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Die Dresdner Absolventenstudie beschreibt die Ergebnisse der Befragung von Absolvent/innen der Fakultät Forst-, Geo- und Hydrowissenschaften der TU Dresden des im Untertitel angegebenen Abschlusszeitraums zu den Themen Berufseinmündung, Tätigkeitsverlauf, Studienverlauf, retrospektive Studienbewertung und Zukunftsorientierungen. Darüber hinaus werden Kohorten- und Panelvergleiche zu befragten Absolvent/innen früherer Jahrgänge realisiert. Gegenstand sind auch Aspekte im Studium, die mit dem beruflichen Erfolg in Zusammenhang stehen.

Die Bewirtschaftungspläne der Lausitzer Neiße in Sachsen, Brandenburg und Polen sind nicht in allen Punkten kompatibel, andererseits erfordert sowohl die Umsetzung der Europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie als auch das Hochwasserrisikomanagement und das Management von Niedrigwasser eine Betrachtung des gesamten Einzugsgebietes, sodass sich die Notwendigkeit einer Abstimmung zwischen den zuständigen Behörden ergibt. Regelungen in Bezug auf das Management von Niedrigwasserbedingungen in Polen und Sachsen werden vergleichend gegenübergestellt und eine Reihe von Vorschlägen für eine gemeinsame Betrachtungsweise von Niedrigwasser und der Ermittlung und Festsetzung von Mindestwasserabflüssen formuliert. Die Publikation richtet sich an Angestellte von Wasserbehörden in Sachsen und Polen, Entscheidungstragende von Verbänden, Betrieben und Institutionen aus dem Wassersektor und die interessierte Öffentlichkeit. Redaktionsschluss: 02.03.2021

In the world, improving quality and reliability of water supply systems, improving access to clean drinking water for the populations in conditions of development and intensive growth of urban settlements are considered an important issue. In this research the most important issue is improving the calculation methods of water delivery and distribution systems within urban water supply complexes. In most countries such as the USA, Germany, Russia, Israel, South Korea, China and other economically developed countries, special attention has been paid to provide clean drinking water for their population, improve the quality of design for water supply systems and ensure reliability and design of water distribution system for urban settlements. A water supply network for distributing the water for drinking and other purposes is a component of a city and municipal planning. Therefore, it needs to be planned and designed by city planners and civil engineers with the utmost care. It is also necessary to consider of factors that will have an impact, such as the location of the town or city, its current water demand, the growth in the demand in future, leakage in the systems, the required pressure in the pipes, losses in the pipes, etc. Targeted research aimed to develop scientifically grounded calculation methods for studying and developing theoretical bases for calculation water delivery and distribution system within urban water supply complexes. The study also considered new working conditions and requirements for their modernization, which are especially important worldwide. In this study the most important tasks are to improve calculation methods of water delivery and distribution systems under the condition of multi-mode water flow in pipes and uncertainties of network parameters. Further, Mazar-e-Sharif city has been considered as a case to apply the developed mathematical calculation, describing water delivery and distribution processes, rational development and reconstruction of water delivery and distribution systems. Currently, a wide range of comprehensive studies is being carried out in many countries on the use of modern computer technologies on the implementation of comprehensive measures to improve access to clean drinking water in city, through the construction of new water tanks, an extension of the existing water tanks, sewerage facilities and water supply network. The development strategy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in line with SDG’s is first improving the supply and delivery of clean drinking water in each province of the country. Since many years the local Government of Balkh province and people of Mazar-e-sharif city are wishing to have the new modern water supply system to satisfy all needs but unfortunately, they did not success to get this opportunity. Mazar-e-Sharif is the second largest city in Afghanistan and the population is growing day by day as due to economic reasons people from other provinces immigrate to Mazar. The current water supply system is the individual/local distribution system made by the local community and some NGOs which are not standard, and the quality of the water is not satisfactory.:Table of Content CHAPTER 1 : Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Research Objectives 2 1.3 Structure of the thesis 3 1.4 Study Area 4 1.5 Socioeconomic conditions 5 1.6 Master Plan and Future Development 6 1.7 Physiography 7 1.8 Existing situation 8 1.8.1 Ground water 8 1.8.2 Water Quality 8 1.8.3 Surface Water 9 1.8.4 Actual Production 9 1.8.5 Storage 11 1.8.6 Operation of current Water Supply System 11 CHAPTER 2 : Literature review 13 2.1 Water Supply System 13 2.2 Water supply characteristics 15 2.3 Theory of hydraulic models 17 2.4 Analysis of existing theories and methodologies for modeling a water supply and distribution system in a water supply complex 31 CHAPTER 3 : Research methodology 36 