Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-04T10:50:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacristinadecarvalhomrad.pdf: 25667828 bytes, checksum: 67558dd38cd5b84d1921ca5e06445e03 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T14:22:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacristinadecarvalhomrad.pdf: 25667828 bytes, checksum: 67558dd38cd5b84d1921ca5e06445e03 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T14:22:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacristinadecarvalhomrad.pdf: 25667828 bytes, checksum: 67558dd38cd5b84d1921ca5e06445e03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-23 / A disfuncão do trato urinario inferior (DTUI) é uma alteracão comum em crianças. Dados sobre sua prevalência em indivíduos com síndrome de Down (SD) são escassos. O presente estudo transversal tem como objetivo investigar a prevalência da DTUI em indivíduos com SD pertencentes ao Ambulatório da Síndrome de Down, único com critérios específicos de atendimento em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os sintomas da DTUI foram avaliados através da aplicação da versão adaptada e validada para população brasileira do Dysfunctional Voíding Symptom Score (DVSS). No DVSS, os valores de corte para indicar a presença de DTUI foram maior do que seis para indivíduos do sexo masculino e maior do que nove para indivíduos do sexo feminino. Dos 114 indivíduos avaliados, 84 foram incluíduos, com idade variando de quatro a 57 anos (média 19,10 anos ± 12,02), sendo 66,70% do gênero feminino. A prevalência encontrada foi de 27,38%. Os sintomas foram mais frequentes nos indivíduos do gênero masculino (OR 3,06; IC 95% (1,131 a 8,321); p=0,03) e com a idade menor ou igual á 10 anos (OR 5,22; IC 95% (1,867 a 14,61); p= 0,001). Estes achados tornam-se importantes para alertar os profissionais envolvidos no seguimento destes indivíduos, orientando sobre a necessidade de investigação padronizada da DTUI, objetivando a prevenção e/ou a correta intervenção terapêutica. / Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is a common problem in children. Data on it's prevalence in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is scarce. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the prevalence of LUTD in individuals with DS, members of the Down Syndrome Clinic, the only one with specific treatment criteria in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The LUTD symptoms were assessed through the application of the validated and adapted version of the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS) for the Brazilian population. The cut-point to indicate the LUTD presence were > 6 for male individuals and > 9 for female individuals. Of the 114 individuals assessed, 84 were eligible, with ages varying from 0 to 57 years (medium age 19.10 years ± 12.02), of these 66.70% being female. The prevalence found was of 27.38%. The symptoms were more frequent in males (OR 3.06; IC 95% (1.131 to 8.321); p=0.03) and of age lower or equal to 10 years (OR 5.22; IC 95% (1.867 to 14.61); p= 0.001). These findings are important to alert the professionals involved in the follow-up of such patients, informing them of the need to standardize the investigation of the LUTD, aiming to prevent and/or the correct therapeutic intervention.

Orientador: Carlos Arturo Levi D'Ancona / Texto em português e inglês / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T18:45:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucio_AdeliaCorreia_D.pdf: 1271743 bytes, checksum: 0b9b6397ac1c0ba8278df2217374c852 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as duas modalidades de eletroterapia mais utilizadas na prática clínica para o tratamento de sintomas do trato urinário inferior (STUI), a eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial e eletroestimulação intravaginal, em mulheres com esclerose múltipla (EM) bem como investigar a influência na função sexual e Qualidade de Vida (QV). Métodos: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado e cego, composto por trinta mulheres com EM e STUI alocadas aleatoriamente em um dos três grupos e foram tratadas durante 12 semanas: Grupo I: treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP) com biofeedback eletromiográfico (EMG) e eletroestimulação placebo (GI, n= 10), Grupo II: treinamento dos MAP com biofeedback EMG e eletroestimulação intravaginal (GII, n= 10), Grupo III: treinamento dos MAP com biofeedback EMG e eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial (GIII, n= 10). As avaliações, realizadas antes e após o tratamento, foram: teste do absorvente de 24 horas, diário miccional de três dias, função dos MAP de acordo com o esquema PERFECT, tônus e habilidade de relaxamento dos MAP, flexibilidade da abertura vaginal e estudo urodinâmico que avaliou a capacidade cistométrica máxima, complacência da bexiga, amplitude máxima da hiperatividade detrusora, fluxo máximo (Qmax), pressão do detrusor no Qmax e volume residual pós-miccional. Foram utilizados os questionários: OAB-V8, ICIQ-SF, Qualiveen e, o questionário de sexualidade, FSFI. Resultados: Após o tratamento, todos os grupos apresentaram redução no peso dos absorventes e redução dos episódios de urgência e urge incontinência. Apresentaram melhora em todos os domínios do esquema PERFECT, diminuição da pontuação dos questionários OAB-V8, ICIQ-SF e aumento na pontuação dos domínios excitação, lubrificação vaginal, satisfação no escore total do questionário FSFI. GII melhorou significantemente quando comparado à GI e GIII em relação ao tônus, flexibilidade e capacidade de relaxamento dos MAP e na pontuação do questionário OAB-V8. