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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelaAGU_DISSERT.pdf: 6376152 bytes, checksum: 6d7d86fec335062b8c283cdea3878878 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Inflammation has been pointed out as an important factor in development of chronic diseases, as diabetes. Hyperglycemia condition would be responsible by toll-like receptors, TLR2 and TLR4, and, consequently by local and systemic inflammation induction. Thus, the objective of present study was to evaluate type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) pro-inflammatory state through mRNA expression of TLRs 2 and 4 and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1?, IL-6 and TNF-? correlating to diabetic nephropathy. In order to achieve this objective, 76 T1DM patients and 100 normoglycemic (NG) subjects aged between 6 and 20 years were evaluated. T1DM subjects were evaluated as a total group DM1, and considering glycemic control (good glycemic control DM1G, and poor glycemic control DM1P) and considering time of diagnosis (before achieving 5 years of diagnosis DM1< 5yrs, and after achieving 5 years of diagnosis DM1 <5yrs). Metabolic control was evaluated by glucose and glycated hemoglobin concentrations; to assess renal function serum urea, creatinine, albumin, total protein and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio were determined and to evaluate hepatic function, AST and ALT serum activities were measured. Pro-inflammatory status was assessed by mRNA expression of TLRs 2 and 4 and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1?, IL-6 and TNF-?. Except for DM1G group (18.4%), DM1NC patients (81.6%) showed a poor glycemic control, with glycated hemoglobin (11,2%) and serum glucose (225,5 md/dL) concentrations significantly increased in relation to NG group (glucose: 76,5mg/dL and glycated hemoglobin: 6,9%). Significantly enhanced values of urea (20%) and ACR (20,8%) and diminished concentrations of albumin (5,7%) and total protein (13,6%) were found in T1DM patients, mainly associated to a poor glycemic control (DM1P increased values of urea: 20% and ACR:49%, and diminished of albumin: 13,6% and total protein:13,6%) and longer disease duration (DM1 <5yrs - increased values of urea: 20% and ACR:20,8%, and diminished of albumin: 14,3% and total protein:13,6%). As regarding pro-inflammatory status evaluation, significantly increased mRNA expressions were presented for TLR2 (37,5%), IL-1? (43%), IL-6 (44,4%) and TNF-? (15,6%) in T1DM patients in comparison to NG, mainly associated to DM1P (poor glycemic control TLR2: 82%, IL-1?: 36,8% increase) and DM1 <5yrs (longer time of diagnosis TLR2: 85,4%, IL-1?: 46,5% increased) groups. Results support the existence of an inflammatory state mediated by an increased expression of TLR2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1?, IL-6 and TNF-? in T1DM / A inflama??o tem sido descrita como um fator importante no desenvolvimento de doen?as cr?nicas como o diabetes, e a condi??o da hiperglicemia seria a respons?vel pela ativa??o dos receptores toll-like (TLRs), TLR2 e TLR4, e, conseq?entemente, pela indu??o da inflama??o local e sist?mica. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo de avaliar o estado pr?-inflamat?rio do Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) atrav?s da express?o g?nica de TLRs 2 e 4 e das citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias IL-1?, IL-6 e TNF- ?, e correlacionar com o desenvolvimento da nefropatia diab?tica. Foram estudados 76 pacientes diab?ticos tipo 1 e 100 indiv?duos normoglic?micos NG, na faixa et?ria de 6 a 20 anos. Os indiv?duos diab?ticos foram avaliados como um grupo total DM1, e subdivididos em fun??o do controle glic?mico (diab?ticos compensados DM1C, e n?o-compensados DM1NC) e em fun??o do tempo de diagn?stico (diab?ticos com menos de 5 anos de diagn?stico DM1< 5anos, e a partir de 5 anos de diagn?stico DM1 <5 anos). Para a avalia??o do controle metab?lico foram determinadas as concentra??es de glicose e de hemoglobina glicada; para avaliar a fun??o renal as concentra??es s?ricas de ur?ia, creatinina, albumina, prote?na total e a rela??o albumina/creatinina (RAC) urin?ria; e para fun??o hep?tica a atividade s?rica de AST e ALT. O estado pr?-inflamat?rio foi avaliado a partir da express?o do mRNA dos TLRs 2 e 4, e das citocinas IL-1?, IL-6 e TNF-?. Com exce??o do grupo DM1C (18,4%), os pacientes DM1NC (81,6%) apresentaram um controle glic?mico insatisfat?rio, com valores de mediana para glicose (225,5mg/dL) e hemoglobina glicada (11,2%) significativamente superiores ao grupo NG (glicose: 76,5mg/dL e hemoglobina glicada: 6,9%). Foram obtidos valores aumentados para a ur?ia s?rica (20%) e RAC urin?ria (20,8%); e diminu?dos para albumina (5,7%) e prote?na total (13,6%) nos indiv?duos diab?ticos; e associados a um controle glic?mico insatisfat?rio (DM1NC aumento de 20% para ur?ia e 49% para RAC; e diminui??o de 8,6% para albumina e 12,1% para prote?na total) e a um maior tempo de diagn?stico (DM1 <5anos aumento de 20% para ur?ia e 20,8% para RAC; e diminui??o de 14,3% para albumina e 13,6% para prote?na total). No tocante ? avalia??o do estado pr?