近十年來，因投機需求、游資充斥等原因使台灣房價成長之上升趨勢明顯高於許多國家，房屋交易方面則呈現明顯起伏不定之走勢，台灣政府單位為達成物價穩定、金融穩定與經濟成長等目標並且避免金融危機再度發生，透過制定及執行貸款管制政策，期能有效抑制假性需求與房價上漲趨勢。 然而，貸款管制是否能有效抑制房價，過去未有文獻針對購屋貸款管制工具與房價及住宅交易量觀察長期趨勢關係並缺乏整體性探討，故本研究欲藉由探究貸款成數與購屋貸款餘額占國內生產毛額比率與住宅市場間是否存在長期、短期影響或其間因果關係，以得知是否政策的投入能夠確切影響標的、達成目標。 本文嘗試以 2000 年第一季至2016 年第二季之貸款管制工具變數及總體經變數資料，運用 ARDL Bounds Test、ARDL-ECM 模型及Toda and Yamamoto 因果檢定探究購屋貸款管制變數對於台灣住宅市場間之長期與短期動態關係及因果關係。研究結果顯示，購屋貸款管制變數對於房價及交易量有顯著之影響，尤其對於住宅交易量方面具有較為明顯之效果，因此，期望透過本研究對於台灣未來金融、房市政策規劃提出建議。 / Over the past decade, an abundance of money and speculative demand from the Quantitative Easing (QE) monetary policy drove the housing price in Taiwan to rise sharply, and the volume of housing market is unstable. To stabilize the financial markets, the government have formulated policies on housing markets and mortgage control to curb rising housing prices. In order to understand the effect of mortgage control on curbing housing price, this study examines the long-run and short-run relationship and causality effect among loan-to-value ratio and mortgage-to-GDP ratio and housing markets. This study used ARDL model, bounds test and Toda and Yamamoto causality to analyze quarterly data over the period 2000-Q1 to 2016-Q2. Empirical results show that mortgage control has significant effects on the housing market. Results further shown that the influence on the volume is more obvious than on the price. Results of this study provide precious policy implications for future housing financial sectors.

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Cette thèse traite essentiellement de deux systèmes intégrables associés à des algèbres de Lie simples. Les deux résultats principaux sont la construction et l'intégrabilité au sens de Liouville des réseaux de 2-Toda et de Full Kostant-Toda périodique sur toute algèbre de Lie simple. Ces réseaux sont l'un et l'autre décrit par un champ hamiltonien associé à un crochet de Poisson qui provient d'une algèbre de Lie munie d'une R-matrice. Nous construisons dans les deux cas une grande famille de constantes de mouvement que nous utilisons pour démontrer l'intégrabilité au sens de Liouville des deux systèmes. Nos constructions et nos démonstrations font appel à de nombreux résultats sur les algèbres de Lie simples, leurs R-matrices, leurs fonctions Ad-invariantes et leurs systèmes de racines.