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento dos MAP isoladamente ou em combinação com a eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial ou eletroestimulação intravaginal é eficaz no tratamento de STUI e função sexual de mulheres com EM, sendo que a combinação do treinamento dos MAP com a eletroestimulação intravaginal oferece vantagens adicionais na redução do tônus muscular e STUI / Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare two methods of electrotherapy, most used in clinical practice for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), the transcutaneous tibial nerve electrostimulation and intravaginal electrostimulation in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and its influence on sexual function and Quality of Life (QOL) of these women. Methods: A prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial was carried out. Thirty women with MS and LUTS were randomly allocated into one of three groups and received treatment for 12 weeks: Group I: pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback and sham electrostimulation (GI, n=10), Group II: PFMT with EMG biofeedback and intravaginal electrostimulation (GII, n=10), Group III: PFMT with EMG biofeedback and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (GIII, n=10). Assessments, performed before and after the treatment, included: 24 hours pad test, three days bladder diary, PFM functioning according to the PERFECT scheme, tone and ability to relax PFM, flexibility of vaginal opening and maximum cystometric capacity, bladder compliance, maximum amplitude of detrusor overactivity, maximum flow rate (Qmax), detrusor pressure at Qmax and post-void residual volume outcomes of urodynamic study. The questionnaires included: OAB-V8, ICIQ-SF, Qualiveen and, the questionnaire of sexuality, FSFI. Results: After treatment, all groups showed a reduction in pad weight and reduced episodes of urgency and urge incontinence. They also showed improvements in all domains of the PERFECT scheme, decreased scores of OAB-V8 and ICIQ-SF questionnaires and increased scores of arousal, vaginal lubrication, satisfaction and total score domains of FSFI questionnaire. GII was significantly improved when compared to GI and GIII related to tone, flexibility and relaxation of PFM and, also, in the score of OAB-V8 questionnaire. Conclusion: The results suggest that PFMT alone or in combination with intravaginal electrostimulation or transcutaneous tibial nerve electrostimulation is effective in the treatment of LUTS and sexual function in MS patients, with the combination of PFMT and intravaginal electrostimulation offering some advantage in the reduction of muscle tone and LUTS / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutora em Ciências

In today's hospital environment, good care has become synonymous with positive patient outcomes. Marring this landscape is the alarming rate of hospital acquired (nosocomial) infections. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common hospital acquired infections. The major cause associated with these infections is the use of indwelling urinary catheters. Bacteria invade the lower urinary tract by ascending through or around the catheter. Morbidity associated with urinary catheter-associated UTI can be minimized by prudent decisions concerning catheter usage and good catheter care. The principle route of dispersal of nosocomial infections is likely from patient-to-patient via transiently contaminated hands of hospital personnel. The purpose of this evidence-based project was to determine if hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates among patients admitted to an acute care facility could be decreased through staff education and consistent application of nursing care using selected perineal infection control interventions. The setting was a 43-bed medical/surgical floor in a 321 bed not for profit Magnet hospital in Northeast Florida. Twenty-four registered nurses and 18 patient care technicians completed targeted in-service education on general nosocomial infections, perineal care, and hand hygiene. A catheter dwell time notification system was also implemented. Chart review data was obtained from 383 admissions (197 pre-intervention, 133 after the educational intervention, and 53 after the dwell time notification). There was a significant difference in catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates after the interventions (11.17 pre-intervention, 10.53 after the educational intervention and 0.392 after the dwell time notification). A longer length of time in practice an on this hospital unit was associated with lower infection rates.

