ticas
quando confi?veis. Foi constatado que cada caso analisado apresentou duas vari?veis que se
destacaram em rela??o ?s demais devido ? domin?ncia sobre o desempenho da edifica??o.
Essas vari?veis mudam de acordo com o projeto, e coincidem com as estrat?gias bioclim?ticas
locais. A adapta??o das alternativas de melhoria ao projeto se torna mais acess?vel quanto
mais inicial a fase projetual. Al?m disso, quando se trabalha com o arquiteto, a simula??o pode
ser utilizada no sentido de provar e convencer; com o projetista de retrofit, no sentido de
quantificar o custo/benef?cio e o retorno do investimento; e para o arquiteto simulador, para
confirmar o resultado desejado e compor relat?rio de desempenho ao cliente. / This work consists of the integrated design process analyses with thermal energetic
simulation during the early design stages, based on six practical cases. It aims to schematize
the integration process, identifying the thermal energetic analyses contributions at each
design phase and identifying the highest impact parameters on building performance. The
simulations were run in the DesignBuilder energy tool, which has the same EnergyPlus engine,
validated. This tool was chosen due to the flexible and user friendly graphic interface for
modeling and output assessment, including the parametric simulation to compare design
alternatives. The six case studies energy tools are three architectural and three retrofit
projects, and the author the simulations as a consultant or as a designer. The case studies
were selected based on the commitment of the designers in order to achieve performance
goals, and their availability to share the process since the early pre-design analyses, allowing
schematizing the whole process, and supporting the design decisions with quantifications,
including energy targets. The thermoenergetic performance analyses integration is feasible
since the early stages, except when only a short time is available to run the simulations. The
simulation contributions are more important during the sketch and detail phases. The predesign
phase can be assisted by means of reliable bioclimatic guidelines. It was verified that
every case study had two dominant design variables on the general performance. These
variables differ according the building characteristics and always coincide with the local
bioclimatic strategies. The adaptation of alternatives to the design increases as earlier it
occurs. The use of simulation is very useful: to prove and convince the architects; to quantify
the cost benefits and payback period to the retrofit designer; and to the simulator confirm the
desirable result and report the performance to the client
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Degrada??o fotocatal?tica oxidativa do fenol utilizando carv?o obtido da pir?lise de diferentes biomassasOliveira, Gislane Pinho de 25 June 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O progresso industrial moderno vem incorporando compostos fen?licos entre as
impurezas encontradas na ?gua. Por se tratar de uma subst?ncia t?xica e cancer?gena, ?
imprescind?vel que a mesma seja reduzida ? concentra??es toler?veis, determinadas pelo
CONAMA. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo o tratamento e caracteriza??o de
catalisadores oriundos do biocarv?o, subproduto da pir?lise de biomassa (avel?s e p? de
madeira), assim como sua avalia??o na degrada??o fotocatal?tica do fenol. Os ensaios foram
realizados em um reator leito de lama, com medi??es instant?neas da temperatura, pH e
oxig?nio dissolvido. Os experimentos foram realizados nas seguintes condi??es operacionais:
temperatura igual a 50 ?C, vaz?o de oxig?nio igual a 410 mL min-1
, volume de solu??o reagente
igual a 3,2 L, l?mpada UV de 400 W, press?o de 1 atm e tempo de rea??o de 2 horas. Os
par?metros avaliados foram o pH do meio reacional (3,0; 6,9 e 10,7), concentra??o inicial de
fenol comercial (250, 500 e 1000 ppm), concentra??o de catalisador (0, 1, 2 e 3 g L-1
) e natureza
do catalisador (carv?o do aveloz ativado e lavado com diclorometano, CAADCM, e carv?o da
madeira ativado e lavado com diclorometano, CMADCM). Os resultados de FRX, DRX e BET
comprovaram a presen?a de ferro e pot?ssio em quantidades satisfat?rias para o catalisador
CAADCM e em quantidades reduzidas no catalisador CMADCM, e o aumento da ?rea
superficial dos materiais ap?s a ativa??o qu?mica e f?sica. As curvas de degrada??o do fenol
indicam que o pH tem uma influ?ncia significativa na convers?o do fenol, apresentando
melhores resultados para os valores de pH mais reduzidos. A concentra??o ?tima de catalisador
observada foi de 1 g L-1
e o aumento da concentra??o inicial de fenol exerce uma influ?ncia
negativa na condu??o da rea??o. Tamb?m foi observado o efeito positivo da presen?a de ferro
e pot?ssio na estrutura do catalisador: obteve-se convers?es melhores para os ensaios realizados
com o catalisador CAADCM, quando comparado com o catalisador CMADCM nas mesmas
condi??es. A maior convers?o foi obtida para o ensaio realizado em pH ?cido (3,0), com uma
concentra??o inicial de fenol igual a 250 ppm na presen?a do catalisador CAADCM a 1 g L-1
.