[pt] Para (Lambda) uma matriz diagonal real de espectro simples, consideramse O(Lambda), a variedade de matrizes reais, simétricas conjugadas a (Lambda), e Tau (Lambda), a variedade das matrizes tridiagonais em O(Lambda). Calcula-se as homologias das duas variedades, combinando técnicas de teoria de Morse e sistemas integráveis. Como conseqüência, mostra-se que a imersão de O(Lambda) no espaço vetorial de matrizes reais simétricas é tight e taut, o que tem implicações em teoria espectral numérica. / [en] For (Lambda) a real, diagonal matrix of simple spectrum, we consider O(lambda), the isospectral manifold of real, symmetric matrices conjugate to (Lambda), and (Tau)(Lambda), the isospectral manifold of tridiagonal matrices in O(Lambda).We compute the homologies of both manifolds, combining techniques of Morse theory and integrable systems. As a consequence, we show that the immersion of O(Lambda) in the vector space of real symmetric matrices is tight and taut, a fact with implications in numerical spectral theory.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-23T12:16:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Danielle Guglieri Lima.pdf: 2888176 bytes, checksum: be6180605155f36e8e2906ae3bc8b316 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T12:16:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danielle Guglieri Lima.pdf: 2888176 bytes, checksum: be6180605155f36e8e2906ae3bc8b316 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research grounds in “Oral and written text and discourse” that aims reading, wording and discourse production under a socio-cognitive-interactional approach. This is particularly connected to sustainable marketing presented to the public in Santander Bank site as a corporative communication. Employees’ training is required in order to their communication about the company positive aspects to them, to the community, to the environment, to the education or to other relevant points in social context, lately. Nevertheless, the corporate mission, vision and values must represent such aspects before disclosing to indoor (employees) and outdoor audiences (suppliers and clients). Thus, it was intended to investigate arising causes and motivations from concerning about sustainability in the corporative world that are available by corporative discourse showed inside institutional material through internet hosting. In the moment of proposing the assumption concerning to the companies sustainability information which occurs in an artificial way with the goal to inform the community, clients and suppliers about environments serviceable acts, it’s clear that all arrangements in such communications are linguistic specific handling, called, in this case, greenwashing, which are, in a hybrid form and undergo the concern to syntax, word choosing, audience knowledge and argumentative techniques studied by managers and embedded to corporative marketing theories. It’s believed that corporative communications, such as any communication, are hardly focused in social ideological issues, and are in convergence to Portuguese specific terms in order to promote speakers compliance. In this research, the ideological focus is concentrated in socially sustainable and responsible bias / Esta pesquisa fundamenta-se na linha “Texto e discurso, nas modalidades oral e escrita”, de forma a visar à leitura e à produção de textos e discursos, sob o ponto de vista sócio-cognitivo-interacional, estando, pois, unida, especificamente, ao estudo do discurso do marketing sustentável, apresentado, publicamente, no site do Banco Santander, como forma de comunicação corporativa. Para que essa forma de comunicação esteja atrelada aos aspectos positivos da empresa, é preciso educar e treinar os funcionários para comunicar o que a empresa faz de positivo para eles, para a comunidade, para o meio ambiente, para a educação, ou para outros pontos julgados relevantes no contexto social dos dias de hoje. No entanto, a missão, a visão e os valores empresariais devem traduzir tais aspectos, antes que sejam divulgados ao público interno (funcionários) ou externo (clientes e fornecedores). Desta forma, pretendeu-se averiguar as causas e as motivações advindas da preocupação com a sustentabilidade no mundo corporativo que estão disponíveis por meio do discurso empresarial, apresentado em material institucional hospedado na Internet. Ao se propor a hipótese de que a preocupação com a sustentabilidade das empresas ocorre de maneira artificial, a fim de informar a comunidade, clientes e fornecedores sobre os atos benéficos realizados ao meio-ambiente, parece claro que todos os mecanismos utilizados em tais comunicações constituem manobras, muito específicas, de cunho linguístico, chamadas, neste caso, de greenwashing as quais se apresentam de forma híbrida e que passam pela preocupação com a sintaxe, a escolha de palavras, o conhecimento da plateia e as técnicas argumentativas estudadas pelos administradores e incorporadas às teorias de marketing institucional. Acredita-se que as comunicações institucionais, como qualquer comunicação, são extremamente focalizadas em questões ideológicas da sociedade e que estão colocadas com uma convergência para termos específicos da língua portuguesa, de forma a promoverem a adesão de seus atores. Nesta pesquisa, o foco ideológico está centrado no viés sustentável e responsável socialmente

Je définis tout d'abord les polynômes vectoriels orthogonaux relativement à une matrice r x s de mesures ou de poids et je rappelle les propriétés habituelles : la récurrence à r+s+1 termes, le théorème de Shohat-Favard ou l'égalité de Christoffel-Darboux. Ces polynômes permettent, par l'utilisation d'approximants de Padé, de caractériser l'ensemble résolvant de l'opérateur aux différences associé aux récurrences. Cette caractérisation a déjà été donnée par Duren mais la démonstration utilisée ici est novatrice. Je définis ensuite des fonctions homographiques sur l'ensemble des matrices $r\times s$. J'uniformise ainsi tous les cas connus de fractions continues: scalaire, vectoriel ou matriciel. Elles permettent aussi de démontrer un théorème d'accélération de convergence de fractions continues matricielles, généralisation d'un théorème similaire pour les fractions généralisées donné par de Bruin et Jacobsen. J'utilise alors les polynômes vectoriels pour calculer les coefficients de récurrence d'autres polynômes par l'algorithme de Chebyshev modifié vectoriel, généralisation du cas scalaire pour lequel nous démontrons des critères de stabilité. Finalement, l'algorithme de Chebyshev modifié est utilisé pour étudier l'évolution temporelle du système dynamique semi-infini de Toda-Langmuir. Dans ce système, les particules sont sur le semi-axe réel et elles interagissent suivant une loi exponentielle décroissante. L'approche utilisée pour résoudre le problème est, encore une fois, innovante. En effet, j'étudie seulement les n premières particules et je m'intéresse à l'erreur commise sur l'évolution lorsque l'on tronque le système à N>>n quantités c'est-à-dire que l'on travaille avec un système fini. Je présente l'étude théorique de l'erreur, où je réutilise nos résultats sur la stabilité de l'algorithme de Chebyshev modifié, ainsi que des exemples numériques.