3.1 Overview 36 3.2 Description of the properties and types of sets used in the model 38 3.3 Mathematical model of the water supply system 39 3.4 Mathematical model of the designed water supply network 41 3.5 Water flow continuity equation 43 3.6 Equation of water balance in tanks 44 3.7 Establishment of pressure loss in pipes, under the condition of optimal operation of tanks on the water supply system 44 3.8 The objective function of water supply network optimization 55 3.9 Limitations in optimizing the water supply network 58 3.10 Bringing distributed water consumption to network nodes of a water distribution system 60 3.11 Determination of rational parameters of a water distribution system 61 3.12 Determination of the parameters of water distribution system during the reconstruction of the existing water supply network 62 3.13 Mathematical model for optimizing the reconstruction of a water supply system 63 CHAPTER 4 : Result and Discussion 66 4.1 Assessment reliability of the results 66 4.2 Task 1 (Hydraulic calculation of a single-ring water supply network) 66 4.3 Task 2 (Hydraulic calculation of a multi-ring water supply network in simulation mode) 68 4.4 Task 3 (Test water supply network) 70 4.4.1 Water Demand 71 4.4.2 Parameters for Hydraulic Design 72 4.5 Design procedure 73 4.6 The structure of the software package and the model interface 83 4.6.1 Structure of the water supply optimization system 83 4.6.2 Optimization system control module 84 4.6.3 Graphical editor 84 4.7 Graphical editor input and output files 90 4.7.1 GDX file 90 4.7.2 Text file 90 4.8 EXCEL file 93 4.9 Water supply system indicators (pipe lengths, pipe diameters) 99 4.10 EXCEL file exists 100 CHAPTER 5 : Conclusion 109 CHAPTER 6 : References 112 CHAPTER 7 : Appendix 118 7.1 Diagram of the water supply network of a real settlement 118 7.2 Comparison of water flow rates in a real existing water supply network performed according to existing methods and using an optimization model in simulation mode 119 7.3 Comparison of the values of water consumption in the real existing water supply network performed according to existing methods and using the optimization model in the optimization mode 124 7.4 Compilation of pipe diameter in the real and optimal conditions in meters 129 7.5 Pressure in the nodes of the water supply network before connecting a new user and after connecting and reconstructing the network 135

Over thousands of years, the eastern part of the Mediterranean has developed ways to supply and manage its water resources. The most important evidence of this is the water networks that are distributed in the area. Case studies involving a literature review, fieldwork, sample collection and analysis were conducted that focused on two areas in the West Bank: Nablus city and the northern part of Jordan Valley. These locations were chosen because Nablus city and its vicinity have many of Roman tunnels and aqueducts while the Jordan Valley has many watermills. This study aims to examine the changes in water quality over time in various ways; in an attempt to explain environmental degradation, to understand archeological aspects relating to the water management system, and to piece together what sustained the past environmental development. Throughout centuries carbonate deposits have accumulated along the sidewalls of the water system, containing and archiving geochemical and hydraulic information. These carbonate deposits were sampled from the walls of tunnels together with water samples from the tunnel and surrounding springs in the area. In addition, carbonate sinter has accumulated at the outlet of the watermill on the water shaft. This sinter was also sampled along with water samples from the springs and the water in the Wadi in the area. Water and carbonate samples were analyzed. Water analysis included major cations and anions, trace elements, rare earth elements, 18O/16O isotope ratio, and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio. Results indicate the presence of different underground water bodies and Sr resources. Furthermore, thin sections were made from the carbonate samples for SEM–EDX analyses and microscopic investigations. The microscope analysis showed that the distribution of minerals precipitated differs within one sample. Likewise, SEM–EDX results show a variation in element distribution along the growth axis. After finishing the analysis of water samples and thin sections, the layers of the carbonate samples were acidified and trace elements and rare earth elements were measured by means of ICP–MS. Then selected layers were prepared for isotope analyses (18O, 13C, and 87Sr/86Sr) and subsequently measured. The carbonate samples were dated using the U–Th method. Rare earth elements and trace elements measurements provide clear evidence that urbanization has an adverse effect on groundwater quality. Different groundwater bodies were identified by means of geochemical analysis. In the same way, the water sources used to feed the ancient water system were also identified. Through petrological and geochemical analysis, the sustainability of the watermill concept could be demonstrated. This study recommends a more controlled regulation of urbanization expansion. It will only be possible to continue living in this region with sufficient amounts of groundwater and innovative techniques for water supply and management that are environmentally sustainable, as it used to be centuries ago.

