Syftet med denna studie har varit att studera hur våld mot kvinnor och våld i hemmet definieras och konstrueras i den parlamentariska diskursen i autonoma samhällen. För att besvara syftet har vi gjort en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av utvalda dokument från två ärenden som tagits upp i Ålands Lagting, “Godkännande av Europarådets konvention om förebyggande och bekämpning av våld mot kvinnor och av våld i hemmet” och “Skyddshem för personer som drabbats av våld i nära relationer”. Urvalet består av transkriberade parlamentsdebatter och ett lagförslag om skyddshem. Uppsatsens vetenskapliga förhållningssätt är socialkonstruktionism och Hydéns normvetenskap och normmodell samt Hirdmans genussystem används för att tolka materialet. Resultaten av studien visar att det finns normativa förväntningar gällande våld mot kvinnor och våld i hemmet. Våldet konstrueras som i första hand fysiskt och i andra hand psykiskt. Våldsutövaren framställs vara en man och den våldsutsatta framställs vara en kvinna eller ett barn. Våldet förväntas ske i en kärnfamilj där barn närvarar och bevittnar när pappan utövar våld mot mamman. Mamman och barnet ses som en enhet och då den våldsutsatta kvinnan söker skydd förväntas det finnas medföljande barn. Heteronormen befästs i materialet då fokus är på kärnfamiljen och den heterosexuella relationen. Normer som etableras i den parlamentariska diskursen speglas i samhället. Definitionen av vem som är våldsutsatt respektive våldsutövare, och vad som definieras som våld, leder till att resurser formas efter de normativa förväntningarna. Våldsutsatta och våldsutövare som inte passar in i konstruktionen riskerar att osynliggöras och att inte få den hjälp de behöver, eftersom hjälpen inte är utformad för dem.

Sexual violence against women is a broad and serious problem all over the world, but South Africa is one of the countries that stand out with their high statistics, where women are mostly targeted and exposed to this violation. At the same time, there are many women’s and human right’s organisations in South Africa working to address sexual violence and support survivors and fighting for equality between men and women. In this study, five organisations have been interviewed, whereof four of them are working with religious leaders as an approach to fights sexual violence. The result and analysis suggest the importance of both women’s and human rights organisations as norm entrepreneurs, as well as the importance of religious leaders as local actors to facilitate the work of internalizing gender equality and fight sexual violence. The mentoring and support from organisations and the work with religious leaders have shown positive progress in several areas of their work to localize and internalize gender equality. However, the organisations are facing limitations in their work with religious leaders which might limit the progress of localization and internalization.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken betydelse husdjur har i Socialtjänstens arbete med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Data samlades in med webbenkäter som besvarades av 25 socialsekreterare i olika kommuner. Resultatet jämfördes med tidigare forskning och analyserades med begrepp från Bronfenbrenners ekologiska systemteori. Resultatet visar att socialsekreterarna bedömer att husdjur är viktiga att ha i åtanke i våldsärenden och i likhet med tidigare forskning har många erfarenhet av att kvinnor stannar kvar i våldsamma relationer på grund av oro för husdjur. Trots detta samverkar man sällan med andra aktörer och många uppgav att det saknas tydliga rutiner för klienters husdjur på arbetsplatsen. Vidare tror en majoritet inte att Socialtjänsterna i Sverige beaktar sambandet mellan våld mot kvinnor och våld mot husdjur. En slutsats är att relationen till husdjur kan försvåra ett uppbrott från en våldsam partner, men att detta inte beaktas i större utsträckning kan bero på husdjurens juridiska ställning. / The aim of the study was to investigate the importance of pets in the Social Services’ work with women subjected to domestic violence. Data were collected using web surveys answered by 25 social workers in different municipalities. The results show that the social workers assess pets as an important factor to keep in mind in cases of violence and that many have experience of women remaining in violent relationships due to concern for their pets. Despite this they rarely collaborate with animal agencies and some of the social workers experience that their workplace has a lack of clear guidelines regarding clients’ pets. A majority thinks that the link between violence against women and pets is not generally considered by the Social Services. A conclusion is that the current legal status of pets may be the reason why they are not considered more in social work and that this may constitute a risk factor for women remaining in violent relationships.

