abstract: This dissertation is a study of place and the ways that place plays a role in the stories we tell about ourselves and the ways we interact with the world. It is also the study of a moment in time and how a moment can impact what came before and all that follows. By taking on the subject of 1920s anglophone modernism in France I explore the way this particular time and place drew upon the past and impacted the future of literary culture. Post World War I France serves as a fluid social, political, and cultural space and the moment is one of plural modernisms. I argue that the interwar period was a transnational moment that laid the groundwork for the kind of global interactions that are both positively and negatively impacting the world today. I maintain that the critical work connected to the influence of 1920s France on Modernism deserves a more interstitial analysis than we have seen, one that expressly challenges the national frameworks that lead to a monolithic focus on the specific identity politics attached to race, gender, class and sexuality. I promote instead a consideration of the articulations between all of these factors by expanding, connecting and providing contingencies for the difference within the unity and the similarities that exist beyond it. I consider the way that the idea, history, social culture and geography of France work as sources of literary innovation and as spaces of literary fantasy for three diverse anglophone modernist writers: Jean Rhys, Claude McKay and William Faulkner. Their interaction with the place and the people make for a complex web of articulated difference that is the very core of transnational modernism. By considering their use of place in modernist fiction, I question the centrality of Paris as a modernist topos that too often replaces any broader understanding of France as a diverse cultural and topographical space, and I question the nation-centric logic of modernist criticism that fails to recognize the complex ways that language in general and the English language in particular function in this particular expatriate modernist moment. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2016

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No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_ftb_dr_assis.pdf: 1681918 bytes, checksum: c62c145e84bf5b405be5cb27fc19d208 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-24 / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo, examinar os modos de subjetivação construídos por meio da migração, particularmente orientados pela perspectiva do transnacionalismo, a qual, fundamentalmente, procura focalizar os efeitos que as práticas dos imigrantes transnacionais produzem no nível da subjetividade dos sujeitos transmigrantes. O fenômeno do transnacionalismo não é um fenômeno novo, contudo, ganha visibilidade em virtude das facilidades oferecidas pelas tecnologias de informação, seguidas de outras importantes transformações ocorridas nas sociedades industriais e pós-industriais e, neste sentido, ele representa um campo novo de pesquisa, que trata de uma diversidade de atividades e comunidades que transpõe as fronteiras nacionais. Transmigrantes são, portanto, pessoas que vivem praticamente duas vidas: falam duas línguas, possuem casas em dois países e constroem seu cotidiano por meio de contatos transnacionais regulares. Tais atividades abarcam uma grande diversidade de ações (econômicas, políticas e socioculturais). A proposta metodológica deste estudo está respaldada na etnografia crítica, apoiada nas epistemologias pós-coloniais. O trabalho de campo consistiu em uma imersão no quotidiano da comunidade diaspórica angolana em São Paulo, de modo a acompanhar de perto as experiências da mesma, adentrar na convivência e estabelecer relações junto dos restantes membros, participando de diversas atividades realizadas pelos imigrantes. Também foram realizadas entrevistas como procedimento de suporte às observações, oferecendo, em muitos casos, elementos complementares às observações efetuadas no cotidiano. As principais conclusões deste trabalho resumem-se nas seguintes ideias: o fenômeno da imigração e a experiência da transnacionalidade, atualmente, são favorecidos pelas novas possibilidades de comunicação, propiciadas pelas tecnologias contemporâneas; a transmigração suscita a emergência de novas dinâmicas no processo de subjetivação dos imigrantes, que precisam ser mais bem compreendidos no campo da Psicologia, em suas articulações. Por fim, reivindica-se a criação de uma categoria de análise do fenômeno da transnacionalidade à luz da Psicologia, aqui designada por campo psicossocial transnacional. / The aim of this work is to examine the Immigrant subjectivity, particularly driven by the prospect of transnationalism which fundamentally seeks to focus the effects of the practices of transnational immigrants produce to the transmigrant subjectivity. Transnationalism is not a new phenomenon, however, gains visibility through the facilities offered by technology, followed by other important transformations in industrial and post-industrial society. In this sense it is a new field of research, which deals with a variety of activities and communities that spans national borders. Transmigrants are therefore people who practically live two lives: speak two languages, have homes in both countries and build their daily lives through regular transnational contacts. These activities cover a wide range of actions (economic, political and socio-cultural). The methodology of this work is supported in critical ethnography, and postcolonial epistemologies. Fieldwork consisted of an immersion in the daily life of the Angolan community in Brasil, São Paulo, in order to closely monitor the experiences of the same, enter the coexistence and establish relationships with the other members, participating in various activities carried out by immigrants. We conducted some interviews to support the observations we made, that give us complementary elements to of daily life. The main conclusions are summarized in the following ideas: the phenomenon of immigration and the experience of transnationality are currently favored by the new possibilities of communication afforded by contemporary technologies; transmigration raise the emergence of new dynamics in the immigrants subjective process that can help us to be better understood in the field of psychology the phenomenon in the area of affectivity and beyond. Finally we claim the creation of a new category for analysis of the nature of transnational phenomenon in the light of psychology, that we call transnational psychosocial field.

