Organisationer med komplexa projekt som sträcker sig över ett flertal år finner svårigheter att förhålla sig till projektens fördefinierade parametrar tid, kostnad och omfattning. Skenande kostnader och förseningar är vanligt förekommande i dessa typer av projekt, då projekten omfattar ett samspel av ett flertal aktiviteter och där projektets omfattning ofta förändras. Det finns metoder som verksamheter kan tillämpa för att kontrollera ovannämnda parametrar och i ett tidigt skede kunna identifiera när någon av parametrar tenderar att överskridas. En metod som styrker prestationsmätningar är Earned Value Mangament, EVM. Syftet med studien var att identifiera vart organisationer brister gentemot branschstandarden inom EVM, ANSI/EIA-748. Standarden innehåller viktiga steg för att kunna utföra en korrekt prestationsmätning tillsammans med teorin från Earned Value Management. Resultat studien presentera indikerar på att organisationer måste skapa tydliga riktlinjer hur ANSI/EIA-748 skall tillämpas. Till exempel att alla bryter ner arbetet och fördelar sina budgetar på samma sätt. Studiens resultat antyder också att Rolling Wave är ett lämpligt verktyg för komplexa och långa projekt. Av den anledningen att projektledare inte planerar för mycket i onödan eftersom projektets omfattning ständigt förändras.

A sobrevivência de uma organização no mundo de hoje é alcançada através da busca por oportunidades e os projetos são lançados com o propósito de tirar vantagens destas oportunidades. De acordo com Smith e Merritt (2002), em relação a outros tipos de projetos, os de desenvolvimento de produto trazem elementos de risco adicionais, pois a estes está associado um grande teor de inovação. O gerenciamento de riscos é um componente fundamental para se obter êxito no gerenciamento de projetos. \"[...] Sem um tratamento adequado, riscos podem introduzir o caos e o fracasso ao projeto, por mais que este tenha sido inicialmente bem planejado e gerenciado [...]\" (ROYER, 2000, p. 6, tradução nossa). Este trabalho apresenta, com base em uma revisão bibliográfica, os processos, conceitos e ferramentas de gerenciamento de riscos e, através de um estudo de caso, explora sua aplicação em um projeto da Embraer para desenvolvimento de um novo produto, que utilizando um gerenciamento de riscos baseado na mensuração e controle sistemático do valor da exposição aos riscos, entregou todos os produtos finais contratados dentro do prazo e custos previstos e em conformidade com todos os requisitos técnicos especificados. O mesmo desempenho não foi verificado em um projeto predecessor, também da Embraer, similar em escopo e tecnologia envolvida, e que teve o seu gerenciamento de riscos implementado somente alguns anos após a sua ativação. Este projeto predecessor conseguiu entregar para o cliente todos os produtos contratados, porém com prazos e custos muito além das previsões iniciais. / Nowadays, the survival of an organization is reached through the search for opportunities and projects are launched in order to take advantage of these opportunities. According to Smith and Merritt (2002), product development projects, compared with other types of projects, have additional risk elements due to the high level of innovation associated to them. The risk management is a vital component for achieving the success in project management. \"[...] without mitigation, risks will introduce chaos and failure into an otherwise well-planned and managed project [...]\" (ROYER, 2000, p. 6). This dissertation presents the risk management processes, concepts and tools based on literature review and explores, using the methodology of case study, its application in an Embraer\'s project for the development of a new product that, through a risk management based on the systematic measurement and control of the risk exposure value, delivered all the contracted final deliveries within foreseen dates and costs, and in conformity with the specified technical requirements. The same performance was not noticed in a previous project, from Embraer as well, similar in scope and technology involved that had its risk management implanted only some years after its beginning. This previous project managed to deliver all contracted products to customer, however with dates and costs far beyond the initial forecasting.

In light of growing criticism towards New Public Management and its effects, interest has been directed at alternative management control concepts in the public sector. Whether Public Value Management is an alternative, possibly even a new paradigm, is being discussed on the research front. New Public Management and Public Value Management have evolved in parallel during the past decades. However, New Public Management has had greater impact, not least in governments’ control of state agencies. The aim of the thesis is to gain an understanding of how ideas about the creation of public value diverge between New Public Management and Public Value Management. Beyond the research question of whether management control meets the demands of efficiency and customer-orientation as addressed in previous studies on reforms influenced by New Public Management, this thesis deals with the issue of creating value for the benefit of society. In a qualitative approach, the research is based on interpretations of documents, observations and interviews with examples from state agencies in the museum sector. The result of the study shows that differences between New Public Management and Public Value Management are expressed in notions of accountability, results and proficiency. The time perspective differs, as do the means of financing and involvement of stakeholders. Reforms in line with Public Value Management call for the involvement or consideration of a larger circle of stakeholders, including future generations. The findings of the thesis suggest that the diverging perceptions of value creation does not rule out that elements from both concepts can be combined and complement each other. The main issue is to take into account the contribution made to public value, considering whether the mandate is a long-term government assignment in line with Public Value Management or if it involves activities well suited to New Public Management with prerequisites for market orientation. The dissertation contributes to research in the field of management control in the public sector and the issue of public value.