Hate crime and men’s violence against women are two well-recognised and highly prioritised human rights phenomena in both international and local contexts. Yet, the idea of linking the two phenomena together has received very limited support. As a series of lethal acts of Incel- violence – violence characterised by misogynistic motives and an alt-right ideology of male supremacy – have taken place globally in recent years, a discussion on the region of the human rights spectrum where gendered violence and hate crime legislation overlap is more relevant than ever. Thus, this study’s overarching purpose is to – through a comparative analysis of studies on hate crime and men’s violence against women from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden – investigate the definition of hate crime and its scope in relation to gendered violence with a primary objective of identifying factors that explain why violent crimes against women motivated by misogynistic principles are rarely, if ever, recognised as hate crimes. By drawing on explanatory models of normalisation and theories on power relations, the practice of othering, the male norm and the norm of masculinity, and gendered spheres, the study sets out to evaluate a thesis that suggests that the infrequent inclusion of violent crimes with female victims in the legal and general perception of hate crime can be at least partially explained with reference to the normalisation of male violence against women, and the traditional expectation and assumption that violence against women is rooted in personal, emotional conflicts rather than impersonal hate motives. The analysis initially explores how the gender category is positioned within the legal phenomenon of hate crime by looking at a generalised criteria for hate crime, the normative view on hate crime victims, the reporting and statistics of hate crime, and arguments for and against the inclusion of a gender category in legal statues on bias crimes. The analysis then moves on to analyse three different categories of violence against women – domestic abuse, sexual assault and rape, and Incel-violence – in relation to gendered power dynamics and norms. The study’s results show that even though motives of hate can be linked to different forms of gendered violence, the traditional understanding of what constitutes a hate crime and a hate crime victim along with stereotypical assumptions on what male-on-female violence looks like, makes men’s violence against women appear incompatible with the hate crime phenomenon even in situations when cases of gendered violence actually fit into the generalised hate crime criteria that legal authorities and the public accept as the definition of a hate crime.

For over two decades, the inclusion of trans women in women’s spaces and organizations such as transition houses has been discussed and debated by women-only organizations, feminists, trans activists, and the broader public. Drawing on an interpretive description approach, my research examines the experiences of transition house counsellors (“counsellors”) who have worked with trans women accessing residential support. My research topic and questions emerged from my experience as a counsellor and are informed by a desire to better meet the needs of trans women affected by intimate partner violence (“IPV”), and to help fill gaps in available research, information, and practical resources to help service providers meet the needs of trans women affected by IPV. Specifically, my research questions are: (1) what challenges, opportunities, and insights do counsellors experience when working with trans women clients, and (2) how do counsellors adjust and adapt their practices in response to these challenges, opportunities, and insights when working with trans women accessing transition house support? Using purposive sampling, I recruited nine counsellors who have worked with trans women accessing transition house support. Data collection involved semi-structured in-depth-interviews of these participants to gain an understanding of their experiences and perspectives related to working with trans women accessing transition house support. Consistent with an interpretive description approach to research, I analyzed my data by drawing on both my experience as a counsellor and through thematic qualitative analysis. My research finds that participants unanimously supported the inclusion of trans women in transition house settings. While the majority of participants emphatically stated that they did not respond to trans women any differently than they did to cis women, my findings show that how participants responded to trans women was informed by how well they perceived a trans client’s gender expression to match her gender identity. As such, my analysis reveals that participants’ responses to trans women was mediated by their unconscious adoption of a broader dominant heteronormative cisgenderist IPV framework that operates at both an individual and institutional level. My research therefore highlights some of the limitations that affect trans women accessing transition house support when counsellors and organizations respond to IPV through a heteronormative cisgenderist framework. / Graduate

No description available.

This qualitative study is based on interviews about womens experiences of mental pain due to violence in close relationships. Men’s violence against women in close partner relationships is a major societal problem today not only in Sweden but also worldwide. The most common violence that occurs are the ones at home which makes it a hidden problem. Therefore the lack of knowledge about the subject makes it difficult to prevent it from happening. The purpose of this essay was to study women's experiences of violence in close relationships and how they feel that they have been affected by the psychological pain that has arisen as a result of violence in close relationships or harassment that they have experienced. The violence can be psychological, physical and sexual and the abuser successively takes control over the women and her life. A qualitative study was conducted with a thematic analysis and interview guide where women had been in contact with different women’s shelter. The results showed that we need to work further with violence and include preventioned work