Policy makers adopt irrigated agriculture for food security, since irrigation doubles crop production. Therefore, the development of large irrigation systems has a long history in many places worldwide. Although large-scale irrigation schemes play an important role in improving food security, many schemes, especially in Africa, do not yield the expected outcomes. This is related to poor water management, which is generally due to a lack of effective evaluation and monitoring. The objective of this study, therefore, is to propose a new methodology to assess, evaluate and monitor large-scale irrigation systems. Information on irrigation indicators is needed to enable the evaluation of irrigation performance. The evaluation is the first and the most significant step in providing information about how it is performing. After reviewing extensive literature, a list of indicators related to the performance of irrigation, rainwater supply and productivity is suggested. The irrigation efficiency indicators Relative Irrigation Supply (RIS) and Relative Water Supply (RWS) are selected. Potential rainwater supply to crops can be tested based on the Moisture Availability Index (MAI) and the Ratio of Moisture Availability (RMA). Water productivity can be assessed by Crop Yield (Y) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE). However, the central problem facing large-scale irrigation schemes is always the lack of data, which calls for the development of a new method of data acquisition that allows evaluation and monitoring. Remote Sensing (RS) technology makes it possible to retrieve data across large areas. Two different approaches via RS, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa), can be utilized for monitoring. The well-known Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), derived from the NDVI, is modified (MVCI) to allow a qualitative spatio-temporal assessment of irrigation efficiency. MVCI takes into account crop response to water availability, while ETa indicates whether water is used as intended. Furthermore, the assessment of the possible hydrological impact of the irrigation system should be considered in the evaluation and monitoring process. The Sudanese Gezira Scheme of 8,000 square kilometers in the Nile Basin, where performance evaluation and monitoring are absent or poorly conducted, is no exception. This research takes the large-scale irrigation of the Gezira Scheme as a case study, as it is the largest scheme, not only in the Nile Basin but also in the world, under single management. The first long-term historical evaluation of the scheme is conducted for the period 1961–2012 rather than only on a short-time scale as is the common practice. An increase in RIS and RWS values from 1.40 and 1.70 to 2.23 and 2.60, respectively, since the 1993/94 season shows decreasing irrigation efficiency. MAI and RMA for summer crops indicate a promising rainfall contribution to irrigation in July and August. The Gezira Scheme achieves low yield and WUE in comparison to many irrigation schemes of the globe. Low productivity is mainly due to poor distribution and irrigation mismanagement. This is indicated by the 15-year MVCI spatio-temporal analysis, which shows that the northern part of the scheme experiences characteristic drought during the summer crop season. Although MVCI can be considered a monitoring tool, the index does not deduct the soil water content, and water could be wasted and available in other ways (e.g. water depressions). Spatio-temporal information for ETa is required to better quantify water depletion and establish links between land use and water allocation. However, several RS models have been developed for estimating ETa. Thus, improving the understanding of performance of such models in arid climates, as well as large-scale irrigation schemes, is taken into account in this study. Four different models based on the energy balance method, the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), Mapping EvapoTranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC™), Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) and MOD16 ET are applied in order to determine the optimal approach for obtaining ETa. Outputs from these models are compared to actual water balance (WB) estimates during the 2004/05 season at field scale. Several statistical measures are evaluated, and a score is given for each model in order to select the best-performing model. Based on ranking criteria, SSEB gives the best performance and is seen as a suitable operational ETa model for the scheme. SSEB subsequently is applied for summer and winter crop seasons for the period 