As amostras l?quidas retiradas a cada 15 minutos foram analisadas por cromatografia l?quida
identificando e quantificando a hidroquinona, p-benzoquinona, catecol e ?cido maleico.
Finalmente um mecanismo do processo reacional foi proposto, considerando que o fenol ?
transformado em fase homog?nea e os demais reagem na superf?cie do catalisador. Aplicandose
o modelo de Langmuir-Hinshelwood juntamente com um balan?o de massa, obteve-se um
sistema de equa??es diferenciais que foi resolvido utilizando o m?todo de Runge-Kutta de 4?
ordem associado a uma rotina de otimiza??o SWARM (enxame de part?culas), visando
minimizar a fun??o objetivo de m?nimos quadrados para estima??o dos par?metros cin?ticos e
de adsor??o. Obteve-se constantes cin?ticas da ordem de grandeza de 10-3
para a degrada??o do
fenol, 10-4
? 10-2
para a forma??o de ?cidos, 10-6
? 10-9
para a mineraliza??o dos quin?nicos
(hidroquinona, p-benzoquinona e catecol), 10-3
? 102 para a mineraliza??o dos ?cidos. / The modern industrial progress has been contaminating water with phenolic
compounds. These are toxic and carcinogenic substances and it is essential to reduce its
concentration in water to a tolerable one, determined by CONAMA, in order to protect the
living organisms. In this context, this work focuses on the treatment and characterization of
catalysts derived from the bio-coal, by-product of biomass pyrolysis (avel?s and wood dust) as
well as its evaluation in the phenol photocatalytic degradation reaction. Assays were carried out
in a slurry bed reactor, which enables instantaneous measurements of temperature, pH and
dissolved oxygen. The experiments were performed in the following operating conditions:
temperature of 50 ?C, oxygen flow equals to 410 mL min-1
, volume of reagent solution equals
to 3.2 L, 400 W UV lamp, at 1 atm pressure, with a 2 hours run. The parameters evaluated were
the pH (3.0, 6.9 and 10.7), initial concentration of commercial phenol (250, 500 and 1000 ppm),
catalyst concentration (0, 1, 2, and 3 g L-1
), nature of the catalyst (activated avel?s carbon
washed with dichloromethane, CAADCM, and CMADCM, activated dust wood carbon washed
with dichloromethane). The results of XRF, XRD and BET confirmed the presence of iron and
potassium in satisfactory amounts to the CAADCM catalyst and on a reduced amount to
CMADCM catalyst, and also the surface area increase of the materials after a chemical and
physical activation. The phenol degradation curves indicate that pH has a significant effect on
the phenol conversion, showing better results for lowers pH. The optimum concentration of
catalyst is observed equals to 1 g L-1
, and the increase of the initial phenol concentration exerts
a negative influence in the reaction execution. It was also observed positive effect of the
presence of iron and potassium in the catalyst structure: betters conversions were observed for
tests conducted with the catalyst CAADCM compared to CMADCM catalyst under the same
conditions. The higher conversion was achieved for the test carried out at acid pH (3.0) with an
initial concentration of phenol at 250 ppm catalyst in the presence of CAADCM at 1 g L-1
. The
liquid samples taken every 15 minutes were analyzed by liquid chromatography identifying and
quantifying hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, catechol and maleic acid. Finally, a reaction
mechanism is proposed, cogitating the phenol is transformed into the homogeneous phase and
the others react on the catalyst surface. Applying the model of Langmuir-Hinshelwood along
with a mass balance it was obtained a system of differential equations that were solved using
the Runge-Kutta 4th order method associated with a optimization routine called SWARM
(particle swarm) aiming to minimize the least square objective function for obtaining the
kinetic and adsorption parameters. Related to the kinetic rate constant, it was obtained a
magnitude of 10-3
for the phenol degradation, 10-4
to 10-2
for forming the acids, 10-6
to 10-9
for
the mineralization of quinones (hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone and catechol), 10-3
to 10-2
for
the mineralization of acids.
