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Douglas Adams and Jonathan Swift are satirists who lived and worked 250 years apart. Swift's eighteenth-century text, Gulliver's Travels, tells the story of an Englishman's adventures during numerous sea voyages that bring him into contact with fantastical peoples and places. Adams's twentieth-century text, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, relates a hapless Englishman's trials and tribulations during an intergalactic voyage which takes him and his companions to bizarre destinations. This study considers key similarities and differences between the texts. Resonances between Gulliver's celestial navigation in the eighteenth century and Arthur Dent's navigation among those very heavenly bodies in the twentieth century are explored. The novels are examined for evidence of satire, the travel genre, proto science fiction and mock science fiction and for generic similarities between the works. Through a process of elimination, Gulliver's and Arthur Dent's respective journeys are abstracted, summarised and represented graphically. Communication theory and linguistic trends during the Enlightenment and the twentieth century, as well as the science and technology of each era are also briefly reviewed. This study finds that, through the exploitation of the journey as literary device which allows Gulliver and Arthur Dent to view England and Earth from different places and from different times, both Swift and Adams are able to comment on and satirise humankind. The illustrations of the journeys highlight the differences between the two novels in terms of structure and adherence to markers of time and place. Lemuel Gulliver's journeys are shown to be radial voyages with England as the core location of departures and arrivals, whereas Arthur's appear to be random and follow neither the expected and known rules of travel, nor the laws of time and space. The study furthermore considers the nature of the locations visited and finds resemblances and differences between the authors' and readers' known worlds, and the fictitious worlds described. This naturally leads to a consideration of the degree of alienation experienced by the protagonists and, indeed, humanity. Finally, the texts are examined for communication problems faced by the protagonists. The conclusion of this study suggests that in Gulliver's Travels and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy both Adams and Swift show their awareness that language is not neutral, and that it possesses the power to entertain, inform, deceive and destroy. Both texts function metonymically to highlight the perilous complexity of the human condition and show that humanity's journey through space/time in the twentieth century remains as treacherous as one by sea during the Enlightenment. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / English / MA / Unrestricted

El presente proyecto propone un servicio diferenciado de entretenimiento para los adultos mayores que muchas veces son privados de viajes y actividades de placer debido al gran cuidado que necesitan. Las necesidades que hemos identificado son los cuidados especiales para las personas de esta edad frente a viajes cortos y largos, donde puedan ser transportados y atendidos de una forma diferenciada, así mismo actualmente no hay muchas agencias o plataformas que ofrezcan este servicio diferenciado, otorgando promociones u ofertas para este público objetivo. Se han realizado estudios de mercado como encuestas y entrevistas a posibles clientes con la finalidad de conocer los factores determinantes que influyen en la decisión para adquirir un servicio de relajo especializado en el adulto mayor. Por otro lado, se ha logrado identificar que hay un gran número de posibles clientes (jubilados o adultos mayores con tiempo libre) entre los que pueden pagar por el servicio, así como clientes indirectos que pueden pagar este servicio para sus padres principalmente. Este proyecto busca brindar el servicio diferenciado de entretenimiento que incluye viajes y actividades de placer para los adultos mayores, cuidando su salud e integridad mediante un servicio de calidad a lo largo del Perú, por lo que el plan de marketing nos permitirá constituir la empresa, así como diseñar el plan de operaciones, las estrategias y financiación del proyecto. / This project proposes a differentiated entertainment service for the elderly who are often deprived of trips and leisure activities due to the great care they need. The needs we have identified are special care for people of this age compared to short and long trips, where they can be transported and cared for in a differentiated way, likewise currently there are not many agencies or platforms that offer this differentiated service, granting promotions u offers for this target audience. Market studies such as surveys and interviews with potential clients have been carried out with the purpose of knowing the determining factors that influence the decision to acquire a specialized relaxation service in the elderly. On the other hand, it has been possible to identify that there are a large number of potential clients (retired or elderly with free time) among those who can pay for the service, as well as indirect clients who can pay this service for their parents mainly. This project seeks to provide a differentiated entertainment service that includes travel and leisure activities for the elderly, taking care of their health and integrity through a quality service throughout Peru, so the marketing plan will allow us to set up the company, as well as design the operations plan, strategies and financing of the project. / Trabajo de investigación