2000–2014. Unfortunately, one of the limitations faced in the current research is the absence of validation data on a regional scale. Therefore, the assessment focuses on spatial distribution and trends rather than absolute values. As with the MVCI distribution, the seasonal ETa for the Gezira Scheme is higher in the southern and central parts than in the northern part. This confirms the robustness of the developed MVCI. To avoid using absolute values of ETa, the ratio of ETa from agricultural areas (ETagr) to the total evapotranspiration (ET) from the scheme (ETsum) is calculated. The ETagr/ETsum ratio shows a descending trend over recent years, indicating that the water is available but not being utilized for agricultural production. This study shows that SSEB is also useful for identifying the location of water losses on a daily basis. Around 80 channels are identified as having leakage problems for the 2013/14 crop season. Such information is very useful for reducing losses at the scheme. In addition, Rainwater Harvesting (WH) is addressed and found to be applicable as an alternative solution for accounting for rainfall in irrigation. It is seen that these management scenarios could save water and increase the overall efficiency of the scheme. It is possible to save 68 million cubic meters of water per year when the overall irrigation efficiency of the scheme is improved by only 1%. A level of efficiency of 75% is predicted from the proposed management scenarios, which could save about 2.6 billion cubic meters of water per year. In conclusion, the present study has developed an innovative method of identifying the problems of large-scale schemes as well as proposing management scenarios to enhance irrigation water management practice. Improved agricultural water management in terms of crop, water and land management can increase food production, thereby alleviating poverty and hunger in an environmentally sustainable manner.

Wasserwirtschaftliche Speichersysteme sind unverzichtbar, um weltweit die Trinkwasserversorgung, Nahrungsmittelproduktion und Energieversorgung sicherzustellen. Die multikriterielle simulationsbasierte Optimierung (MK-SBO) ist eine leistungsfähige Methodik, um für Mehrzweck-Talsperrenverbundsysteme (MZ-TVS) eine Pareto-optimale Menge an Kompromisslösungen zwischen konträren Zielen bereitzustellen. Der rechentechnische Aufwand steigt jedoch linear mit der Länge des Simulationszeitraums der Talsperrenbewirtschaftung an. Folglich begrenzen sich MK-SBO-Studien bisher auf Simulationszeiträume von wenigen Jahrzehnten. Diese Zeiträume sind i.d.R. unzureichend, um Unsicherheiten, die aus der stochastischen Natur der Zuflüsse resultieren, adäquat zu beschreiben. Bewirtschaftungsoptimierungen von MZ-TVS hinsichtlich ihrer Zuverlässigkeit, z.B. durch die Maximierung von Versorgungssicherheiten, können sich als wenig belastbar und ermittelte Steuerungsstrategien als wenig robust erweisen. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, wird ein neues modulares Framework zur multikriteriellen simulationsbasierten Bewirtschaftungsoptimierung von MZ-TVS (Frams-BoT) entwickelt. Eine Informationserweiterung zu stochastischen Zuflussprozessen erfolgt über ein weiterentwickeltes Zeitreihenmodell mittels generierter Zeitreihen von mehreren Tausend Jahren Länge. Eine neue Methode zur Monte-Carlo-Rekombination von Zeitreihen ermöglicht dann die Nutzung dieser Informationen in der MK-SBO in wesentlich kürzeren Simulationszeiträumen. Weitere Rechenzeit wird durch Parallelisierung und eine fortgeschrittene Kodierung von Entscheidungsvariablen eingespart. Die Simulation von Zuflussdargeboten für multikriterielle Klimafolgenanalysen erfolgt durch ein prozessorientiertes Wasserhaushaltsmodell. Level-Diagramme (Blasco et al., 2008) unterstützten den komplexen Prozess der Entscheidungsfindung. Die Wirksamkeit und Flexibilität des Frameworks wurden in zwei Fallstudien gezeigt. In einer ersten Fallstudie konnten in einer Klimafolgenanalyse Versorgungssicherheiten von über 99% als ein Ziel eines multikriteriellen Optimierungsproblems maximiert werden, um die Verlässlichkeit der Bewirtschaftung eines MZ-TVS in Sachsen (Deutschland) zu steigern. Eine zweite Fallstudie befasste sich mit der Maximierung der Leistungsfähigkeit eines MZ-TVS in Äthiopien unter verschiedenen Problemformulierungen. In beiden Fallstudien erwiesen sich die erzielten Pareto-Fronten und Steuerungsstrategien gegenüber 10 000-jährigen Zeiträumen als robust. Die benötigten Rechenzeiten der MK-SBO ließen sich durch das Framework massiv senken. / Water resources systems are worldwide essential for a secure supply of