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Qu?mica em cena: uma proposta para forma??o inicial de professores de qu?micaSousa J?nior, Francisco Souto de 09 June 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-09 / Nos meios educacionais tem-se observadas dificuldade em se formar professores que atendam ?s necessidades do ensino m?dio e superior, e uma das raz?es para isso s?o as diferentes viv?ncias na forma??o dos educadores em rela??o ?s que s?o encontradas em sala de aula. Assim, frequentemente surgem cr?ticas relacionadas a pertin?ncia e a efici?ncia dos cursos de licenciatura, no que refere ao cumprimento da sua natural miss?o, o que fragiliza a forma??o do professor. Com isso, a melhoria da qualidade da educa??o fica muito dependente das iniciativas dos professores, criando alternativas did?ticas para fortalecer suas atua??es no ensino. Partindo dessa reflex?o, conclui-se que a forma??o de professores necessita de novas propostas did?ticas que os qualifiquem, e assim possam promover a forma??o dos seus alunos de forma mais adequada. Dentre as propostas did?ticas apresentadas como alternativas para a forma??o inicial de professores pode-se utilizar o teatro cient?fico (TC). Considerando esta possibilidade, nesse trabalho tem-se como proposta investigar e discutir a influ?ncia do TC aliado ? experimenta??o na forma??o inicial de licenciandos em Qu?mica que participam dos Grupos de Teatro Fan?ticos da Qu?mica (UERN) e Qu?mica em Cena (UFRN). Para tanto, realizou-se, em uma primeira etapa, ensaios teatrais baseados no teatro do oprimido, e escritas de roteiros dramat?rgicos, numa proposta colaborativa. Para incorporar a experimenta??o em qu?mica aos ensaios teatrais, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica sistem?tica e, ap?s an?lise de conte?do, foram selecionados, as categorias, materiais e reagentes de f?cil acesso, procedimentos de f?cil execu??o e com baixos riscos de acidentes e f?cil tratamento dos res?duos qu?micos gerados. Na segunda parte identificou-se: a) as cren?as dos licenciandos na utiliza??o do TC aliado a experimenta??o para forma??o inicial de professores de qu?mica; b) a influ?ncia do TC aliado ? experimenta??o na aprendizagem de conceitos qu?micos de alunos do ensino m?dio que assistiram aos espet?culos; c) as raz?es para o uso ou n?o do TC aliado ? experimenta??o por professores de qu?mica que participaram dos grupos de TC e hoje atuam em sala de aula. Nesse estudo foram utilizados question?rios e entrevistas, compostos, respectivamente, por uma escala de Likert e quest?es abertas. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meios da estat?stica cl?ssica, usando como medidas de centralidade a m?dia, o argumento de concord?ncia e o desvio m?dio. Os dados qualitativos foram abordados segundo a an?lise de conte?do, com categorias que emergiram da leitura das respostas. Dessas an?lises concluiu-se que os licenciandos t?m uma vis?o positiva na utiliza??o do teatro cient?fico para divulga??o da qu?mica, para utiliza??o na aprendizagem de conceitos qu?micos, de saberes pedag?gicos e disciplinares, assim como para formar estrat?gia de promo??o ? pesquisa e a extens?o na Universidade. Eles creditam melhorias na sua forma??o inicial ? utiliza??o do teatro cient?fico aliado a experimenta??o. O TC oferece motiva??o para constru??o do pensamento conceitual de maneira informal de comunica??o da qu?mica, permitindo que o aluno amplie seus conhecimentos, favorecendo n?o somente a abordagem fenomenol?gica, mas tamb?m a constru??o do conhecimento qu?mico e a internaliza??o dos conceitos cient?ficos. / In educational observed difficulty in train teachers to meet the medium and
higher education needs, and one reason for this is the different experiences in the
training of educators in relation to those found in the classroom. So often arise
criticisms related to relevance and efficiency of degree courses, as regards the
performance of its natural mission, which weakens the teacher training. Thus,
improving the quality of education is very dependent on the initiatives of teachers,
creating teaching alternatives to strengthen their performance in school. From this
reflection, it is concluded that teacher training needs new educational proposals that
qualify, and so can promote the formation of his students more adequately. Among the
educational proposals as alternatives to initial teacher training may use the scientific
theater (TC). Considering this possibility, this work has been proposed as investigate
and discuss the influence of TC combined with experimentation in the initial training of
future teachers in Chemistry who participate in the Groups Fanatics chemistry Theatre