-inflamat?rio, as express?es de mRNA se apresentaram elevadas para TLR2 (37,5%), IL-1? (43%), IL-6 (44,4%) e TNF-? (15,6%) nos indiv?duos diab?ticos em rela??o aos NG, sendo principalmente associadas aos grupos DM1NC (controle glic?mico insatisfat?rio TLR2: 82%, IL-1?: 43% de aumento) e DM1 <5 anos (maior tempo de diagn?stico TLR2: 85,4%, IL-1?: 46,5% de aumento). O conjunto de resultados suporta a exist?ncia de um quadro inflamat?rio mediado pelo aumento da express?o do TLR2 e das citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias IL-1?, IL-6 e TNF-? no diabetes tipo 1

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YonaraMCO_DISSERT.pdf: 1678750 bytes, checksum: 32e7b234c6a83f6881e86eb536e38bec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Studies report that the pathophysiological mechanism of diabetes complications is associated with increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-induced by hyperglycemia and changes in the capacity the antioxidant defense system. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the capacity of antioxidant defense system, by evaluating antioxidant status, gene expression and polymorphisms in the genes of GPx1, SOD1 and SOD2 in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. We studied 101 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 106 normoglycemic individuals (NG) aged between 6 and 20 years. Individuals with type 1 diabetes were evaluated as a whole group and subdivided according to glycemic control in DM1G good glycemic control and DM1P poor glycemic control. Glycemic and metabolic control was evaluate by serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL). Renal function was assessed by measurement of serum urea and creatinine and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in spot urine. Antioxidant status was evaluate by content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole blood and the activity of erythrocyte enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). We also analyzed gene expression and gene polymorphisms of GPx1 (rs1050450), SOD1 (rs17881135) and SOD2 (rs4880) by the technique of real-time PCR (Taqman?). Most individuals with DM1 (70.3%) had poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin> 8%). Regarding the lipid profile, individuals with type 1 diabetes had significantly elevated total cholesterol (p <0.001) and LDL (p <0.000) compared to NG; for triglycerides only DM1NC group showed significant increase compared to NG. There was an increase in serum urea and RAC of individuals with DM1 compared to NG. Nine individuals with type 1 diabetes showed microalbuminuria (ACR> 30 mg / mg). There was a decrease in GSH content (p = 0.006) and increased erythrocyte GPx activity (p <0.001) and SOD (p <0.001) in DM1 group compared to NG. There was no significant difference in the expression of GPx1 (p = 0.305), SOD1 (.365) and SOD2 (0.385) between NG and DM1. The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphisms studied showed no statistically significant difference between the groups DM1 and NG. However, the GPx1 polymorphism showed the influence of erythrocyte enzyme activity. There was a decrease in GPx activity in individuals with type 1 diabetes who had a polymorphic variant T (p = 0.012). DM1 patients with the polymorphic variant G (AG + GG) for polymorphism of SOD2 (rs4880) showed an increase in the RAC (p <0.05). The combined data suggest that glucose control seems to be the predominant factor for the emergence of changes in lipid profile, renal function and antioxidant system, but the presence of the polymorphisms studied may partly contribute to the onset of complications / Estudos relatam que o mecanismo fisiopatol?gico das complica??es do diabetes est? associado ao aumento na produ??o de Esp?cies Reativas de Oxig?nio (ERO) induzido pela hiperglicemia persistente e altera??es na capacidade de defesa do sistema antioxidante. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar altera??es na capacidade de defesa do sistema antioxidante, atrav?s da avalia??o do status antioxidante, express?o g?nica e pesquisa de polimorfismos nos genes da GPx1, SOD1 e SOD2 de crian?as, adolescentes e adultos jovens com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Foram estudados 101 indiv?duos com diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) e 106 indiv?duos normoglic?micos (NG) com idade entre 6 e 20 anos. Os indiv?duos com DM1 foram avaliados como um grupo total e subdivididos de acordo com o controle glic?mico em DM1NC diab?tico n?o-compensado e DM1C diab?ticos compensados. Para avaliar o controle glic?mico e metab?lico foram realizadas as dosagens de glicose s?rica, hemoglobina glicada, triglicer?deos, colesterol total e fra??es (HDL e LDL). A fun??o renal foi avaliada pelas dosagens de ureia e creatinina s?ricas e a rela??o albumina/creatinina (RAC) urin?ria. Os par?metros antioxidantes avaliados foram o conte?do da glutationa reduzida (GSH) em sangue total e a atividade eritrocit?ria das enzimas glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e super?xido dismutase (SOD). Tamb?m foi avaliada a express?o g?nica e a pesquisa dos polimorfismos dos genes GPx1 (rs1050450), SOD1(rs17881135) e SOD2 (rs4880) pela t?cnica da PCR em tempo real (Taqman?). A maioria dos indiv?duos com DM1 (70,3%) apresentou controle glic?mico insatisfat?rio (hemoglobina glicada >8%). Em rela??o ao perfil lip?dico, indiv?duos com DM1 apresentaram valores significativamente elevados de colesterol total (p<0,001) e LDL (p<0,000) em rela??o ao NG; para os triglicer?deos s? o grupo DM1NC apresentou aumento significante em rela??o ao NG. Observou-se o aumento na ur?ia s?rica e na RAC dos indiv?duos com DM1 em rela??o ao NG. Nove dos indiv?duos com DM1 apresentaram microalbumin?ria (RAC> 30 &#956;g/mg). Houve diminui??o no conte?do de GSH (p=0,006) e aumento na atividade eritrocit?ria da GPx (p<0,001) e SOD (p<0,001) do grupo DM1 em rela??o ao NG. N?o foi observada diferen?a significante na express?o de GPx1 (p=0,305), SOD1 (0,365) e SOD2 (0,385) entre NG e DM1. As freq??ncias genot?picas e al?licas dos polimorfismos estudados n?o mostraram diferen?a estatisticamente significante entre os grupos DM1 e NG. Por?m o polimorfismo da GPx1 mostrou influ?ncia na atividade eritrocit?ria da enzima, observando-se diminui??o da atividade nos indiv?duos com DM1 que possu?am a variante polim?rfica T (p=0,012). J? para o polimorfismo Ala16Val da SOD2 observou-se eleva??o da RAC para aqueles indiv?duos diab?ticos que possu?am o alelo G (p<0,05). O conjunto dos dados sugere que o controle glic?mico parece ser o fator predominante para o surgimento de altera??es no perfil lip?dico, fun??o renal e no sistema antioxidante, por?m a presen?a dos polimorfismos estudados possam, pelo menos em parte, contribuir para o aparecimento de complica??es

A Neuropatia autonômica cardiovascular (NAC), apesar de ter sido apontada como fator de risco independente para doença cardiovascular (DCV) em pacientes com diabetes tipo 1 (DM1), permanece subdiagnosticada. Os objetivos do trababalho foram determinar a prevalência de NAC e seus indicadores clínicos e laboratoriais em pacientes com DM1 e a associação com outras complicações crônicas do diabetes, além de avaliar a concordância entre os critérios diagnósticos da NAC determinados pelos parâmetros da análise espectral e pelos testes reflexos cardiovasculares. Pacientes com DM1, duração da doença &#8805; 5 anos e com idade &#8805; 13 anos foram submetidos a um questionário clínico-epidemiológico, a coleta de sangue e de urina para determinação da concentração urinária de albumina, ao mapeamento de retina, e exame clínico para pesquisa de neuropatia diabética sensitivo motora além da realização de testes reflexos cardiovasculares. Cento e cinquenta e um pacientes com DM1, 53.6 % do sexo feminino, 45.7% brancos, com média de idade de 33.4 13 anos, idade ao diagnóstico de 17.2 9.8 anos, duração de DM1 de 16.3 9.5 anos, índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 23.4 (13.7-37.9) Kg/m2 e níveis de hemoglobina glicada de 9.1 2% foram avaliados. Após realização dos testes para rastreamento das complicações microvasculares, encontramos neuropatia diabética sensitivo motora, retinopatia diabética, nefropatia diabética e NAC em 44 (29.1%), 54 (38%), 35 (24.1%) e 46 (30.5%) dos pacientes avaliados, respectivamente. A presença de NAC foi associada com idade (p=0.01), duração do DM (p=0.036), HAS (p=0.001), frequência cardíaca em repouso (p=0.000), HbA1c (p=0.048), uréia (p=0.000), creatinina (p=0.008), taxa de filtração glomerular (p=0.000), concentração urinária de albumina (p=0.000), níveis séricos de LDL-colesterol (p=0.048), T4 livre (p=0.023) e hemoglobina (p=0.01) e a presença de retinopatia (p=0.000), nefropatia (p=0.000) e neuropatia diabética sensitivo motora (p=0.000), além dos seguintes sintomas; lipotimia (p=0.000), náuseas pós alimentares (p=0.042), saciedade precoce (p=0.031), disfunção sexual (p=0.049) e sudorese gustatória (p=0.018). No modelo de regressão logística binária, avaliando o diagnóstico de NAC como variável dependente, foi observado que apenas a FC em repouso, presença de neuropatia diabética sensitivo motora e retinopatia diabética foram consideradas variáveis independentes significativamente. A NAC é uma complicação crônica comum do DM1, atingindo cerca de 