potable water, food and energy production. Simulation-based multi-objective optimization (SB-MOO) is a powerful method to provide a set of Pareto-optimal compromise solutions between various contrary goals of multi-purpose multi-reservoir systems (MP-MRS). However, the computational costs increases with the length of the time period in which the reservoir management is simulated. Consequently, MK-SBO studies are currently restricted to simulation periods of several decades. These time periods are normally insufficient to describe the stochastic nature of the inflows and the consequent hydrological uncertainties. Therefore, an optimization of the reliability of management of MP-MRS, e.g. through the maximization of the security of supply, may not be resilient. Obtained management strategies may not prove robust. To address these challenges, a new modular framework for simulation-based multiobjective optimization of the reservoir management of multi-purpose multi-reservoir systems (Frams-BoT) is developed. A refined time series model provides time series of several thousand years to extend the available information about the stochastic inflow processes. Then, a new Monte-Carlo recombination method allows for the exploitation of the extended information in the SB-MOO on significantly shorter time periods. Further computational time is saved by parallelization and an advanced coding of decision variables. A processoriented water balance model is used to simulate inflows for multi-objective climate impact analysis. Level-Diagrams [Blasco et al., 2008] are used to support the complex process of decision-making. The effectiveness and flexibility of the framework is presented in two case studies. In the first case study about a MP-MRS in Germany, high securities of supply over 99% where maximized as part of a multi-objective optimization problem in order to improve the reliability of the reservoir management. A second case study addressed the maximization of the performance of a MP-MRS in Ethiopia under different formulations of the optimization problem. In both case studies, the obtained Pareto-Fronts and management strategies proved robust compared to 10 000 year time periods. The required computational times of the SB-MOO could be reduced considerably.

In dieser Broschüre werden erstmals für Sachsen in einem umfassenden Überblick die jeweiligen Betroffenheiten der verschiedenen Umweltmedien und Landnutzungen vom Klimawandel dargestellt und erläutert. Darüber hinaus werden nicht nur bereits eingeleitete, umgesetzte bzw. sich in Planung befindliche Anpassungsmaßnahmen vorgestellt, sondern auch Handlungsoptionen für die Zukunft aufgezeigt. Redaktionsschluss: 10.11.2015

Policy makers adopt irrigated agriculture for food security, since irrigation doubles crop production. Therefore, the development of large irrigation systems has a long history in many places worldwide. Although large-scale irrigation schemes play an important role in improving food security, many schemes, especially in Africa, do not yield the expected outcomes. This is related to poor water management, which is generally due to a lack of effective evaluation and monitoring. The objective of this study, therefore, is to propose a new methodology to assess, evaluate and monitor large-scale irrigation systems. Information on irrigation indicators is needed to enable the evaluation of irrigation performance. The evaluation is the first and the most significant step in providing information about how it is performing. After reviewing extensive literature, a list of indicators related to the performance of irrigation, rainwater supply and productivity is suggested. The irrigation efficiency indicators Relative Irrigation Supply (RIS) and Relative Water Supply (RWS) are selected. Potential rainwater supply to crops can be tested based on the Moisture Availability Index (MAI) and the Ratio of Moisture Availability (RMA). Water productivity can be assessed by Crop Yield (Y) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE). However, the central problem facing large-scale irrigation schemes is always the lack of data, which calls for the development of a new method of data acquisition that allows evaluation and monitoring. Remote Sensing (RS) technology makes it possible to retrieve data across large areas. Two different approaches via RS, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa), can be utilized for monitoring. The well-known Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), derived from the NDVI, is modified (MVCI) to allow a qualitative spatio-temporal assessment of irrigation efficiency. MVCI takes into account