(UERN) and Chemistry on Stage (UFRN). Therefore, there was, in a first stage,
theatrical essays based on the theater of the oppressed, and written dramaturgical
scripts, a collaborative proposal. To incorporate experimentation in chemistry to theater
rehearsals, there was a systematic literature search and after content analysis, were
selected categories, materials and reagents easily accessible, easy procedures and
implementation with low risk of accidents and easy care chemical waste. In the second
part we identified: a) the beliefs of student teachers in the use of TC ally trial for initial
training of chemistry teachers; b) the influence of TC ally to trial on learning of
chemical concepts of high school students who attended the shows; c) the reasons for
using or not TC ally to trial by chemistry teachers who participated in the TC group and
currently work in the classroom. In this study, questionnaires and interviews were used,
compounds, respectively, by a Likert scale and open questions. Quantitative data were
analyzed by classical statistics the media, using as centrality measures the average, the
concordance argument and the average deviation. Qualitative data were discussed
according to content analysis, with categories that emerged from reading the answers.
These analyzes concluded that the licensees have a positive view on the use of scientific
theater for disclosure of the chemical for use in the learning of chemical concepts,
pedagogical and disciplinary knowledge, and to form promotion strategy for research
and extension at the University. They credit improvements in their initial training on the
use of scientific theater combined with experimentation. The TC provides motivation
for the construction of conceptual thinking in an informal way of chemical
communication, allowing the student to expand their knowledge, not only favoring the
phenomenological approach, but also the construction of chemical knowledge and the
internalization of scientific concepts.
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Inf?ncia on?rica na leitura de Menino de Engenho e O AtheneuBatista, Ozaias Antonio 02 March 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-02 / Com a cis?o entre as culturas cient?fica e humanista na forma??o do pensamento ocidental moderno, a raz?o foi colocada em uma posi??o superior frente ? imagina??o (SANTOS, 2008; WUNENBURGER, 2003; 2005; MORIN 1998b). Adotando uma abordagem cr?tica a esse paradigma de racionalidade, uma vez que o antropos ? indissociavelmente racional e imagin?rio (WUNENBURGER e ARA?JO, 2006), tenho como campo emp?rico as narrativas romanescas de Menino de Engenho (1974)e O Ateneu (2010) objetivando refletir sobre uma forma??o integral que religue raz?o e imagina??o para outra compreens?o antropol?gica. Assim, atrav?s de devaneios po?ticos voltados ? inf?ncia (BACHELARD, 2009), adoto as imagens liter?rias (BACHELARD, 2008) dos romances estudados na tentativa de interpretar as experi?ncias de Carlinhos e S?rgio no Engenho Santa Rosa e Col?gio Ateneu, estes compreendidos por mim enquanto espa?os po?ticos (BACHELARD, 1993). Os resultados parciais da pesquisa apontam para uma leitura que vislumbra as viv?ncias dos meninos catalisadas pelo racional e o imagin?rio, tendo em vista que tanto Carlinhos quanto S?rgio desfrutaram de momentos felizes, tristes, frustrantes, desejantes - os quais levaram os meninos a constru?rem pensamentos balizados pelo racional e o on?rico. / With the Split between the scientific and humanistic cultures in the formation of modern Western thought, the reason was placed in a higher position opposite the imagination (SANTOS, 2008; WUNENBURGER, 2003, 2005; MORIN,1998b). Adopting a critical approach to this paradigma of rationality, since the anthropos is inextricably rational and imaginary ( WUNENBURGER; ARA?JO, 2006), I chose as empirical field the novelistic narratives of Menino de Engenho(1974) and O Ateneu (2010), in order to reflect an anthropo logical understanding not dichotomized between the rational and imaginary colleges. Thus, through poetic reveries focused on childhood (BACHELARD, 2009), I adopt the notion of literary images (BACHELARD, 2008) in an attempt to interpret the experiences of Carlinhos and S?rgio in the Santa Rosa Mill and Ateneu School, respectively, understood by me as poetic spaces (BACHELARD, 1993). It was of my observation that the experiences of boys were catalyzed by the rational and the imaginary, given that both Carlinhos and S?rgio enjoyed happy times, sad, frustrating, desiring, even when dealing with different environments and realities.