30% dos pacientes estudados e encontra-se associada à presença de outras complicações da doença. Indicadores da presença de NAC nos pacientes avaliados incluíram a idade, duração do diabetes, presença de HAS, frequência cardíaca de repouso e presença de sintomas sugestivos de neuropatia autonômica. O presente estudo ratifica a importância do rastreamento sistemático e precoce desta complicação. / The cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), although considered as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in both patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), remains underdiagnosed. The objective were to determine the prevalence, clinical and laboratorial indicators of CAN in patients with T1D and its association with other chronic complications of diabetes and evaluate the concordance between the diagnostic criteria for CAN diagnosis determined by the parameters of spectral analysis and the cardiovascular reflex tests. Patients with T1D aged &#8805; 13 years and diabetes duration &#8805; 5 years underwent a clinical-epidemiological survey, had blood samples collected, urinary samples for the determination of urinary albumin concentration, ophtalmoscopic exam, clinical neurological examination for diabetic neuropathy screeening and cardiovascular reflex tests. One hundred and fifty one patients with T1D, 53.6 % female, 45.7% Caucasian, mean age of 33.4 13 years, age at diagnosis of 17.2 9.8 years, diabetes duration of 16.3 9.5 years, body mass index (BMI) of 23.4 (13.7-37.9) kg/m2, glycated hemoglonin levels of 9.1 2% were evaluated. After performing the tests for screening for microvascular complications, we found diabetic sensory motor neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and CAN in 44 (29.1%), 54 (38%), 35 (24.1%) and 46 (30.5%) of the patients, respectively. CAN was associated with age (p=0.01), diabetes duration (p=0.036), hypertension (p=0.001), resting heart rate (p=0.000), HbA1c (p=0.048), urea (p=0.000), creatinine (p=0.008), glomerular filtration rate (p=0.000), urinary albumin concentration (p=0.000), LDL-cholesterol (p=0.048), free T4 (p=0.023), hemoglobin (p=0.01) and presence of retinopathy (p=0.000), nephropathy (p=0.000) and diabetic neuropathy (p=0.000), the following symptons syncope (p=0.000), post prandial nausea (p=0.042), early saciety (p=0.031), sexual dysfunction (p=0.049) and gustatory sweating (p=0.018). In binary logistic regression model evaluating the diagnosis of CAN as a dependent variable, it was observed that only resting heart rate, presence of diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy were considered independent variables significantly. CAN is a common chronic complication of T1D affecting about 30% of the studied population and is associated with the presence of other chronic complications of T1D. Indicators of the presence of CAN included age, duration of diabetes, presence of hypertension, resting heart rate and symptoms suggestive of autonomic neuropathy. This study confirms the importance of systematic and early screening for this complication.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:16:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioSS_DISSERT.pdf: 1009224 bytes, checksum: 11ff4662d4d8985817935b34117dbf5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Our aim was to investigate the effects of an aerobic training program on adverse and early left ventricle (LV) remodeling, using an experimental model of short-term type 1 diabetes (T1D). Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD) and trained diabetic (TD). T1D was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). The training program consisted of 4 weeks running on a treadmill (13 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week). At the end of the experiments, hearts were collected for analysis of morphology and transcriptional profile of LV, by focusing on its remodeling. Deaths were recorded during the 4-week period. We verified high mortality among animals of DS group, whereas it was significantly reduced in DT group. DS group also showed an increase in cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes and fibrosis. TD group exhibited reduction in measures of cardiac trophism, but with respect to collagen content, it was similar to CS group. Analysis of gene expression related to cardiac remodeling revealed decreased expression of collagen I and III, as well as low expression of MMP-2 in DS group. TD group showed decreased levels of mRNA for MMP-9, and unchanged gene expression of MMP-2 when compared with the CS group. The expression of MMP-2 and TGF-&#61538;1 were increased in CT group. The ratio between gene expression of collagen I and III was increased in the CT group and decreased in diabetic groups. These results establish early changes of the structure and transcriptional