Une nouvelle approche non-perturbative à la Onsager en systèmes intégrables quantiques est développée, dont les idées maîtresses prennent leurs racines dans l'article de L. Onsager (1944) portant sur la solution exacte du modèle d'Ising en deux dimensions. L'intérêt de cette approche repose sur le fait qu'elle est applicable de façon systématique dans le cas oú d'autres méthodes usuelles échouent. Celle-ci repose sur l'étude de quatres éléments capitaux: (i) L'identification de l'algèbre non-Abélienne de dimension infinie généralisant l'algèbre de Onsager et représentant la condition d'intégrabilité du modèle; (ii) La construction d'une hiérarchie de quantités en involution formant une sous-algèbre Abélienne; (iii) L'étude des réalisations et représentations de dimension finie et infinie de cette algèbre; (iv) La résolution du modèle à l'aide de ces données. Pour un modèle de référence - la chaîne de spin XXZ de taille finie avec conditions aux bords intégrables - la nouvelle approche basée sur l'algèbre q-Onsager introduite par P. Terwilliger est utilisée pour résoudre le problème spectral (spectre en énergie et états propres) dans le régime de paramètres génériques où l'ansatz de Bethe est inapplicable. Certaines étapes essentielles à l'obtention des fonctions de corrélations dans la limite thermodynamique du modèle sont aussi franchies, s'inspirant de la méthode de M. Jimbo et al.. La généralisation associée à toute algèbre de Lie affine de l'algèbre q-Onsager est proposée, et permet de classifier toutes les conditions d'intégrabilité dans les théories de Toda affines avec bord. Diverses perspectives sont enfin présentées.

An efficient housing finance system has significant importance both in meeting the housing needs of individuals and in reinforcing the development of the construction, finance and other related sectors of an economy. Today, developed countries have advanced housing finance systems in which funds flow from savers to home-buyers by the mortgage markets. On the other hand, despite its recognized economic and social importance, housing finance often remains under-developed in developing countries mainly due to the lack of macroeconomic stability. Turkey, being a developing country, has made an important step towards the development of a mortgage system with the passage of the new Mortgage Law by the Parliament. Accordingly, the purpose of this thesis is to examine the applicability of mortgage system in Turkey. For this purpose, housing finance systems of some developed and developing countries are reviewed, and the housing finance system in Turkey is explained. Further, causality between the total amount of housing loans issued, inflation and nominal interest rates in Turkey is analyzed with the Toda-Yamamoto VAR approach. VAR analysis shows the negative impact of nominal interest rates on the total amount of housing loans issued in Turkey. To sum up, considering its economic and social environment, Turkey has adapted best international experiences, and it is possible for a mortgage system to develop in the country by the new mortgage legislation combined with the lower interest rates as inflation declines.