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O estado democr?tico brasileiro e a atua??o da jurisdi??o constitucional: caminhos para a afirma??o da soberania estatalMacedo, Adriana Gomes Medeiros de 15 May 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-05-15 / Ap?s a promulga??o da Constitui??o Federal de 1988, surge um novo modelo constitucional que preconiza pela concretiza??o dos direitos fundamentais. O Estado Democr?tico de Direito visa buscar uma nova forma de legitima??o, que n?o ? restringida ao voto, ou aos direitos pol?ticos: o elemento democr?tico, resultado de debates amplo, aberto, inclusivo e participativo. A ado??o da jurisdi??o constitucional ocorreu em raz?o de uma op??o pol?tica da soberania popular encartada na carta Magna de 1988. Nesse est?gio, ocorre a expans?o da jurisdi??o constitucional, que traz ? baila o debate sobre sua legitimidade democr?tica. Nessa perspectiva, fazendo uma delimita??o no nosso objeto de estudo, almeja-se discutir o papel da Constitui??o e a atua??o da jurisdi??o constitucional como ?ltima inst?ncia de interpreta??o do texto constitucional. Para essa finalidade, compreende-se a Constitui??o situada no ?pice do ordenamento jur?dico, como uma norma aberta que se torna viva atrav?s do processo de interpreta??o realizado por toda a sociedade. E ante a crise do sistema representativo, a jurisdi??o constitucional ? analisada no seu car?ter procedimental inerente ao modelo democr?tico-deliberativo. Para tanto, utiliza-se a pesquisa explorat?ria e descritiva feita por meio de livros, artigos cient?ficos, monografias. O presente trabalho analisa o papel da jurisdi??o constitucional brasileira sob a concep??o da democracia deliberativa, no Estado democr?tico de Direito, cujo marco te?rico ? J?rgen Habermas, verificando-se como a jurisdi??o constitucional pode se democratizar, investigando quais as alternativas poss?veis para efetivar a reconstru??o democr?tica do texto constitucional, na afirma??o da soberania estatal. Sustenta, por fim que a abertura procedimental com a utiliza??o do amicus curiae e das audi?ncias p?blicas no sistema de controle de constitucionalidade representam elementos (re)democratizadores do debate, e por isso como possibilidade de produ??o da decis?o de forma mais leg?tima, em conson?ncia com o clamor social e ainda em conformidade com todos aqueles que s?o potencialmente atingidos pela decis?o. / After the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988, a new constitutional model which calls for the realization of fundamental rights. The democratic state seeks to find a new form of legitimation, which is not restricted to vote, or for Political Rights: the democratic element, the result of extensive discussions, open, inclusive and participatory. The adoption of constitutional jurisdiction were driven by a politics of popular sovereignty option in the inset letter Magna1988. At this stage, there is the expansion of constitutional jurisdiction, which brings up the debate on democratic legitimacy. From this perspective, making a delimitation in our object of study, we aimed to discuss the role of the Constitution and the role of constitutional jurisdiction as of last resort interpretation of the constitutional text. For this purpose, we understand the Constitution situatedat the apexof the legal systemas an open standard which comes alive through the interpretation process carried out by the whole society. And before the crisis of the representative system, the constitutional jurisdiction is analyzed in its procedural natureinherent in the democratic deliberative model. For this, we use the exploratory and descriptive research by means of books, scientific articles, monographs. This paper analyzes the role of Brazilian constitutional jurisdiction under the concept of deliberative democracy, the democratic rule of law, whose theoretical framework is J?rgen Habermas, checking up as the constitutional jurisdiction can democratize, investigating what possible alternatives to carry out the democratic reconstruction of the constitutional text, the assertion of state sovereignty. Argues finally that procedural opening using the amicus curiae and public hearings on constitutional control system represent elements(re) democratizing the debate, so as the possibility of production of the decision more legitimately, in line with the public outcry and yet in line with all those who are potentially affected by the decision.