Infecção do Trato Urinário (ITU) é o segundo tipo de infecção bacteriana mais comum em crianças. Nesse estudo amostras de urina de 6012 pacientes pediátricos foram analisadas, a prevalência de ITU foi determinada, os uropatógenos foram identificados e o perfil antimicrobiano dos mesmos foi determinado. Os resultados mostraram que a prevalência de ITU varia de acordo com o sexo e a idade do paciente. Bactérias Gram-negativas foram responsáveis por 89 % de todos os casos de ITU e Escherichia coli foi a espécie mais prevalente. Os uropatógenos foram resistentes a ampicilina 63 %, a nitrofurantoina 37 % e ao trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 28 %. Todavia, 99 % deles foram sensíveis a cefalexina e 96 % ao cloranfenicol. Resultados obtidos com a caracterização de 90 isolados de E. coli, mostraram que todas as amostras foram positivas para os marcadores fimA e fimH, 53 % para pap, 32 % para sfa, 10 % para o marcador genético da toxina pic e 29 % foram capazes de produzir hemolisina-a. Esses isolados se distribuíram entre os grupos filogenéticos da seguinte maneira: B2 42 %, D 25 %, A 21 % e B1 11 %. Dessas amostras 19 % não foram tipáveis (ONT), 15,56 % pertenceram ao sorogrupo O2 e 12,22 % aos sorogrupos O6 e OR. A maioria dos isolados de E. coli aderiu às células epiteliais, poliestireno e PVC. / Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is the second most common type of bacterial infection in children. In this study, 6012 urine samples from pediatric patients were analyzed, the prevalence of UTI was determined, the uropathogens were identified and their antimicrobial profile was determined. The results have shown that the prevalence of UTI varies according to the sex and age of the patient. Gram negative bacteria were responsible for 89 % of all cases of UTI and E. coli was the most prevalent species. The uropathogens were resistant to: ampicillin 63 %, nitrofurantoin 37 % and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 28 %. However, 99 % of them were sensitive to cephalexin and 96 % to chloramphenicol. Results obtained with the characterization of 90 isolates of E. coli showed that all of them were positive for fimA and fimH, 53 % were positive for pap, 32 % were positive for sfa, 10 % were positive for the genetic marker of pic and 29 % were able to produce hemolysin-a. These isolates were distributed between the phylogenetic groups as follows: B2 42 %, D 25 %, A 21 % and B1 11 %. Nineteen percent of these samples were untypeable (ONT), 15.56 % belonged to O2 serogroup and 12,22 % belonged to the O6 and OR serogroups. Most E. coli isolates were able to adhere to epithelial cells, polystyrene and PVC.

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a major source of avoidable hospital-acquired infections. The scientific evidence supports utilization of nurse-driven protocols to reduce CAUTIs. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to update and implement an evidence-based CAUTI prevention protocol for the nursing staff on a medical-surgical unit in an adult acute care hospital to decrease the utilization of indwelling urinary catheters and CAUTIs. Theoretical Framework: Donabedian’s structures, processes, and outcomes (SPO) model was utilized as the framework for this project. Donabedian’s SPO model focuses on strong healthcare structures and processes to improve nurse, patient, and organizational outcomes. Methods: This project utilized a quantitative design. A convenience sample of 28 nurses from the medical-surgical unit of a South Florida hospital participated in the project. An educational intervention was delivered on CAUTI prevention based on guidelines from regulatory agencies, and the hospital existing protocol was updated and revised to reflect the guidelines. The sample was administered a short demographic survey, and 10-item pretests and posttests on CAUTI prevention before and after implementation of the standardized evidence-based protocol. To determine possible differences in nurses’ knowledge and perceptions of indwelling urinary catheters before and after the implementation, paired t tests were conducted. To determine if the proportions of days with urinary catheters were statistically significantly different 30 days before and after implementation of the standardized evidence-based guideline, a 2-proportion z-test was conducted. Results: On analysis of the pretests and posttests, a statistically significant difference was found in 6 of the 10 questions, indicating that nurses’ knowledge and perceptions of CAUTIs improved after the intervention (p < .001 to p < .043). After the intervention, urinary catheter days relative to patient days also decreased significantly (z = 5.562, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Implementation of an evidence-based nurse-driven protocol in a hospital in South Florida improved nurses’ knowledge and perceptions of CAUTI prevention. Nursing practice and healthcare delivery can benefit from development of such guidelines and educational interventions to empower nurses to better manage patients’ indwelling urinary catheters, and decrease the incidence of CAUTIs in hospitals.

No description available.