crop response to water availability, while ETa indicates whether water is used as intended. Furthermore, the assessment of the possible hydrological impact of the irrigation system should be considered in the evaluation and monitoring process. The Sudanese Gezira Scheme of 8,000 square kilometers in the Nile Basin, where performance evaluation and monitoring are absent or poorly conducted, is no exception. This research takes the large-scale irrigation of the Gezira Scheme as a case study, as it is the largest scheme, not only in the Nile Basin but also in the world, under single management. The first long-term historical evaluation of the scheme is conducted for the period 1961–2012 rather than only on a short-time scale as is the common practice. An increase in RIS and RWS values from 1.40 and 1.70 to 2.23 and 2.60, respectively, since the 1993/94 season shows decreasing irrigation efficiency. MAI and RMA for summer crops indicate a promising rainfall contribution to irrigation in July and August. The Gezira Scheme achieves low yield and WUE in comparison to many irrigation schemes of the globe. Low productivity is mainly due to poor distribution and irrigation mismanagement. This is indicated by the 15-year MVCI spatio-temporal analysis, which shows that the northern part of the scheme experiences characteristic drought during the summer crop season. Although MVCI can be considered a monitoring tool, the index does not deduct the soil water content, and water could be wasted and available in other ways (e.g. water depressions). Spatio-temporal information for ETa is required to better quantify water depletion and establish links between land use and water allocation. However, several RS models have been developed for estimating ETa. Thus, improving the understanding of performance of such models in arid climates, as well as large-scale irrigation schemes, is taken into account in this study. Four different models based on the energy balance method, the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), Mapping EvapoTranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC™), Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) and MOD16 ET are applied in order to determine the optimal approach for obtaining ETa. Outputs from these models are compared to actual water balance (WB) estimates during the 2004/05 season at field scale. Several statistical measures are evaluated, and a score is given for each model in order to select the best-performing model. Based on ranking criteria, SSEB gives the best performance and is seen as a suitable operational ETa model for the scheme. SSEB subsequently is applied for summer and winter crop seasons for the period 2000–2014. Unfortunately, one of the limitations faced in the current research is the absence of validation data on a regional scale. Therefore, the assessment focuses on spatial distribution and trends rather than absolute values. As with the MVCI distribution, the seasonal ETa for the Gezira Scheme is higher in the southern and central parts than in the northern part. This confirms the robustness of the developed MVCI. To avoid using absolute values of ETa, the ratio of ETa from agricultural areas (ETagr) to the total evapotranspiration (ET) from the scheme (ETsum) is calculated. The ETagr/ETsum ratio shows a descending trend over recent years, indicating that the water is available but not being utilized for agricultural production. This study shows that SSEB is also useful for identifying the location of water losses on a daily basis. Around 80 channels are identified as having leakage problems for the 2013/14 crop season. Such information is very useful for reducing losses at the scheme. In addition, Rainwater Harvesting (WH) is addressed and found to be applicable as an alternative solution for accounting for rainfall in irrigation. It is seen that these management scenarios could save water and increase the overall efficiency of the scheme. It is possible to save 68 million cubic meters of water per year when the overall irrigation efficiency of the scheme is improved by only 1%. A level of efficiency of 75% is predicted from the proposed management scenarios, which could save about 2.6 billion cubic meters of water per year. In conclusion, the present study has developed an innovative method of identifying the problems of large-scale schemes as well as proposing management scenarios to enhance irrigation water management practice. Improved agricultural water management in terms of crop, water and land management can increase food production, thereby alleviating poverty and hunger in an environmentally sustainable manner.