A presente dissertação constitui um estudo etnomusicológico do musicar de artistas imigrantes haitianos no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O trabalho etnográfico contemplou a observação-participante de eventos do grupo diaspórico haitiano, apresentações musicais, sessões de gravação, entrevistas e apresentações de programas de rádio feitas por e/ou com diversos artistas haitianos. A pesquisa foi fundamentada em trabalho colaborativo e participativo, no qual exerci uma função de mediação e tornei-me ator social dentro do próprio fenômeno, e incluiu trabalho netnográfico em redes sociais e de comunicação. Através de um olhar voltado à autonomia da migração, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar na produção e atuação musical de artistas imigrantes haitianos as dimensões e fluxos transnacionais, as questões de cosmopolitismo inerentes à condição diaspórica de haitianos enquanto imigrantes negros no Brasil, a manutenção e reposicionamento de identidades socioculturais assim como tensões ligadas à religião e a processos de construção de alteridade racial. / The present thesis constitutes an ethnomusicological study of the musicking of Haitian immigrant artists in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The ethnographic work consisted in participant-observation conducted in events of the Haitian diasporic group, musical performances, recording sessions, interviews and radio broadcasting, done with/by various Haitian artists. The research was based in a collaborative and participative work ethos, in which I exercised the role of mediator and social actor within the actual phenomenon studied, and included virtual fieldwork in social and communication networks. By means of an autonomy of migration gaze, the purpose of this work was to analyze, through the music of Haitian immigrant artists: transnational flows and dimensions, issues of cosmopolitanism inherent to the Haitian condition as black migrants in Brazil, the maintenance and repositioning of sociocultural identities, as well as anxieties regarding religion and processes of racial othering.

abstract: The children of immigrants who arrived in the United States in the 1980s now make up one of the fastest growing components of American society. They face unique and interesting pressures as they incorporate aspects of their parents' heritage into their contemporary American lives. The purpose of this dissertation is to offer an in-depth look at the 1.5 and second generation by examining how the immigrant descendants negotiate assimilative pressures, transnational practices, and ethnic identification. Using ethnographic research methods, such as participant observation and in-depth interviews, I researched the children of immigrants, ages 18-30, living in northwest Arkansas, who have at least one immigrant parent from Latin America. This research is important because non-traditional receiving towns, especially more rural localities, are often overlooked by scholarly studies of migration in favor of larger metropolitan centers (e.g., Los Angeles, Chicago). Studying immigrant descendants in smaller towns that are becoming increasingly populated by Hispanic/Latinos will create a better understanding of how a new generation of immigrants is assimilating into American society and culture. To increase awareness on the Hispanic/Latino 1.5 and second generation living in small town America and to offer potential solutions to facilitate an upwardly mobile future for this population, my dissertation explores a number of research questions. First, how is this population assimilating to the U.S.? Second, are members of the 1.5 and second generation transnational? How active is this transnational lifestyle? Will transnationalism persist as they grow older? Third, how does this population identify themselves ethnically? I also pay particular attention to the relationships among assimilation, transnationalism, and ethnic identity. My dissertation documents the lived experiences of the 1.5 and second generation in northwest Arkansas. The children of immigrants are one of the fastest growing groups nationwide. To understand their world and the lives they lead is to understand the new fabric of American society. I anticipate that the results from this research can be used to facilitate easier transitions to the U.S. among current and prospective immigrant generations, ensuring a brighter outlook for the future of the newest members of U.S. society. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Anthropology 2014