Managementidéer och modeller som New Public Management (NPM) fick i början av 1990-talet ett stort genomslag i den offentliga förvaltningen. Reformer har därmed gjorts i rationalitetens och effektivitetens tecken. Tidigare forskning visar att NPM även slagit igenom stort på det kulturpolitiska området. Det saknas dock studier som har kombinerat NPM och kulturarvssektorn som helhet. I uppsatsen undersöks hur NPM har tolkats och omsatts i regeringens styrning av den statliga kulturarvsförvaltningen 1990 till idag. Undersökningen har bestått av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av officiella dokument för myndigheterna Riksantikvarieämbetet, Riksarkivet och Statens historiska museer i form av regleringsbrev, myndighetsinstruktioner, samt kultur- och kulturarvsinriktade propositioner och SOU:er. Nyinstitutionell organisationsteori har utgjort uppsatsens övergripande teori. Därutöver har NPM-teori och teoribildning inom Public Value Management (PVM) fungerat som teoretiska utgångspunkter. PVM har använts som en teoretisk motvikt till NPM i syfte att bättre förstå kulturarvsförvaltningens specifika förutsättningar. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att NPM framför allt har påverkat styrningen av kulturarvsförvaltningen på ett idémässigt plan. Detta har inneburit att rationalitetsbaserade värderingar har adderats till de redan existerande kulturprofessionella/humanistiska i styrningen av kulturarvsförvaltningen. Mål- och resultatstyrningen av de tre undersökta myndigheterna har stundtals över den studerade tidsperioden balanserat på gränsen till att ta över det för kulturområdet så viktiga armslånga avståndet mellan politik och förvaltning. Kulturarvsförvaltningens kärnfrågor urval och värdering har dock inte varit föremål för detaljstyrning från regeringen.

Obsahem práce je téma Customer Value Management (CVM) v oblasti telekomunikací. Z důvodu poměrně velké saturace tohoto trhu nabývá na důležitosti navyšování tržeb plynoucí ze stávající zákaznické báze. Za hlavní cíle jsem vytyčil zpracování komplexního teoretického základu CVM a studie zabývající se nastavením efektivního retenčního procesu. V teoretické části čtenáře seznamuji se základními aspekty CVM - hodnota zákazníka (CLV), Campaign Management System, odchozí a příchozí komunikační kampaně a kontaktní strategie. Nedílnou součástí je popis Business Intelligence nástrojů -- prediktivní modely a zákaznická segmentace. Praktická část spočívá ve vypracování zmíněné studie. V reálném prostředí telekomunikační společnosti jsem analyzoval současný stav retenčního procesu a na základě zjištěných informací jsem navrhl nové CVM aktivity, které vedou ke zvýšení hodnoty zákaznické báze. Hlavními přínosy práce jsou poskytnutí teoretického základu o oblasti CVM, který slouží jako dostačující informační zdroj pro potřeby v akademickém i business prostředí a navržená studie CVM aktivit v retenčním procesu vhodná pro použití i ve společnostech mimo telekomunikační odvětví.

This diploma thesis analyzes the current state of development projets at company in therms of planning and monitoring of progression with using project management according to the principles PMBOK. Its aim is to design improvements that would help streamline the functioning of department.

Although psychotherapy has been viewed historically as value-neutral, developments over the last half-century have led to the generally accepted position that values are inescapable in therapy. However, many questions remain as to how values should be managed in psychotherapy in order to protect client autonomy. These issues are of particular concern to training programs, which bear the responsibility of instructing new psychologists in ethical values management and of helping trainees manage personal values when those values are in conflict with those of their clients or with the values of the field in general. One aspect that has not previously been investigated is the perceptions of trainees around value-related issues. This study used qualitative research methods to investigate the perceptions of recent psychology graduates regarding the role of values, value management strategies, training in value-related areas, and the resolution of value-related dilemmas. Seventeen recent graduates from Counseling Psychology, Clinical Psychology, or Professional Psychology doctoral programs were interviewed. Their responses led to following nine themes: 1. Psychology graduates disagreed about appropriate roles for therapist values. 2. Value differences between therapist and client were seen as both potentially harmful and potentially helpful. 3. Participants reported using different strategies to manage value differences. 4. Most participants felt it might be acceptable to influence a client to change their values in certain situations. 5. Participants did not report preferences regarding the value similarity of their clients and reported varying reactions to value differences. 6. Participants disagreed on whether trainees should be required to see clients with very different values. 7. Participants generally felt positive about their training experiences, but recommended more practical instruction in values management. 8. Participants' experiences with race and religion suggested unique training concerns. 9. Value-related decisions were seen as contextually grounded and based primarily on perceptions of beneficence. It is hoped that these findings further the dialogue on appropriate value management strategies in therapy and assist training programs in evaluating the training they provide students in areas of value differences and value conflicts.

