This thesis deals with crime of dangerous harassement (stalking) in Czech Republic. It focuses on current legislation and possible future legislation changes. It deals with the most common types of harassement and its specific relationship to domestic violence. It focuses not just on the personality of offender but also on status of the victims and its possibilities of protection against stalking. It also deals with the penalties imposed for this crime under Czech law and performs comparative study of Czech and international regulations, especially of Austria, German and the United States of America.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renan Evangelista Silva.pdf: 1131779 bytes, checksum: fa28f01d3bbd662b8bb71c0aef54a4b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-26 / The philosopher Enrique Dussel has sought throughout his thinking and his works, make a new approach and reinterpretation of the colonizing process in Latin America. Our part of the author's thesis that the year 1492 was the beginning of the Amerindian masking by a domineering and violent ethos brought by Europeans. In the first chapter of the thesis, presents the historical context of Latin American from 1492 with the arrival of Columbus and the beginning of the deployment of European colonization process from the idea that culture and life of the natives did not have any ethical value and cultural, forcing the indigenous culture to give rise to the culture of the colonizers. In the second chapter, it is critical to the concept of Euro centrism, especially the Hegelian view of history, starting from the liberating practice of Fray Bartolome de Las Casas, who knew how to understand and respect the differences between Indians and settlers and to develop a "Good Colonization" , respecting differences and customs of the natives. In the chapter sees himself as the philosopher Enrique Dussel presents a new way of conceiving ethics Latino Americana, a new release called ethos, in which the otherness of lost Latino Americano resumed though the awakening of the victims, through their awareness the situation of oppression. This principle of freedom will find in the philosopher's ethics E. Lévinas support needed to understand the dimension of otherness and respect for the victims of the process of Euro centrism / O filósofo Enrique Dussel vem buscando ao longo de seu pensamento e de suas obras, fazer uma nova abordagem e releitura do processo colonizador na América Latina. Nosso autor parte da tese de que o ano de 1492 foi o começo do encobrimento do ameríndio por um éthos dominador e violento trazido pelos europeus. No primeiro capítulo da dissertação, apresenta-se o contexto histórico latinoamericano a partir de 1492 com a chegada de Colombo, e o início da implantação do processo colonizador europeu, a partir da ideia de que a cultura e a vida dos nativos não possuíam nenhum valor ético e cultural, obrigando a cultura indígena a dar lugar à cultura dos colonizadores. No segundo capítulo, faz-se a crítica ao conceito do eurocentrismo, principalmente à visão hegeliana da história, partindo da prática libertadora de Frei Bartolomeu de Las Casas, que soube entender e respeitar as diferenças entre índios e colonizadores e desenvolver uma Boa Colonização , respeitando as diferenças e os costumes dos nativos. No terceiro capítulo vê-se como o filósofo Enrique Dussel apresenta uma nova maneira de se conceber a ética latinoamericana, um novo éthos chamado libertação, em que a alteridade perdida do latinoamericano é retomada através do despertar das vítimas, por meio de sua tomada de consciência da situação de opressão. Esse princípio de libertação encontrará na ética do filósofo E. Lévinas o seu apoio necessário para entender a dimensão da alteridade e do respeito para com as vítimas do processo do eurocentrismo

The prostitution debate in Sweden is generally divided into two dualistic counterparts; one side that sees prostitution as the worst form of oppression, and the other that wants to acknowledge it as a profession and normalize the perception of sex work. The purpose of this essay is to implement a comparative analysis between two organizations that appear to belong to these two counterparts, Intedinhora (Notyourwhore) and Fuckförbundet (Fuckunion). The method involves a comparative analysis, where the two organizations are set against each other to find similarities and differences. Intersectionality, queer theory and discourse theory are used in the analysis - theories that emphasize the importance of the social, cultural and historical contexts that forms individuals and groups structures. The theories help to explain how the organizations looks at prostitution. In a derivation from the theories I found three key concepts that I applied on the material: power, sexuality and victim. The analysis is divided into these key concepts where similarities and differences are described. It appears that the organizations share some similarities, mainly in the view of why some people sell sex and not others. They, lean towards an intersectional understanding of the interaction of power symmetry on people’s lives, where class, race and sexual identity affect what choices a person has. However, they seem to differ greatly in the view of the future of the prostitution industry. Intedinhora belongs to those who want prostitution to cease and acknowledge the Swedish sex law as something good, while Fuckförbundet wants to elevate it as a legitimate profession, annul the law in a way to transform the view on the sex worker as an active agent. To sum up, the debate can be understood as dualistic, although there are some similarities between the two sides, mostly in their emphasis on the importance to look at class, sexual identity and race to describe why some sell sex, and another buy it. Fuckförbundet, however, seems to be more ideological than theoretical in their argument than Intedinhora.