A presente tese trata sobre migrações irregulares entre a África Ocidental e a América do Sul. Trata-se de jovens em contextos urbanos que abordam navios de carga de forma clandestina nos principais portos dos centros comerciais da região. Eles partem sem um destino certo e sua viagem pode ter diferentes desenvolvimentos. Às vezes são devolvidos à terra mesmo antes da partida; outras, são achados pela tripulação durante a viagem, ou já no lugar de destino pelas autoridades do porto. Nesses casos, podem ser deportados ao país de origem ou qualquer outro da África, ou permanecer no lugar de chegada como refugiados ou migrantes. Também se registram casos em que os passageiros clandestinos são lançados ao mar à deriva, onde podem ser resgatados por outras embarcações. O trabalho se baseia na etnografia realizada na América do Sul - em Venezuela, Uruguai e Argentina - e na África Ocidental - Nigéria e Gana. Analisa-se esse tipo de migrações em relação a dinâmicas demográficas mais amplas, nos dois polos do percurso migratório. De uma perspectiva transnacional, se vinculam esses locais com outros possíveis destinos futuros onde imaginam dar continuidade ao processo migratório. Esses destinos se relacionam às formas em que os migrantes descrevem sua experiência de deslocamento como a possibilidade de continuar sempre em movimento. No local de origem se analisam as formas em que os jovens constroem seus projetos migratórios, em relação às variáveis de gênero e idade, que são determinantes para entender a posição que eles ocupam na comunidade. No local de destino, se analisam os processos de integração a partir das definições cotidianas e jurídicas em que eles se inscrevem e que lhes são atribuídas pela sociedade englobante. Dentro dessas categorias, as diferenças de cor, lidas como diferenças raciais, têm um lugar particular, como uma das formas mais violentas de classificação às quais se vêm expostos. Observam-se os processos migratórios em perspectiva, vinculando a experiência desses jovens com os conceitos de diásporas nacionais e diáspora negra. / This dissertation aims to study irregular migrations between Western Africa and South America. It analyzes young people in urban contexts who covertly approach cargo ships in the main trade ports of the Western Africa region. They depart without pre-defined destinations and their trip can result in unforeseen consequences. Sometimes they are returned home before they depart. Sometimes ship crews find them during the trip and sometimes local authorities find them at the final destination. Once they are identified, they can be deported to their home country or to any other African country, or they can stay at the destination country as refugees or migrants. There are also some cases of clandestine passengers who are left adrift at sea, where they can possibly be rescued by other watercrafts. This dissertation, based on an ethnographic research with a number of such migrants, was carried out in South America (Venezuela, Uruguay, and Argentina) and in Western Africa (Nigeria and Ghana). Their "irregular" form of migration is analyzed considering a wide range of demographic dynamics on both the origin and destination side of the migratory journey. The transnational perspective is useful for understanding the social environment in which these young people operate. They understand and describe their displacement experience as a perpetual search for another migratory opportunity. First, the characteristics of these young people's migratory projects are analyzed in relation to gender and age cohorts, which are determinant of their societal position in their original communities. Second, the migrants' social and legal integration are analyzed through the migrants' perception of themselves in the host society and the host society's perception of the migrants. Racial and ethnic differences, being one of the most violent forms of "categorization" faced by the migrants, play a significant role in these perceptions. These migratory processes are observed through the use of comparative lenses, linking the experience of these young people with the social concepts of the National and African Diaspora. / La presente tesis versa sobre migraciones irregulares entre África Occidental y América del Sur. Se trata de jóvenes en contextos urbanos que abordan los navíos de forma clandestina en los principales centros comerciales de la región. En diferentes situaciones, ellos parten sin un destino cierto y su viaje puede tener diferentes desarrollos. Algunas veces son devueltos a tierra incluso antes de la partida, otras encontrados por la tripulación durante el viaje o ya en el lugar de destino por las autoridades del puerto. En esos casos pueden ser deportados al país de origen, a cualquier otro país en África o permanecer en el país de destino, con refugiados o migrantes. También se registran casos en que los pasajeros clandestinos son lanzados al mar a la deriva donde son rescatados por otras embarcaciones. El trabajo se basa en la etnografía realizada en América del Sur - Venezuela, Uruguay y Argentina - y en África Occidental - Nigeria y Ghana. Se analiza este fenómeno específico en relación con dinámicas demográficas más amplias en los dos polos de trayecto migratorio. Desde una perspectiva transnacional, se vinculan esos dos lugares con otros destinos donde los migrantes imaginan dar continuidad al proceso, relacionados a las formas en que describen su experiencia, como una actitud de estar siempre en movimiento. En el lugar de partida se analizan las formas en que los jóvenes construyen el proyecto de migrar, en relación con las variables de género y edad, que son determinantes para entender la posición que ocupan en la comunidad. En el lugar de destino se analizan los procesos de integración a partir de las definiciones informales y jurídicas en que ellos mismos se inscriben y que les son atribuidas por la sociedad englobante. Dentro de esas categorías, las diferencias de color, leídas como diferencias raciales, tienen un lugar particular, ya que son vividas como una de las situaciones más violentas a las que se ven expuestos. Se observan los procesos migratorios en perspectiva, vinculando la experiencia de estos jóvenes con los conceptos de diásporas nacionales y diáspora negra.