Denna studie handlar om styrningen av Stadsutvecklingsprojektet i Varbergs kommun. Studien syftar till att undersöka vilka styridéer som uttrycks i styrdokumenten för Stadsutvecklingsprojektet och om Varbergs kommun har följt post-NPM-trenderna i styrningen av projektet sett till vilka styridéer som uttrycks i styrdokumenten. Post-NPM-trenderna Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning, New Public Governance och Public Value Management används tillsammans med New Public Management som idealtyper för att analysera styrdokumenten. Genom att undersöka detta får vi djupare kunskaper om hur förändringen och utvecklingen som skett av den offentliga styrningen senaste decennierna - genom att olika former av styrning har introducerats och trendat - har påverkat styrningen av en svensk kommun. Resultatet visar att styridéer från alla styrformer som nämns ovan uttrycks i styrdokumenten men att idéer från styrformerna inom post-NPM och speciellt Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning är frekvent förekommande. Detta visar i sin tur på att Varbergs kommun har följt post-NPM-trenderna i styrningen av Stadsutvecklingsprojektet sett till vilka styridéer som uttrycks i styrdokumenten.

目前經濟的主軸環繞著三大趨勢：通聯資訊科技，貿易的全球化與知識經濟運轉。資訊決定議價能力，全球化使競爭更加激烈，「微利」為成熟產業的普遍現象。「模式創新」成為企業永續經營的惟一途徑。 利豐貿易，成立於1906年，一家歷經三代家族經營的代辦採買貿易公司，在80年代，歷經組織重組與營業模式的創新，發展成為目前旗下擁有香港最大的出口貿易公司，市值達數百億港元的大貿易商利豐貿易（0494）與經營供應鏈整合的利豐經銷與零售業（ｏｋ便利店與玩具反斗城）之利豐零售。 “利豐貿易”的發展與管理備受各界關注，《哈佛商業評論》主編瓊安．瑪格瑞塔（Joan Magretta）於編選《新經濟時代管理大師觀點》（Managing in the New Economy）時，將其與“戴爾電腦”（Dell Computer）並列為最佳觀念實踐的公司。 “利豐貿易”透過解構價值鏈與現代網路資訊科技的運用，將危機化為轉機，首創「分散式生產」模式，從其全球供應網絡中，找出最符合客戶需求的解決方案。此模式後來廣為其同業所採用，且有愈來愈多的大型製造業亦開始 採用此種作業模式。 本研究為探討性研究，透過學術界（主要為哈佛大學）對個案公司的訪談與案例 資料的研讀與整理、個案公司資料的收集與整理，歸納研究在目前這個被稱為新（資訊）經濟環境下，一個經營傳統產業的企業如何透過供應鏈的創新與現代化的管理，實現其價值訴求使企業營收成長並持續獲利倍增。 / The mainstream of the world economy currently are: Net Communication Technology, Trade Globalization and Knowledge Econolmy. Information decided the power of bargaining, globalization makes competition tougher than before, "No profit" or "tiny" profit becomes the general situation for any mutual industry, "remodelize your business type"is the only way for your enterprise's survival. Li & Fung Ltd. formed in 1906, after serveral restucture and remodeling,in the age of 80, becomes the largest trading company of HK, listed in HK exchange market (code 0494) with value more than billions of HK$, the family also own Li & Fung Retailing and Li & Fung distribution. The management and development of "Li & Fung Ltd" were eyecatching by different people, Joan Magretta, the editor of "Harvard Business Review" has classified it together with "Dell corporation" as the best practice company in her " Managing in the New Economy" "Li & Fung Ltd" by using modern information technology to destructure their value chain, turn their weakness to strength, initial "loose coupled control" manufacuring model, to provide theit customer best solution from their world wide supplier network. The supply model suddenly becomes the general model for the industry, and more and more large manufacture adopt such model. This report is a reasearch study, through reading papers, company's inforamtion and interviewed some peer companies to conclude that how a traditional company to make themself so successful in the "New Economy" environment and what can we learn from it.

The main idea of current PhD thesis is the analysis of bank value and risk interdependence, and that bank value is conected with bank activity riskiness on consistent pattern and that this dependency is advisable to measure on probability basis with simulation modeling. In the work are presented systemic view of risk, risk sorts, risk management including cash flow risk management and credit risk management, bank value and valuation methodology, modeling and use in practical tasks. / Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos banko vertės ir rizikos sąveikos problemos, ginama tezė, kad banko vertė susijusi su banko veiklos rizikų portfeliu dėsningai ir kad šią priklausomybę tikslinga matuoti per tikimybės ir patikimumo prizmes imitavimo būdu. Darbe pateikiamas susistemintas požiūris į riziką, jos rūšis, rizikos valdymą išskiriant pinigų srautų rizikos valdymą bei kredito rizikos val-dymą atskirai, bei į banko vertę ir banko vertinimo metodologiją, modeliavimą, jų taikymą praktikoje.