Wasserwirtschaftliche Speichersysteme sind unverzichtbar, um weltweit die Trinkwasserversorgung, Nahrungsmittelproduktion und Energieversorgung sicherzustellen. Die multikriterielle simulationsbasierte Optimierung (MK-SBO) ist eine leistungsfähige Methodik, um für Mehrzweck-Talsperrenverbundsysteme (MZ-TVS) eine Pareto-optimale Menge an Kompromisslösungen zwischen konträren Zielen bereitzustellen. Der rechentechnische Aufwand steigt jedoch linear mit der Länge des Simulationszeitraums der Talsperrenbewirtschaftung an. Folglich begrenzen sich MK-SBO-Studien bisher auf Simulationszeiträume von wenigen Jahrzehnten. Diese Zeiträume sind i.d.R. unzureichend, um Unsicherheiten, die aus der stochastischen Natur der Zuflüsse resultieren, adäquat zu beschreiben. Bewirtschaftungsoptimierungen von MZ-TVS hinsichtlich ihrer Zuverlässigkeit, z.B. durch die Maximierung von Versorgungssicherheiten, können sich als wenig belastbar und ermittelte Steuerungsstrategien als wenig robust erweisen. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, wird ein neues modulares Framework zur multikriteriellen simulationsbasierten Bewirtschaftungsoptimierung von MZ-TVS (Frams-BoT) entwickelt. Eine Informationserweiterung zu stochastischen Zuflussprozessen erfolgt über ein weiterentwickeltes Zeitreihenmodell mittels generierter Zeitreihen von mehreren Tausend Jahren Länge. Eine neue Methode zur Monte-Carlo-Rekombination von Zeitreihen ermöglicht dann die Nutzung dieser Informationen in der MK-SBO in wesentlich kürzeren Simulationszeiträumen. Weitere Rechenzeit wird durch Parallelisierung und eine fortgeschrittene Kodierung von Entscheidungsvariablen eingespart. Die Simulation von Zuflussdargeboten für multikriterielle Klimafolgenanalysen erfolgt durch ein prozessorientiertes Wasserhaushaltsmodell. Level-Diagramme (Blasco et al., 2008) unterstützten den komplexen Prozess der Entscheidungsfindung. Die Wirksamkeit und Flexibilität des Frameworks wurden in zwei Fallstudien gezeigt. In einer ersten Fallstudie konnten in einer Klimafolgenanalyse Versorgungssicherheiten von über 99% als ein Ziel eines multikriteriellen Optimierungsproblems maximiert werden, um die Verlässlichkeit der Bewirtschaftung eines MZ-TVS in Sachsen (Deutschland) zu steigern. Eine zweite Fallstudie befasste sich mit der Maximierung der Leistungsfähigkeit eines MZ-TVS in Äthiopien unter verschiedenen Problemformulierungen. In beiden Fallstudien erwiesen sich die erzielten Pareto-Fronten und Steuerungsstrategien gegenüber 10 000-jährigen Zeiträumen als robust. Die benötigten Rechenzeiten der MK-SBO ließen sich durch das Framework massiv senken. / Water resources systems are worldwide essential for a secure supply of potable water, food and energy production. Simulation-based multi-objective optimization (SB-MOO) is a powerful method to provide a set of Pareto-optimal compromise solutions between various contrary goals of multi-purpose multi-reservoir systems (MP-MRS). However, the computational costs increases with the length of the time period in which the reservoir management is simulated. Consequently, MK-SBO studies are currently restricted to simulation periods of several decades. These time periods are normally insufficient to describe the stochastic nature of the inflows and the consequent hydrological uncertainties. Therefore, an optimization of the reliability of management of MP-MRS, e.g. through the maximization of the security of supply, may not be resilient. Obtained management strategies may not prove robust. To address these challenges, a new modular framework for simulation-based multiobjective optimization of the reservoir management of multi-purpose multi-reservoir systems (Frams-BoT) is developed. A refined time series model provides time series of several thousand years to extend the available information about the stochastic inflow processes. Then, a new Monte-Carlo recombination method allows for the exploitation of the extended information in the SB-MOO on significantly shorter time periods. Further computational time is saved by parallelization and an advanced coding of decision variables. A processoriented water balance model is used to simulate inflows for multi-objective climate impact analysis. Level-Diagrams [Blasco et al., 2008] are used to support the complex process of decision-making. The effectiveness and flexibility of the framework is presented in two case studies. In the first case study about a MP-MRS in Germany, high securities of supply over 99% where maximized as part of a multi-objective optimization problem in order to improve the reliability of the reservoir management. A second case study addressed the maximization of the performance of a MP-MRS in Ethiopia under different formulations of the optimization problem. In both case studies, the obtained Pareto-Fronts and management strategies proved robust compared to 10 000 year time periods. The required computational times of the SB-MOO could be reduced considerably.