Syftet med denna flermetodsstudie har varit att med utgångspunkt i lagen (2023:196) om kommuners ansvar för brottsförebyggande arbete, som träder i kraft i juli 2023, ge en lägesbild av hur kommunerna i Uppsala län statistikför och arbetar med orosanmälningar gällande misstänkt våld. Studien skrevs på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen i Uppsala som del i det brottsförebyggande arbetet mot mäns våld mot kvinnor. För att besvara syftet har inledningsvis samtliga orosanmälningar på barn 0–17 år gällande misstänkt våld under 2022 begärts ut från kommunerna i Uppsala län. Insamlingen av statistik följdes av intervjuer med socialsekreterare och förstehandläggare från fem av åtta kommuner i Uppsala län. Studiens teoretiska ramverk är the Decision- Making Ecology och the General Assessment and Decision- Making Model, vilka används för att öka förståelsen för hur beslut fattas på barnskyddsområdet. Resultatet i den kvantitativa delen visade att det fanns en stor variation på hur orosanmälningar gällande misstänkt våld statistikförs mellan kommunerna i Uppsala län. Vidare framkom det att kommunerna definierar våld på olika sätt, och att enbart en kommun uttryckligen statistikför misstanke om barn som har bevittnat våld. Resultatet i den kvalitativa delen visade att majoriteten av intervjupersonerna uppger att merparten av orosanmälningar gällande misstänkt våld leder till utredning, och att det ska motiveras väl om detta frångås. Samtliga intervjupersoner betonar vikten av en välfungerande samverkan och flera berättar om arbetet med att informera andra professionella om deras lagstadgade plikt att anmäla oro enligt socialtjänstlagen (2001:453) 14 kap. 1 §. För att arbeta ur ett mer barnrättsperspektiv föreslås det att utveckla enhetliga sätt att statistikföra orosanmälningar gällande misstänkt våld samt gemensamma definitioner av olika former av våld.

This essay intends to interpret the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (CETS No. 210) using discourse analysis and theories of the sexual contract (Pateman 1988) and the male protective logic (Young 2003). The purpose is to find out which feminist discourses can be made visible in the convention, which subject positions are constructed within the framework of those discourses and how re- sponsibilities are distributed in contemporary policy documents. In summary the results show that the central subject positions within the convention consist of the protector, the victim and the perpetrator, which in turn include the majority of underlying subjects that both overlap each other and sometimes oppose each other's positions. The same subject who holds the po- sition of protector can also be the perpetrator and in this paradox are found, among others, the state and the violent man. A feminist discourse that underlies the convention's presentation is that unequal structures between binary gender categories, which is described as a fundamental problem when it comes to violence against women. Pointing out these structures risks of re- producing stereotypical notions of women and men as generalizable groups, but the convention also contributes through these representations to an international recognition of patriarchal structures and to shift the problem of men's violence against women and domestic violence from being a private matter to a problem for which the state should take responsibility.

[pt] A presente pesquisa apresenta as implicações jurídico-políticas que emergem de uma análise a respeito dos processos de violência desferidos contra mulheres negras a partir das concepções de zona do ser e zona do não ser de Frantz Fanon. O trabalho tem como marco teórico estudos críticos da colonialidade, com especial enfoque no pensamento feminista decolonial e afrodiaspórico. Analiso como as dinâmicas de poder e opressão na sociedade brasileira estão organizadas a partir de uma matriz de poder cisheteropatriarcal racista, racializando o gênero. Constatando que a rubrica violência contra mulheres é insuficiente para registrar processos de violência desferidos contra mulhres negras, apresento a concepção de violência racial-genderizada. A violência racial-genderizada, para além de nomear a indissocibilidade entre gênero e raça, explicita que aspectos racial-genderizados relativos aos sujeitos envolvidos na relação de violência mediarão a sua operação sob duas gramáticas distintas: do desvio, na zona do ser, e como regra, na zona do não ser. No entanto, na matriz de poder colonial, o direito não registra a pluralidade de gramáticas de violência, acabando por mistificar universalizações que, na realidade social, recusam a humanidade daquelas/daqueles situadas/situados na zona do não ser. Tais considerações, portanto, desafiam as fronteiras epistemológicas do direito, que somente opera categorias universalizadas, a se reconfigurar para registrar a dimensão pluriversal da violência. / [en] This work presents juridical-political implication that emerge from an analysis about violence against black women in relation to Frantz Fanon s conceptions of zone of being and zone of non being. Based on decolonial and afrodiasporic feminist thought, I analyse how dinamics of power and oppresion on brazilian society are organized in a racist-cisheteropatriarchal matrix of power, racializing the notion of gender. Once verified that the rubric violence against women is not suficient to register various processes of violence against black women, I present the concept of racial-gendered violence. In adition to naming the indissociability between race and gender, racialgendered violence explicit that racial-gendered aspects related to the subjects involved in the violent process mediate it s functioning under two distintic gramatics: as exception, in the zone of being, or as a rule, in the zone of non being. However, in the colonial matrix of power, the Law does not take account of a plurality of gramatics of violence, ending up mistifying universalizations which, in reality, deny the humanity of those situated in the zone of non being. These considerations, therefore, defy the epistemological borders of the Law to reconfigurate themselves in order to register decolonial pluriversal dimensions of violence.