profile of LV myocardium. Moreover, they indicate that aerobic exercise training plays specific protection against mechanisms responsible for cardiac damage observed in T1D / Nosso objetivo foi investigar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento aer?bio sobre o remodelamento adverso e precoce do ventr?culo esquerdo (VE), utilizando modelo experimental de curto prazo de diabetes tipo 1 (DM1). Ratos Wistar foram divididos em 4 grupos: controle sedent?rio (CS), controle treinado (CT), diab?tico sedent?rio (DS) e diab?tico treinado (DT). O DM1 foi induzido por estreptozotocina (45 mg/kg). O programa de treinamento consistiu em 4 semanas de corrida em esteira (13 m/min, 60 min/dia, 5 dias/semana). Ao fim dos experimentos, os cora??es foram coletados para analise da morfologia e do perfil transcricional do VE, com foco em seu remodelamento. Os ?bitos foram registrados durante as 4 semanas. Verificamos alta mortalidade entre os animais do grupo DS, enquanto que esta foi significativamente reduzida no grupo DT. O grupo DS apresentou aumento na ?rea de sec??o transversa dos cardiomi?citos e fibrose. O grupo DT exibiu redu??o das medidas de trofismo card?aco, mas com rela??o ao conte?do col?geno, foi similar ao grupo CS. As an?lises de express?o de genes ligados ao remodelamento card?aco revelaram redu??o na express?o dos col?genos I e III, al?m de baixa express?o da MMP-2, no grupo DS. O grupo DT apresentou diminui??o dos n?veis de mRNA para MMP-9, e express?o g?nica de MMP-2 inalterada, se comparado ao grupo CS. As express?es da MMP-2 e do TGF-&#61538;1 foram aumentadas no grupo CT. A raz?o entre express?o g?nica dos col?genos I e III mostrou-se elevada no grupo CT e reduzida nos grupos diab?ticos. Esses resultados estabelecem altera??es precoces da estrutura e do perfil transcricional do VE. Ainda, indicam que o treinamento aer?bio exerce prote??o espec?fica contra mecanismos respons?veis pelo dano card?aco observado no DM1

Background: The medical literature shows that alcohol consumption is common among diabetic individuals and is associated with poor adherence to treatment, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. However, no study has assessed the association between high-risk alcohol consumption and the presence of anxiety and depression in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (1DM). Objectives: To know the degree of alcohol use, the prevalence at risk alcohol use and symptoms of anxiety and depression, the level of glycemic control and the association between these variables in adolescents and adults diagnosed with type 1 diabetes treated at the Clinic of Endocrinology Outpatient, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) and the Municipal Diabetic Care Center of Uberlândia. Methods: The present cross-sectional study assessed 209 outpatients in regards to alcohol consumption and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms, using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, and glycemic control, according to the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the association between the investigated variables. Results: The prevalence of high-risk alcohol consumption (AUDIT &#8805; 8) among individuals with 1DM was high, specifically 24.88% among the entire group of subjects, 12.9% among the adolescents, 14.7% among the females, and 34.6% among the males. Upon comparisons based on gender and age, the odds of high-risk drinking were higher among males and participants aged 30 to 40 years (33.93%). The frequency of high-risk alcohol consumption did not differ as a function of gender among adolescents (females: 9.09%, males: 16.21%; p=0.374). Neither the frequency of anxiety (total: 29.66%, females: 37.25%, males: 22.43%) nor depression (total: 11%, females: 17.65%, males: 4.7%) symptoms exhibited associations with high-risk alcohol consumption. Moreover, the odds of female subjects exhibiting anxiety or depression symptoms were higher (odds ratio OR: 4.37 and OR: 7.4, respectively). Glycemic control was inadequate in most of the sample and did not exhibit an association with high-risk alcohol consumption or the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusions: The prevalence of high-risk alcohol consumption and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms were high in this patient sample. The frequency of high-risk drinking increased together with age and was greater among males; however, this frequency did not exhibit differences in terms of gender among adolescents. Glycemic control was inadequate in most of the sample independent of alcohol consumption and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms. / Introdução: A literatura médica mostra que o uso de álcool é frequente em pacientes com diabetes e está associado à má adesão ao tratamento, o que pode levar a uma maior morbidade e