Eduard Toda va publicar Son Notém en Tebas al 1887. En aquest treball Eduard Toda donava tota mena de detalls sobre el descobriment d'una tomba trobada intacta al poblat de Deir-el-Medina, la TT1 (Theban Tomb nº 1), la tomba del "Servidor en el Lloc de la Veritat, Sennedjem". La tomba havia estat descoberta el 1886 i molts han estat els estudiosos que han parlat de la tomba i Deir-el-Medina, però, en canvi, poc s'ha parlat dels objectes que en ella es van trobar.Sennedjem era "Servidor en el Lloc de la Veritat a l'Oest de Tebes", títol que portaven alguns treballadors o artesans que construïen i decoraven les tombes dels faraons de la XVIII fins la XX dinastia, a la Vall dels Reis. Sennedjem era un artesà que visqué a Deir-el-Medina entre els regnats de Setos I i Ramesses II. Va ser enterrat en aquesta tomba juntament amb altres membres de la seva família, almenys la seva esposa, Iineferti, el seu fill Khonsu i la seva esposa Tamaket, i d'altresEls objectius d'aquest treball han estat:1. Realitzar un catàleg exhaustiu de totes les peces que hi havia a l'interior de la tomba de Sennedjem. Aquest catàleg està format per una fitxa específica per cada peça, que inclou nom de la peça, localització actual, material, mides, descripció, bibliografia i fotografia. El fet de donar noms propis ens ajudarà a establir relacions entre ells.2. Establir una relació entre les peces estudiades i els personatges als quals pertanyen: relacions de parentiu, situació social, etc. Com comprovarem en el treball, la tomba de Sennedjem es va ocupar durant vàries generacions. Sennedjem va ser el primer propietari, però també es van fer enterrar els seus fills i les seves esposes. Aquesta relació s'establirà després d'un anàlisi dels textos i, per tant, dels noms que apareixen escrits a la tomba. L'anàlisi també ens portarà a concloure que Sennedjem era un simple paleta.3. Fer un anàlisi comparatiu entre els textos del Llibre dels Morts de la cambra amb altres papirs coneguts. Els textos corresponents al Llibre dels Morts que trobem a la decoració de la cambra funerària de la tomba de Sennedjem s'han comparat amb coneguts papirs i manuscrits. L'objectiu d'aquesta comparació ha estat doble: per una banda hem aclarit algunes paraules o expressions que a la tomba de Sennedjem no quedaven clares o bé per la mala qualitat de les pintures (o millor dit, les fotografies a les que hem tingut accés) o algunes errades que hem trobat en els apunts de Bruyère. En la majoria dels casos ens hem servit dels apunts propis presos in situ. Un problema pel seu estudi és que tot el corredor, tant parets com sostre, s'havia protegit mitjançant unes xarxes que impossibilitaven la visió i encara menys les fotografies d'aquesta part. De manera que sobretot en el corredor ens hem de remetre als textos copiats de Bruyère. L'altre objectiu per la comparació dels textos era la d'aportar més dades referents a noves variants o variants poc conegudes que poguessin aparèixer en els textos de la tomba i que ajudessin a una major comprensió dels diferents capítols, cosa que pot ajudar a precisar, per exemple, quins papirs o versions del Llibre dels Morts van ser més properes a Sennedjem, i, per tant, ajustar la cronologia de la tomba. A més a més, com veurem, també ens servirem del treball de M. Puvill per comparar els textos de la cambra de Nefertari amb els de Sennedjem. En aquest últim cas, comprovarem les grans similituds entre ambdós, fet que ens ajudarà a precisar la cronologia d'aquesta tomba i situar-la en època de Ramsesses II. / The tomb of Sennedjem, situated in the workmen village of Deir-el-Medina, was first excavated by a Catalan diplomat named Eduard Toda. Dr. Padró has been investigating about him for the past years and he proposed to update and extend Eduard Toda's work about the objects found in the tomb that are now scattered in many museums around the world. This was a challenging project because it implied to visit as many museums as possible. Our work would allow collecting in a catalogue the various objects and investigating and classifying their typology. Toda made an inventory of the objects found in the tomb. That has been our departure point. However, as it will be clear as a conclusion of this work, some of the objects have now been lost and some others were not mentioned by Toda.Therefore, the objectives of this work have been:1. To made a comprehensive catalogue of all the pieces that where found inside the tomb of Sennedjem.2. To find a relation between the investigated pieces and their owners: familiar relationships, social position, etc. The tomb of Sennedjem was used for several generations. A complete study of the texts of the tomb is made in order to compare the names and titles found there with the texts and inscriptions of the objects. The investigations leaded us to know that Sennedjem was a trowel.3. To compare the text of the Book of the Dead found in the tomb with known papyrus. The usual practice in the literature is to compare the Book of the Dead versions between papyrus or manuscripts. We decided to proceed in other way: compare known manuscripts with the chapters of the Book of the Dead found on the walls of the tomb of Sennedjem. This is used to find which version of the Book of the Dead is the closest to Sennedjem's tomb texts and therefore, more precisely date the tomb. We will also use the results of Mrs. Puvill work to compare the texts of Sennedjem's tomb with Nefertari's tomb. As will be shown later, both versions of the Book of the Dead are very similar.

Researchers tend to disagree on the direction of the relation among R&D and economic growth, suggesting that if economic performance determines R&D investments countries might overinvest in their R&D expenditure. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to shed new light to this question by first establishing a relation among the variables and thereafter investigate the Granger causality between them. This paper is based on a panel study consisting of 60 countries, with various levels of income during the period 1996-2015. Using a fixed effects model, we can establish a positive relation between growth in R&D expenditure and GDP growth and using Granger causality tests and the Toda-Yamamoto augmented Granger causality tests, we can conclude that the growth of R&D expenditure determines economic performance in the short-run for countries in all income levels, however no conclusions can be made regarding the direction of Granger causality in the long-run. Hence, our results show that R&D investments stimulate economic growth and should, to some extent, be favoured by policy regardless of a nation's level of development.