As ITU são as mais freqüentes infecções ocasionadas por ExPEC. Entre os fatores de virulência (FV) encontram-se nestas cepas adesinas, invasinas, toxinas, sideróforos, e evasinas, localizados em plasmídios ou ilhas de patogenecidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar 45 cepas de E. coli isoladas de 33 cães e 7 gatos com ITU, quanto aos sorotipos, FV e grupos filogenéticos. Dos sorogrupos relacionados às ITU foram encontrados O6 (20%), O2 (16%), O25 (4%), O4 e O11 (4% cada um). Entre os genes pesquisados, foram encontrados fimH (100%), pap (47%), sfa (33%) e iha (4%); ibeA (29%); cnf1 (31%), hlyA (27%); fyuA (80%), iucD (22%); traT (51%); cvaC (20%) e malX (67%). Os isolados felinos foram agrupados em B2 (89%) e D (11%), enquanto os caninos em A (5,5%), B1 (19,5%), B2 (55,5%) e D (19,5%). Estes resultados sugerem que as ExPEC isoladas de cães e gatos apresentam potencial patogênico para ocasionar doenças mais graves que as ITU, assim como ocorre em humanos. Além disso, a similitude com as amostras humanas reforça a hipótese acerca de seu potencial zoonótico. / The ability of ExPEC to cause extraintestinal infections in humans, dogs, and cats is associated with the expression of a variety of virulence factors (VF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of VF related to ExPEC, serotypes, and phylogenetic groups in 45 strains isolated from 33 dogs and 7 cats with UTI. These strains presented serogroups related with extraintestinal infections, e.g. O6 (20%), O2 (16%), O25 (4%), O4 e O11 (each one) and the following genes: fimH (100%), pap (47%), sfa (33%) e iha (4%); ibeA (29%); cnf1 (31%), hlyA (27%); fyuA (80%), iucD (22%); traT (51%); cvaC (20%) e malX (67%), cvaC (20%), and malX (67%). All feline strains were concentrated in B2 (89%) and D (11%) phylogenetic groups, whereas the canine ones were distributed in the four groups, A (5,5%), B1 (19,5%), B2 (55,5%) and D (19,5%). These findings suggesting that ExPEC isolated from dog and cat contain virulence markers to cause diseases, more severe than UTI, likewise in humans. Besides, these the close similarity between human and animal ExPEC supports the hypotesis of zoonotic potencial of them.

Compared to males in almost any social group in all affluent nations, Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men suffer from substantially more serious illnesses and early death. To date, research done by or in collaboration with Indigenous communities has revealed the extent of the problems that arise from diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, cancers, respiratory diseases, psychological disorders, accidental injuries, violence and other causes. Reproductive health, however, rarely has been studied among Indigenous men. To date, research in this field has been limited mainly to studies of sexually transmitted infections. No data has been published on Aboriginal men's symptoms of prostate disease or erectile dysfunction, nor has the clinical screening and treatment of these disorders among these men been assessed. In-depth search of the worldwide web demonstrated that little information on these issues was available from other Indigenous populations. It does appear that Indigenous men in Australia, New Zealand and North America are less likely than European-ancestry men to die from prostate cancer, or for living cases to be recorded on cancer registries. This may arise because Indigenous men genuinely have a lower risk, or because they are not captured by official statistics, or because they do not live long enough to develop severe prostate disease. We also know very little about other reproductive health problems such as sexual dysfunction and specifically erectile difficulties. One reason for our scant knowledge is that research mainly relies on self-report of sensitive information. The aim of the research study was to improve the understanding of sexual and reproductive health problems experienced by Indigenous men. This is best gathered by Aboriginal males who are inside the culture of middleaged and older Indigenous men, but until now this has not been attempted. In this study we adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) definitions for Reproductive and Sexual Health (WHO, 2001). Thus, we consider reproductive system disorders (prostate disease, erectile dysfunction) and related health care-seeking, and also men's perceptions about a "satisfying and safe sexual life". The methodology was framed within an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research protocol that advocates respect for cultural, social and community customs. A mixed method design combined qualitative inquiry (4 focus groups and 18 in-depth interviews) and quantitative survey (n=301) involving men living in remote, rural and urban communities (Tiwi Islands, Darwin and north and south-east Queensland). Survey data were compared to recently published self-reports from 5990 randomly selected men aged over 40 years in Australia (Holden et al., 2005, The Lancet, 366, 218-224. The qualitative interviews revealed that most men were silent about reproductive health. They were unwilling to reveal their inner feelings to wives or partners, and they were unwilling to discuss such issues with doctors and other health care workers. Men's reaction to sexual difficulties included shame, denial, substance abuse and occasionally violence. On a positive note many men said they want to learn about it, so they understand how to cope with such problems. The Indigenous men reported symptoms of erectile dysfunction at least as much as non-Indigenous men in other Australian studies. Bivariate analysis showed that erectile dysfunction was correlated with many health and lifestyle variable. However multivariate analysis revealed that only three factors significantly predicted ED: presence of chronic disease, presence of pain when working, and living in a remote