Na capital paulista, desde fevereiro de 2015, uma pessoa presa em flagrante deve ser levada, em até 24 horas, a uma audiência de custódia, em que o juiz decidirá se ela permanecerá presa ou terá direito à liberdade provisória durante o processo penal que poderá ser instaurado. Com o objetivo de reduzir o excessivo número de prisões provisórias e permitir a identificação de casos de abuso policial, essas audiências foram criadas pelo Provimento Conjunto nº 03/2015 do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo. A partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica, que contou com a observação de 692 pessoas apresentadas em audiências de custódia, entre fevereiro e dezembro de 2015, reflito sobre as percepções morais que os profissionais do sistema de justiça criminal, atuantes em tais audiências, expressaram a respeito de as pessoas custodiadas poderem ter sofrido violência policial. Através do que chamei de mecanismos de silenciamento, discuto como uma nova fase pré-processual, criada para a apuração de maus tratos policiais cometidos durante prisões em flagrante, pode submeter pessoas presas a experiências de humilhação. Também analiso de que forma o conceito de vítima é disputado, uma vez que a pessoa custodiada, ao mesmo tempo que é apresentada como autora de um ou mais delitos, também pode ter sofrido violações de direitos. / In the capital of São Paulo, since February 2015, a person arrested must be taken within 24 hours to a custody hearing in which the judge will decide whether he will remain in custody or will be entitled to provisional release during criminal proceedings that may be established. With the objective of reducing the excessive number of provisional imprisonment and allowing the identification of cases of police abuse, these hearings were created by Joint Appeal No. 03/2015 of the Court of Justice of São Paulo. Based on an ethnographic research of 692 people brought to custody hearings between February and December 2015, I reflect on the moral perceptions that practitioners of the criminal justice system, acting in such hearings, have expressed about whether the persons in custody may have suffered police violence. Through what I have called silencing mechanisms, I discuss how a new pre-procedural phase, created for the detection of police mistreatment committed during flagrant prisons, can subject people to experiences of humiliation. I also analyze how the concept of victim is disputed, since the person in custody, while being presented as the perpetrator of one or more crimes, also may have suffered violations of rights.

The current study sought to assess the impact of the race, gender, and ethnicity of rape victims on college students’ propensity to assign culpability to victims. Using a sample of college students (n=279) from a mid-sized Southeastern university, respondents were given a set of six different vignettes, varying only by victim characteristics. These vignettes featured alcohol-facilitated sexual assault between acquaintances, a common occurrence in college environments. Respondents were asked to evaluate the culpability of the victim through a blameworthiness scale. Through the incorporation of the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale, this study also measured the respondents’ propensity to assign blame to female rape victims and to alleviate male perpetrators of any responsibility. Results indicated that adherence to rape myth acceptance was a more significant predictor of blameworthiness than victim or respondent characteristics. This exploratory study was designed to add to the growing body of literature examining attitudes toward acquaintance rape.

Notre recherche nous amène à nous intéresser à la détermination de la peine et à la manière dont les juges mobilisent, à ce stade des procédures, les inputs des victimes qui y sont fréquemment observées. À la fin des années 1980, le rôle de la victime dans les procédures judiciaires s’est étendu de la victime-témoin de l’acte (témoin traditionnel) à celui de la victime-témoin de l’impact. Le contexte théorique de cette recherche est celui d’une combinaison de la théorie des systèmes autoréférentiels de Niklas Luhmann et de la théorie de la rationalité pénale moderne d’Alvaro P. Pires. Le système judiciaire, désignant ici les tribunaux ayant compétence en matière criminelle et pénale, est compris comme un système opérationnellement clos sur lui-même, mais cognitivement ouvert sur son environ-nement (Luhmann, 1992). À l’intérieur de ce cadre théorique, l’ouverture cognitive du système judiciaire, au moment de déterminer la peine, est structurellement déterminée par les théories de la peine formant le système d’idée de la rationalité pénale moderne (RPM) (Pires, 2008). La relation que le système judiciaire développe avec les victimes d’actes criminels serait alors soumise hypothétiquement à l’influence de cette rationalité juridique. Ainsi, plutôt que de voir les victimes comme étant hostiles en elles-mêmes, nous voulons explorer l’influence du système dans la sélection et la mise en forme d’un discours victimaire répressif.