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A oralidade no ensino de L?ngua Portuguesa em livros did?ticos para educa??o de jovens e adultos (EJA): reflex?es e proposi??esSilva, Francisca Fabiana da 07 August 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / O presente trabalho configura-se como uma reflex?o acerca da modalidade oral da l?ngua no ensino de L?ngua Portuguesa, a partir de livros did?ticos propostos para o ensino fundamental. Tem-se como objetivo geral analisar os livros did?ticos destinados ? Educa??o de Jovens e Adultos - EJA (6? e do 7? ano), da cole??o ?? tempo de aprender?, especificamente no que se refere ?s atividades pedag?gicas com foco na oralidade propostas nas unidades constitutivas. Trata-se de um trabalho de reflex?o com vistas ? apresenta??o de sugest?es resultantes da discuss?o realizada, haja vista a constata??o de que a modalidade escrita tem sido apontada por alguns estudiosos, entre estes Marcuschi (2005), como a mais privilegiada em sala de aula e na maioria dos manuais que orientam o ensino de L?ngua Portuguesa. Neste trabalho, parte-se de uma vis?o mais ampla dos princ?pios da pedagogia dial?gica do educador Paulo Freire, na dire??o de pr?ticas pedag?gicas que favorecem o desenvolvimento de compet?ncias lingu?stico-discursivas do aluno. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se a forma??o de um sujeito cr?tico, que saiba argumentar e defender pontos de vista, usando a l?ngua oral ou escrita, nas diversas situa??es sociais. Nessa dire??o, neste trabalho estabeleceram-se como objetivos identificar, descrever e interpretar as atividades propostas com a modalidade oral da L?ngua Portuguesa, a partir de bases te?ricas interacionais subsidiadas em autores como Marcuschi (2005, 2010), F?vero, Andrade e Aquino (1999), Schneuwly e Dolz (2004), Antunes (2009), entre outros. Al?m disso, objetivou-se sugerir outras atividades pedag?gicas, como forma de amplia??o das j? existentes, a fim de que contemplassem de forma mais eficiente, aspectos da oralidade j? propostos e aspectos de g?neros orais formais. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual, a partir de materiais did?ticos utilizados em sala de aula, fez-se uma reflex?o sobre a oralidade e sobre a oralidade no ensino da L?ngua Portuguesa e prop?s-se uma amplia??o de atividades com uma a modalidade oral. Nessa reflex?o, os resultados de an?lises revelaram que as obras investigadas, usadas nas aulas de L?ngua Portuguesa na EJA contemplam em suas propostas a oralidade como objeto e eixo de ensino. No entanto, constatamos a necessidade de ampliar as propostas de trabalho atividades j? existentes, a fim de dar uma maior ?nfase a aspectos relevantes da oralidade j? priorizados, al?m de direcionar para que contemplem os g?neros p?blicos formais. Ao buscar-se a apresenta??o de sugest?es e encaminhamentos pedag?gicos que se integrem aos j? existentes, postulou-se o desenvolvimento mais efetivo de habilidades orais dos alunos da EJA numa perspectiva Freiriana, como tamb?m pensou-se em uma forma de fornecer subs?dios que possam nortear docentes da ?rea de L?ngua Portuguesa no n?vel fundamental de ensino. / This work appears as a reflection on the oral modality of the language in the teaching of Portuguese Language from textbooks proposed for the elementary school. It has as main aim to analyze the textbooks for the Youth and Adult Education - EJA (6th and 7th grade), the collection "It is time to learn", specifically in regard to educational activities focusing on oral proposals in their constituent units. It is a process of reflection with a view to submitting suggestions arising from the discussions held, given the fact that the writing mode has been identified by some scholars, between these Marcuschi (2005), as the most privileged in the classroom and in most manuals that guide the teaching of Portuguese Language. In this work, we start from a broader vision from the principles of dialogic pedagogy by Paulo Freire perspectives towards pedagogical practices that favor the development of linguistic and discursive student skills. In this sense, we emphasize the formation of a critical subject, who can argue and defend points of view, using oral or written language, in various social situations. In this view, this paper set up aims to identify, describe and interpret the activities proposed to the oral modality of Portuguese Language, from interactional theoretical bases, based on authors as Marcuschi (2005, 2010), F?vero, Andrade and Aquino (1999) Schneuwly and Dolz (2004), Antunes (2009), among others. In addition, the objective was to suggest other educational activities, as a way of expanding the existing ones, in order that addressed more efficiently, to aspects of orality been proposed and aspects of formal oral genres. Methodologically, it is a qualitative research, in which, from the teaching materials used in the classroom, there was a reflection on the orality and the oral teaching of the Portuguese language and has been proposed an expansion of activities one oral mode. In this reflection, analysis of the results revealed that the books investigated, used in Portuguese classes in EJA, include in their proposals orality as an object and teaching axis. However, we appoint the need to expand the teaching proposals with the existing activities in order to give greater emphasis to important aspects of orality already prioritized, and also to address to the formal public genres. In seeking to make suggestions and educational proposals that integrate with existing, we postulated the most effective development for oral skills for the EJA student, in Freire's perspective, as also we thought in a way to provide subsidies which could guide teachers of the Portuguese Language area at the fundamental level of education.