mortalidade. Entretanto, faltam pesquisas que avaliem a associação entre o uso de risco de álcool e a presença de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão em pacientes com diabetes tipo 1 (DM1). Objetivos: verificar o grau de utilização de álcool, a prevalência do uso de risco de álcool e de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão, o nível de controle glicêmico e a associação entre essas variáveis em adolescentes e adultos com diagnóstico de DM1, atendidos no Ambulatório de Endocrinologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) e no Centro Municipal de Atenção ao Diabético de Uberlândia (CMAD). Métodos: Este estudo transversal avaliou 209 pacientes em tratamento ambulatorial, quanto ao consumo de álcool, à presença de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão por meio dos testes de rastreamento Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) e Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) e o controle glicêmico por meio da hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c). Utilizaram-se os testes estatísticos de qui-quadrado e regressão logística para verificar a associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: A prevalência do consumo de risco de álcool em pacientes com DM1 foi de 24,8%, sendo 14,7% em mulheres e 34,6% em homens. A chance de uso de risco foi maior nos homens (OR=2,79), em pessoas com faixa etária mais elevada (OR=1,07), naqueles com história familiar de uso de álcool (OR=7,05), nos que referiram consumo de drogas ilícitas (OR=5,89), cigarro (OR=8,25) e na faixa etária de 30 a 40 anos (OR = 1,07). Quanto ao consumo de risco na adolescência, não houve diferença entre os gêneros (mulheres=9,09% e homens=16.21% e p=0,374). As frequências de sintomas de ansiedade (11% no total, 17,65% nas mulheres e 4,7% nos homens) e de depressão (29,66% no total, 37,25% nas mulheres e 22,43% nos homens) não mostraram relação com o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. As mulheres apresentaram mais sintomas de ansiedade (OR=2,05) e de depressão (OR=4,37) do que os homens, assim como os adultos com mais de 30 anos em relação aos mais jovens (OR=2,34 para ansiedade e OR= 7,44 para depressão). O controle glicêmico foi predominantemente inadequado e não se verificou associação com o uso de risco de álcool e com a presença de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão. Não houve associação do nível de HbA1c com o uso de risco de álcool, provavelmente devido ao número pequeno de pacientes com bom controle glicêmico. Conclusões: A prevalência do consumo de risco de álcool e a presença de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão em adolescentes e adultos com DM1 foram elevadas. O uso de risco de álcool aumentou proporcionalmente ao aumento da faixa etária e foi mais prevalente entre os homens; somente entre os adolescentes não houve diferença entre os gêneros. Na amostra estudada, o controle glicêmico foi inadequado na maioria dos pacientes,independentemente do consumo de álcool e da presença de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão. / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde

Esta dissertação está composta de três estudos que investigaram aspectos de resiliência, qualidade de vida e suporte social em adolescentes com diabete melito tipo 1 (DM1). O primeiro estudo consiste de uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre resiliência e suporte social em adolescentes com DM1. Em geral os estudos revisados relacionam o suporte social com a melhora no controle glicêmico, manejo da doença e adesão ao tratamento. No segundo estudo buscou-se identificar possíveis correlações entre as variáveis qualidade de vida e suporte social em adolescentes com DM1. Participaram 102 adolescentes, 46 meninos e 56 meninas, entre 12 e 17 anos, pacientes de um serviço de atendimento da cidade de Porto Alegre. Os participantes responderam aos instrumentos KIDSCREEN-52 e Versão Brasileira do Social Support Appraisals. Foi verificado que de forma geral os adolescentes avaliam bem sua qualidade de vida e o suporte social recebido, sendo que as variáveis apresentaram correlação positiva moderada. O terceiro estudo investigou processos de resiliência em adolescentes com DM1, identificando fatores de risco e proteção, através de estudos de caso múltiplos. Participaram três adolescentes, uma menina e dois meninos, entre 13 e 14 anos, também pacientes do serviço de atendimento, e suas mães. Os instrumentos utilizados foram entrevistas semiestruturadas e o Mapa dos Cinco Campos. Constatou-se que fatores de proteção como suporte social, vinculação afetiva e características pessoais de autoestima, otimismo e altruísmo, contribuem para a manifestação de processos de resiliência. Destaca-se a importância de fortalecer a rede de apoio como fator de proteção para o enfrentamento do