Research shows that women who have been sexually assaulted once are more likely to be sexually assaulted again (revictimized). Several factors contribute to the likelihood of a woman being revictimized, including social support, personal behavior, and psychological health. This research proposes that a combination of these factors contributes to a woman’s self-perception as a victim or survivor of sexual assault. It is this self-perception that determines revictimization. Twenty women were interviewed to explore the victim or survivor mentality and its relation to revictimization. All women had negative consequences of the assault. Negative consequences lead some women to develop a victim mentality. Some women were able to find positive consequences out of their assault and developed a survivor mentality. Revictimization was linked to negative consequences of the initial victimization and the victim mentality that resulted from the negative consequences. Reasons for non-revictimization were somewhat the opposite of the reasons for revictimization and were linked to positive consequences of the assault and the survivor mentality that resulted from the positive consequences. The overall attitudes and behaviors of a sexual assault victim determines whether she views herself as a victim or survivor which significantly impacts the likelihood of her revictimization.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) affects approximately one in four women every year in the United States (Black et al., 2011). As a result, determining the potential implications IPV has on the victims requires extensive research and education. The manner in which a victim is responded to by others following abuse may have important implications for their adjustment following IPV. Identifying factors that contribute to the quality of responses towards victims of violence can help to inform future intervention and prevention programs; assist in decreasing mental health problems, and reduce the incidence rates of IPV. The purpose of the present study was to examine dating violence myths and victim blaming depending on severity of violence among male and female college students. A sample of 927 male (n = 222) and female (n = 705) psychology undergraduate college students were randomly assigned to receive one of four hypothetical vignettes depicting varying levels of dating violence (i.e., yelling, punching a hole in the wall, shoving, and physical assault). Respondents completed measures of perceived severity of violence presented in the vignette, victim blame, and adherence to domestic violence myths. Gender had a significant effect on severity of violence depicted in the least severe condition F(1,246) = 5.03, p = .03. Additionally, gender had a significant effect on blaming tendencies in the least severe condition F(1,238) = 9.98, p = .02. However, gender did not have a significant effect endorsement of dating violence myths a. Study findings’ implications, limitations and future directions will be discussed.

While current psychological theory and research suggest conceptual associations between bullying and behavioral disorders, there is a gap in the literature examining such relationships. Although contemporary theories of aggression describe emotional, social, and cognitive risk factors that are common both, associations between bully-victim patterns and ODD have not been studied to date. This exploratory study addressed this gap by surveying 27 teachers to assess their reports of aggressive behaviors and socioemotional patterns of 58 male middle school students who were identified through school investigations as involved in bullying incidents. Between-group differences for students classified as bullies, victims, or bully-victims were examined for symptoms of behavioral disorders (including ODD) and types of aggression (proactive, reactive). Measures included the Bully Behavior questionnaire, SNAP-IV, and Teacher Rating Scale. Kruskal-Wallis analyses of between-group differences indicated that, in general, bullies and bully-victims scored higher than victims on measures of behavioral symptoms and aggression but did not differ from each other on any behavioral disorders or types of aggression. Findings may reflect difficulties with measurement instruments sensitive enough to identify differences between bully and bully-victim behaviors, and with limitations to teachers' observations of students' interpersonal behaviors. Further, current school investigations do not adequately recognize bully-victim patterns. However, this study's attention to possible unique risks of behavioral disorders in bully-victim behavior patterns can inform schools, families, and communities to consider these risk factors and in their efforts to offer more effective approaches for prevention and intervention.

Secondary victims of traumatic violent crimes are subject to continuing the process of fighting for the loved ones they have lost. Once the offender is incarcerated, such victims may still have to face the process of parole if the offender has been granted a possibility of parole after years served. There is a gap in the literature and a need for research in the area of lived experiences for secondary victims as they progress through the parole process. For this study, a phenomenological study was utilized with 10 secondary victim participants. Participants were interviewed questions via telephone and the data were clustered and then thematically analyzed, revealing that participants had feelings of fear, depression, and being forgotten. The participants also stated a lack of aid and knowledge during the parole process and expressed their experiences of difficulty during the parole process. The study found a need for victim aid and resources. The study has positive social implication through research examining the need for victim aid and education for the criminal justice system.