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A aprendizagem transm?dia na sala de aula: potencialidades de letramento midi?ticoFran?a, Patricia Gallo de 26 March 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A tese Aprendizagem Transm?dia na Sala de Aula: Potencialidades de Letramento
Midi?tico teve como principal objetivo investigar a aprendizagem transm?dia como uma
abordagem pedag?gica de letramento midi?tico junto a professores e alunos das s?ries
finais da educa??o b?sica p?blica. Para tanto, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa qualitativa a
partir do uso das diretrizes investigativas da etnometodologia (GARFINKEL, 1967;
COULON, 1995a), pelo fato de caracterizar-se pelo estudo de atividades cotidianas dos
indiv?duos, com aten??o ao modo como eles tomam decis?es, comunicam, resolvem
problemas, raciocinam, seja por a??es corriqueiras seja por eruditas, por meio de
tecnologias e m?dias; bem como pela pesquisa-a??o (THIOLLENT, 2003), no que se refere
? interven??o pedag?gica proposta por n?s. Assim, a pesquisa ? apresentada em duas
etapas, a saber: 1) o uso das tecnologias e m?dias no processo de ensino-aprendizagem,
investigando alunos e professores; 2) a aprendizagem transm?dia na sala de aula, uma
interven??o pedag?gica na escola-campo de pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados por
unidades relacionais, considerando o tema central: uso de tecnologias e m?dias. Como
resultado, constatamos que: o livro did?tico ainda ? o principal suporte utilizado pelo
professor; as tecnologias e m?dias digitais apenas s?o mencionadas pelos alunos quando
estes realizam atividades de cunho acad?mico por iniciativa pr?pria; o letramento
midi?tico do professor interfere na abordagem de privilegiar e mediar o letramento
midi?tico dos alunos. Assim, conclu?mos que a aprendizagem transm?dia modificou a
din?mica de ensino-aprendizagem, propiciando maior entusiasmo e intera??o dos alunos
com/sobre o objeto de conhecimento, estabeleceu um di?logo significativo entre professoraluno
e aluno-aluno, al?m de ter potencialidade de letramento midi?tico. / The thesis Transmedia Learning in the Classroom: the potential of media literacy aimed to
investigate transmedia learning as a pedagogical approach of media literacy with teachers
and students of the final grade in public basic education. For this, we developed a
qualitative research using the investigative guidelines of ethnomethodology
(GARFINKEL, 1967; COULON, 1995a ), by the fact it is characterized in individuals
daily activities study, with attention to how they make decisions, communicate, solve
problems, reason, whether by ordinary or erudite shares through technologies and media,
as well as we use the action research guidelines (THIOLLENT, 2003), in regard to
educational intervention proposed by us. Thus, our research is presented in two stages,
namely: 1) the use of technology and media in the teaching and learning process,
investigating students and teachers; 2) the transmedia learning in the classroom, an
educational intervention in school where we developed this research. The data collected
were analyzed in relational units considering a central theme: the use of technology and
media. As a result we found that textbook is still the main media used by teacher;
technologies and digital media are only mentioned by students when they carry out
educational activities on their own initiative; teachers? media literacy interfere in their
approach to conduct, prioritize and mediate the students media literacy process. Thus, we
conclude that transmedia learning changed the dynamics of teaching and learning in
classroom, providing greater enthusiasm and interaction of students with / about the object
of knowledge, established a meaningful dialogue between teacher-student and studentstudent,
as well as transmedia learning has potential of literacy media.
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