Any work of art, by definition, is so designated because it speaks to all generations, irrespective of time or place, and regardless of artistic, political, economic, or ideological fads. To accept a work as art with anything less than these universalities is blind acceptance and pure idolatry. Each generation must determine the validity of the label art by determining the relevance of the work to its own generations. Unless a work of art can successfully meet such a test, the label is no more than a gentleman's agreement among self-designated arbiters of taste. Two recent critics, writing on the philosophy of literary criticism, have defined what is perhaps the best test which a work of art must meet. Both agree that a work of art must go beyond the contemporary concern of the author. Swift’s “controversies,” particularly his famous indictment of men, have neve lapsed into memories, for the assertions Johnathan Swift makes about man in Gulliver’s fourth voyage are incontrovertible. And were it not so, his indictment of man is a valid one. Hopefully, however -- and Swift held out such hope -- the course of human history may be altered.

This thesis consists of three personal essays and a postface, in part experiments in genre, mode, and structure, and in large part explorations of the meanings of specific places in culture and on the self-definition of the observer-writer, the first essay being set in Florida and centered at Disneyworld; the second consisting of fragments of observations along the route from St. Augustine to Washington, D.C., and ending with a brief fiction; the third, a speculative/anti-speculative rumination over many things, including meaning, death, faith, and enshrinement, and set in Illinois, Missouri, and South Africa; and the postface a theoretical/descriptive theoretical defense of the thesis, all of which is abstracted in this abstract.

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My study utilizes ecocriticism, eco-Marxism, and posthumanism to discover how the sympathetic practices of both reading and ecology provide us with what I call an oiko-logic. Specifically, I read Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy, Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick, and John Williams’ Butcher’s Crossing. In Gulliver’s Travels we see Gulliver as an ecological threat in every journey, and Swift says that this is because we forget ourselves and deliberately choose to not attune—sometimes even choosing destruction. For Swift, we bungle things no matter which system we try, and we create degenerative devolution despite the fact that we can help. Sterne’s fundamental ecological question is how people and the entities they dwell with (living and non-living) have real interactions—which means considering domestication’s bilateralism. Humans and animals can interact beneficently in Sterne’s work, and individualism becomes oiko-logically untenable since calculations of value and affordability must include others. In Moby-Dick the whale’s values are more moral than Ahab’s, and through comparisons available in the text of Moby-Dick we begin to see inside Melville’s eco-values to the impact of a heroic animal agency as Moby-Dick follows his values—while our conscience hangs in crooked corridors. In Butcher’s Crossing and representations of buffalo slaughter, correlative human-animal experiences of thirst, ferality, and slaughter are contrasted with western bison hunters on the plains and aliens in such a way that the alien is between humanity and itself. In oiko-logic, literature and ecology share a sympathetic practice similar to the Native American sensibility of Mitakuye Oyasin: “all my relations.”