O presente trabalho estuda a atuação de organizações da sociedade civil brasileiras no Mercosul por meio de uma dupla estratégia: o uso de repertórios tradicionais de protesto/mobilização social e participação em canais institucionais de diálogo. A revisão da literatura mostra que estas duas dimensões da ação têm sido tratadas de forma fragmentada em grande parte das contribuições teóricas sobre o tema. A partir do estudo da atuação de de organizações da sociedade civil no tema da integração regional, os objetivos deste trabalho são compreender como mobilizam simultaneamente estas duas estratégias e, desta forma, contribuir com o debate na área sobre o transnacionalismo e a influência de atores não estatais no campo das Relações Internacionais. / This thesis studies the activities of Brazilian civil society organizations in Mercosur through a dual strategy: the use of traditional repertoires of protest/social mobilization and participation in institutional channels for dialogue. The literature review shows that these two dimensions of action have been treated in a fragmented way in much of the theoretical work on the issue. Based on the activities of social actors in the regional integration process, the goals of this research are to understand how these actors simultaneously mobilize those strategies, and thus to contribute to the debate on transnationalism and the influence of non-state actors in the International Relations field.

Esta pesquisa é o resultado das observações de caráter etnográfico sobre um recorte proposto para um quadro específico de circulação migratória transnacional. A partir da abordagem de um caso específico, a emigração é tomada de diversas escalas de análise, mas com ênfase sobre os modos pelos quais ela é produzida e significada na esfera lo-cal. O quadro enfocado remete aos movimentos sazonais de afastamento e retorno dos emigrantes da aldeia de Vilas Boas, no interior nordeste de Portugal. Procurei seguir os agentes pelos seus deslocamentos entre o contexto de partida e os contextos de destino para os quais rumaram, sem por isso perder de vista a aldeia como foco de seu interesse e da participação social. A maior parte do trabalho de campo, no entanto, se deu no con-texto de retorno massivo dos emigrantes para a aldeia para a ocasião de celebração da festa religiosa local. Nesse contexto são observadas as diferentes maneiras pelas quais as o contingente emigrante se relaciona com o grupo que reside na aldeia, bem como os modos pelos quais constroem sua participação na festa e na vida social local. Trata-se, portanto, de uma reflexão sobre práticas que sustentam transnacionalmente relações sociais e as atualizam no reencontro ocasionado pelo retorno. / This research is the result of ethnographic observations about a proposed cut to a partic-ular frame of transnational migratory movement. From the approach of a specific case, emigration is taken from different scales of analysis, but with emphasis on the ways in which it is produced and meant at the local level. The frame refers to the seasonal movements focused on departure and return of emigrants from the village of Vilas Bo-as, northeast of Portugal. I seek to follow the agents for their displacements between the context of departure and destination contexts for which they headed, without losing the perspective of the village as the focus of interest in social participation of agents. Most of the field work, however, occurred in the context of massive return of migrants to the village for the celebration of a religious festival site. In this context are observed the different ways in which the emigrant group relates to the people residing in the village as well as the ways in which their participation in making the party and the local social life. It is, therefore, a reflection on practices that sustain social relations transnationally and update the reunion caused by return.