DM1, principalmente através da integração entre os diferentes contextos nos quais o adolescente está inserido. / This dissertation is composed of three studies that investigated aspects of resilience, quality of life and social support of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The first study consists of a systematic review of literature about resilience and social support in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Most of the studies reviewed demonstrated that social support is related with the improvement of glycemic control, disease management and treatment adherence. The second study investigated correlations between quality of life and social support in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. In total, 102 adolescents, 46 boys and 56 girls, between 12 and 17 years old, participated in the study. Participants were patients of a healthcare program in the city of Porto Alegre. Two questionnaires, the KIDSCREEN-52 and the Brazilian version of Social Support Appraisals were used to evaluate quality of life and social support. Results showed positive moderate correlation between the variables, and good assessment of quality of life and social support. In the third part of the research, study case method was used to identify risk and protective factors and to investigate processes of resilience in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Three adolescents, one girl and two boys, between 13 e 14 years old, and their mothers participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews and the Five Field Map were used as instruments. It was found that social support, close bonds and personal characteristics such as self-esteem, optimism and altruism, contribute to the development of resilience processes. The research highlights the importance of strengthening the support network as a protective factor for coping with T1D, particularly through the integration between the different contexts in which the adolescent is inserted.

The main objective of this study was research on biomarkers used in both diagnosis and therapy of diabetic complications. The main focus of our work came to be on one of these biomarkers - glycemic variability (GV). High GV is linked with more frequent occurance of hypoglycemia. There are even indications it might contribute to development of diabetic complications. With modern technology - continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), we are now able to reliably describe, calculate and reduce GV. So far it is unclear whether increased GV can contribute to the development of microvascular complications (MVC) in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Studies published so far have assessed GV primarily from routine self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) using glucometers. In the light of this uncertaity, the first part of this work compares GV calculated from CGM with the presence of MVC in T1D patients. GV calculated from CGM, but not from SMBG, proved to be significantly higher in T1D patients with MVC, even though there was no significant difference in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). This finding supports the hypothesis that higher GV is related to higher risk of MVC and that HbA1c does not describe diabetes control completely. Moreover, it was shown that GV calculated from SMBG is insufficient. There is still no fully...

Introduction: Physical activity should be part of our everyday life. However, for people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus it is the most common cause of hypoglycemia. To control diabetes in the right way, it is therefore necessary to follow certain rules and recommendations that help preventing hypoglycemia while the physical activity remains beneficial at the same time. Aim of the work: The main aim of this study is to clarify the influence of physical activity in connection to long-term control of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: 102 respondents with diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the age of 19-69 years participated in a quantitative analysis. This research was conducted in a form of multicentric examination at two independent medical centers. The data collection was done through questionnaires focused on physical activity and daily regime. The data from questionnaires were then compared to the values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), HDL cholesterol and the total daily dose of insulin of certain patients. For statistical evaluation, analytical tools of Microsoft Office program were used (F-test and t-test). Results: We found correlation between HbA1C values in patients physically active for less than 2 hours/week compared to those who are physically active for more than 2 hours/week (62,72...

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