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516 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-29T15:52:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Biagio Avena.pdf: 3466164 bytes, checksum: 4792c9ce4588945620649bfd0570431e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-10T19:52:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Biagio Avena.pdf: 3466164 bytes, checksum: 4792c9ce4588945620649bfd0570431e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-10T19:52:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Biagio Avena.pdf: 3466164 bytes, checksum: 4792c9ce4588945620649bfd0570431e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / As viagens e o turismo apresentam grande potencialidade formativa e educativa no Brasil, na França e no mundo. Contudo sua importância ainda precisa ser compreendida. Para tanto, se faz necessário considerar tanto seus aspectos psico-sociais, históricos, econômicos e culturais quanto a produção de conhecimentos que subsidiem um comportamento de acolhida adequado. A educação em turismo é uma alternativa para a transformação do processo de acolhimento em espaços de viagem, turismo e lazer. E o acolhimento é o elemento capaz de unificar os significados da viagem e do turismo. Este estudo, na interseção da educação, da viagem e do turismo, aborda experiências de aprendizagem, de formação e de educação pelas viagens (EAFEV) a fim de contribuir para a formação do docente e do profissional bem como dos viajantes confrontados a outras culturas e a uma possível (trans)formação deles próprios. Centrado nas realidades brasileira e francesa, reflete um panorama tanto nacional quanto internacional que poderá informar outros estudos em diferentes regiões e países. Para subsidiar a elaboração de uma pedagogia da viagem, do turismo e do acolhimento, busca-se apresentar um itinerário de estudos e reflexões para um futuro delineamento de uma proposta pedagógica que integre saberes, conhecimentos e práticas em relação às EAFEV; abordar, identificar e estudar as EAFEV; realizar uma cartografia do ensino e da pesquisa nesses campos no Brasil e na França; recuperar, socializar e difundir o conteúdo de obras não disponíveis no Brasil; contribuir para o repensar da formação/educação em turismo (no Brasil e no exterior). A abordagem multirreferencial na perspectiva de uma bricolagem metodológica tornou possível estudar tanto as viagens, o viajante, o turismo e o turista quanto a formação e a educação em turismo. Para isto uma ampla pesquisa da literatura nacional e internacional dos campos em foco foi desenvolvida. Uma cartografia foi elaborada por meio das categorias analíticas: pesquisa em turismo; formação pela viagem; educação pela viagem; formação para a viagem; educação para a viagem; formação em turismo e educação em turismo. São utilizadas igualmente as categorias ―desejo e ―viagem. Verificou-se que os estudiosos da área ressaltam a relevância das viagens na transformação do sujeito, evidenciando diversos aspectos do seu significado e contribuições no âmbito da Cultura, da Antropologia, da Filosofia, da História, da Literatura e da Mitologia. Observa-se a necessidade de uma modificação da formação dos sujeitos que possibilite o seu autoconhecimento e a construção de um comportamento sustentável. Aponta-se para a necessidade de compreender a importância das EAFEV e seus significados e contribuições à (trans)formação do sujeito-viajante; de considerar os equipamentos e serviços turísticos como espaços de aprendizagem e os profissionais das viagens, do turismo e do acolhimento como agentes pedagógicos; de utilizar o Mapa Conceitual como base para a reflexão dos docentes e coordenadores pedagógicos destacando os aspectos fundamentais a serem considerados na organização dos currículos de formação com vistas à superação das lacunas identificadas na formação discutida neste estudo. / Salvador

Transportval vid tjänsteresor är en viktig fråga då universitet och högskolor var en av de tre myndigheter med högst mängd utsläpp från tjänsteresor för året 2017. Det är särskilt viktigt för Linnéuniversitetet som är miljöcertifierat och har en Mötesoch Resepolicy för att minska sina utsläpp. Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på vilka faktorer som påverkar universitetsanställdas val av transportsätt vid tjänsteresor samt vad som krävs för att målgruppen ska välja de mer miljövänliga alternativen. Metoden som användes var en webbenkät i kombination med en conjointanalys för att få både kvantitativa och kvalitativa resultat. Den yrkesgrupp som var mest representerad av respondenterna var Teknisk- och Administrativ personal vars syfte med tjänsteresan främst var möten och konferenser. Resultaten från studien visade att de avgörande faktorerna för respondenterna var tid, kostnad, miljö, pålitlighet och inverkan på fritid. Det som respondenterna ansåg krävdes för att de skulle välja tåg över flyg var möjlighet till flextid under restiden, att övernattningar beviljas av universitetet samt förbättrad kollektivtrafik. / Transport choice for business travel is an important matter since universities and colleges were one of the top three authorities with the highest amount of emissions from business travels for the year of 2017. It is especially important for the Linnaeus University which has an environmental management certificate and has a Meeting-and Travel policy to reduce their emissions. The purpose of this study was to find out the factors which affect the choice of transport on business trips for university employees as well as what is required for the target group to choose the more environmentally friendly alternatives. The method that was used was a web survey in combination with a conjoint analysis to get both quantitative and qualitative results. The results from the study showed that the deciding factors for the respondents were time, cost, environment, reliability and impact on leisure time. The occupational group which was most represented by the respondents was Technical- and Administrative personnel whose purpose with the business trip mainly was meetings and conferences. That which the respondents deemed as required for them to choose train over plane was the possibility for flex during the travel time, for overnight stays to be granted by the university as well as improved public transport.