Cette recherche de doctorat interdisciplinaire examine ce qu’Østergaard-Nielsen (2003) a appelé « homeland politics », c’est-à-dire les activités politiques des migrants et des réfugiés relatives à la politique intérieure ou extérieure de leur pays d’origine. Cette thèse se concentre sur deux études de cas, Vienne et Paris, et les personnes et les groupes qui ont tenté d'influencer la politique pendant et après les soulèvements en Egypte (2011-2013). Mon intérêt porte notamment sur l'identification de ces activistes, de leurs réseaux et des raisons de leur participation politique. Mon deuxième intérêt vise le rôle des médias sociaux comme outil de la contestation transnationale. La thèse est divisée en trois parties. La première adopte une approche macro et trace le contexte dans lequel les pratiques transnationales des migrants égyptiens et leurs enfants ont eu lieu, en mettant l'accent sur les politiques d'émigration, d'immigration et d’intégration. La deuxième partie contient l’analyse de mes données empiriques à un niveau micro et décrit les différents types d’activistes transnationaux, leurs argumentations politiques, leurs réseaux et stratégies. Elle donne également un aperçu de leur utilisation Facebook. La troisième partie est une contribution théorique au transnationalisme politique : elle soulève la question de savoir si nous assistons aujourd'hui à l'émergence d'une société civile transnationale égyptienne et développe ensuite un cadre analytique des déterminants qui influencent la « politique de la patrie ». / This interdisciplinary PhD project examines what Østergaard-Nielsen (2003) calls ‘homeland politics’, namely the political activities of migrants and refugees who aim to influence the domestic or foreign policy of their country of origin. It focuses on two case studies, Vienna and Paris, and examines the people and groups who tried to influence politics during and after the uprisings in Egypt (2011-2013). It focuses particularly on the identification of transnational activists, their networks and their motives of their political participation. It further analyzes the role of social media as a tool for transnational politics. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first adopts a macro-level approach and traces the context in which transnational practices of Egyptian migrants and their children take place, by focusing on emigration, immigration and immigrant policies. The second is an empirical analysis on the micro-level and describes different types of transnational activists, their argumentations, networks, and strategies. This includes a comprehensive analysis of their use of Facebook. The third part is a theoretical contribution to political transnationalism by discussing the limits of Egyptian transnational civil society today and by developing an analytical framework for factors which influence homeland politics.

(in English): This paper is concerned with the interrelation among social structures and individual agency in the migration process. Aim of the thesis is to contextually explain motivations and strategies of two Czech generations who migrated to Berlin. It focuses on generation of Czechs who left homeland between 1968-1989 and migration generation who moved after the accession of The Czech Republic to the European Union. The accent put on the time(s) and place(s) in the migration process enables to compare generations, and is the key to understanding interaction of structures and agency. Theoretical and methodological framework is formed by the concept of the theory of practices from Karen O'Reilly (2012), to interpret the meaning of the time(s) the life course perspective was used, the meaning of place(s) was interpreted by the concept of migration networks and transnationalism. The core of the empirical part is analysis of ethnographic material concerning notes from participant observation and narrative in-depth interviews with biographical elements (micro-level). The interpretation of motivations and strategies of the migration as well as social ties and practice is set in broader structures and events context i.e. historical and geographic relationship between the countries and the political...

This study deals with Czech speakers in Australia, focusing on their use of the Czech and English languages as tools of belonging to a community. Its aim is to discuss the situation of Czech speakers on the continent from the perspective of a small Czech language in an English-speaking country. The starting point for the study is scientific publications on bilingualism, multilingualism and transnationalism issued in the Czech and English-speaking environments. Another source is books about the history of the immigration and language policies in Australia and about the Australian identity. Finally, the methods involve field research based on participant observation of groups of Czechs in social networks and during Czech church services in Sydney in November 2015. Fieldwork is also based on semi-structured interviews which took place in Australia between August 2014 and January 2016. They were intended to study the reality of Czech speakers in Australia and to illustrate the theories on the use of language by bilingual speakers in the Australian context. The first part of this study gives the theoretical background to the notions of transnationalism, belonging to a group, bilingualism and changes in language use. The second part focuses on language and immigration policies of the states of Australia...