geographic location The quantitative survey data indicate that Indigenous men have more symptoms of prostate disease than non-Indigenous men. The syndrome appears to be poorly managed in clinical practice (e.g. rates of PSA testing and digital-rectal examination are only one-third the rate reported by non-Aboriginal men, despite equivalent likelihood of GP visits). The research study adds to the literature by providing better insight and depth into the issues impacting on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males experiencing reproductive and sexual health difficulties. It also provides a platform to undertake comprehensive research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men to explore a wider spectrum of questions in this important but neglected area. Implications for education of primary healthcare workers and community-based awareness campaigns for Indigenous males are discussed. Most of all, this study revealed "layers" of silence around sexual and reproductive health of Indigenous men. This includes silence in the scientific establishments in health services, and in the community. It is hoped that this study puts the voices of the men forward to help to break down this silence.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Gabriela_Uchoa.pdf: 897498 bytes, checksum: 9761f9b1b5b6c7f028d1d5674bbaa4d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-06 / Urinary disorders are an important discovery in the ileocystoplasties, especially uroliths and bladder crystals, and are partially related to the kind of material used the in suture itself. The purpose of this study is to verify if there are differences regarding the formation of uroliths or bladder crystals after dogs ileocystoplasties practices involving sutures using unabsorbed titanium staples and sutures with polyglatine 910, observing the impact of the procedure in the renal function, modifications in the urinary constituents and differences in the surgery time duration between the groups. For that, two experimental groups of animals, each one with six, have been considered. In one group it has been used a polyglactin 910 suture thread (group A) and in the other, a titanium stapler (group B). In each animal of both groups there was selected a terminal ileac segment with approximately 5 cm for bladder augmentation. In group A, a suture of the detubularized ileum segment in bladder was executed using a polyglactin 910. In group B, the bladder augmentation with the selected ileac segment was done by linear cutter stapler using titanium staples. It was observed the presence of struvite crystals in both groups, in 11 animals of the experiment. In group A the operation duration was longer if compared to group B . It was also observed the formation of urinary mucus in great quantity in all animals in the post-operation first days. It was confirmed the formation of calculi in two animals, one in each experimental group, but in the group A animal the calculi was free from lumen and in the group B animal the stone was adhered to the stapling zone, attached to a staple that got exposed to direct contact with the urine. In the parameters verified in the urinalysis, urea and seric creatinine there was no sign of renal alteration and in the verification of blood count, no alterations were noticed or considered significant. It was possible to conclude that no significant differences were observed between the groups as for the formation of urinary stones and crystals in ileocystoplasties after 100 days. If compared to group B , Group A presented a longer operation and there were not evidences of alteration in the renal function in any phase of the experiment in both groups / Alterações urinárias são um importante achado nas ileocistoplastias, sobretudo os urólitos e a cristalúria, e em parte estão relacionados ao tipo de material de sutura envolvido neste procedimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existe diferença na formação de urólitos ou cristalóides urinários após ileocistoplastias em cães, realizadas por meio de sutura com grampos inabsorvíveis de titânio e sutura com poliglactina 910, observando o impacto do procedimento na função renal, alterações nos constituintes urinários e a diferença de tempo cirúrgico entre os grupos. Utilizou-se dois grupos experimentais com seis animais cada, um com fio de poliglactina 910 para a sutura da ileocistoplastia (grupo A), e outro usando grampos de titânio (grupo B). Em cada animal foi selecionado um segmento de aproximadamente 5 cm de íleo terminal para ampliação vesical. No grupo A realizou-se a sutura do segmento ileal detubulizado na bexiga com fio de poliglactina 910. No grupo B foi realizada a ampliação vesical com o segmento ileal selecionado com auxílio de grampeador linear cortante para detubulização e sutura grampos de titânio. Observou-se a presença de cristais de estruvita em 11 animais de ambos os grupos do experimento. No grupo A o tempo operatório foi maior se comparado ao grupo B . Foi possível observar a formação de grande quantidade de muco na urina de todos os animais já nos primeiros dias de pós-operatório. Verificou-se a formação de cálculos em dois animais, um de cada grupo experimental, sendo que no grupo A o cálculo estava livre no lúmen e no grupo B o cálculo estava aderido à zona de grampeamento, ligado a um grampo em contato direto com a urina. Dentro dos parâmetros avaliados na urinálise, uréia e creatina séricas, não houve qualquer sinal de alteração renal e nas avaliações de hemograma não foram percebidas alterações significativas. Foi possível concluir que não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto à formação de cristais urinários e urólitos após 100 dias das ileocistoplastias, o grupo A apresentou maior tempo cirúrgico se comparado ao grupo B e não houve evidências de alteração na função renal em nenhuma fase do experimento em ambos os grupos.