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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
521

O fundamento da moral: Schopenhauer critico de Kant

Santos Junior, Renato Nogueira dos 29 February 2000 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1939.pdf: 474928 bytes, checksum: c158b1f4b0427b40b371b1abeaf36e72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-02-29 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The aim of this dissertation is to present Schopenhauer's Metaphysics with a view to analysing the categorical imperative, a key concept of kantian morality. Our analysis shall indicate that the reason is merely an instrument of the will, which demands a refusal of the categorical imperative and the recognition of compassion as the cornerstone of morals. / O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar a Metafísica da Vontade de Schopenhauer, com o intuito de analisar o imperativo categórico, conceito chave da Moral de Kant. Para tanto, demonstramos a tese de que a razão não passa de um instrumento da vontade. O que implica na refutação do imperativo categórico e, no estabelecimento da compaixão como fundamento da moral.
522

Henry of Ghent on the Trinity : metaphysics and philosophical psychology

Williams, Scott Matthew January 2011 (has links)
No description available.
523

DEMOCRACIA Y RECONOCIMIENTO: Reflexiones sobre multiculturalidad en la democracia chilena desde los postulados de Taylor y Kymlicka

Soto Carvajal, Rossanna January 2008 (has links)
Adscribiendo a la necesidad de reflexionar sobre multiculturalidad en la democracia chilena, es que se considera necesario guiar este pensamiento escrito y preguntarse por ¿Cuáles son los factores relevantes que intervienen en la falta de reconocimiento de los Pueblos Indígenas como sujetos de derechos colectivos en nuestro país y qué tipo de inclusión proponen la democracia liberal inspirada en la economía de mercado? Considerando para la anterior cuestión, que la más alta motivación para los movimientos y reivindicaciones indígenas es el reconocimiento, que se sitúa históricamente en “dos grandes dimensiones: una socio-económica producto de la exclusión y el empobrecimiento de estos pueblo y una étnica, donde se exige el respeto a la identidad, a su lengua y su cosmovisión, y que con la emergencia del movimiento indígena latinoamericano se incorpora una tercera que es el “reconocimiento como pueblo-nación” ; es que se instala en el escenario político la exigencia de derechos colectivos para estos grupos. El Estado chileno ha tenido enormes dificultades para desarrollar las acciones destinadas a la resolución de estos conflictos; creemos que estas dificultades no siempre han sido producto de las malas relaciones, ni tampoco de los desacuerdos entre los poderes del Estado, sino fundamentalmente por los intereses que el Estado antepone a la política indígena, esto es, la política económica y la mantención los consensos, acorde con las estrategias de desarrollo que ha elegido y que se alejan de los principios éticos que debieran fundamentar la democracia.
524

A nova dimensão dos contratos no caminho da pós-modernidade

Xavier, Jose Tadeu Neves January 2006 (has links)
A sociedade atual passa por uma fase de transição entre o modelo moderno e o pósmoderno, criando um novo paradigma para o convívio social, o que acaba por se refletir no pensamento jurídico. Assim, o contrato, na condição de instrumento essencial para a realização das trocas econômicas e tutela de interesses jurídicos experimenta os reflexos dessas transformações sociais, o que acarreta modificações em sua formulação teórica e nos princípios que lhe servem de referência. Neste contexto a pós-modernidade impõe ao contrato a adoção de mega princípios, como o da função social e da boa-fé, além da necessidade de revisão dos seus postulados tradicionais, moldados agora sob a ótica dos valores constitucionais e buscando servir como meios adequados de enfrentamento da complexidade pós-moderna. / Society nowadays goes through a transition between the Modern and Post-Modern models raising a new paradigm for sociabilization which means interfering on the juridical belief. Thus the Contract, in the condition of essential instrument to fulfill all the economic trades as well as a tutor of juridical interests, experiences the reflextions of these transformations which leads in adaptations on it’s theoretical formulation and also in the principles that are being used as reference. In this context, Post-Modernity imposes to the Contract, the adoption of mega principles as Sociability and Good Will, above all, commands the necessity of reviewing all traditional postulates now moulded over the constitutional values and looks for fitting in as a proper way of facing the Post-Modern complexity.
525

A moral da infância na Didática Magna

Nicolay, Deniz Alcione January 2006 (has links)
A Dissertação trata dos valores morais que balizaram a noção de infância na Modernidade. Utiliza a Didática Magna do pastor morávio Jan Amós Comenius, escrita no século XVII, para interpretar o teor das forças (ativas ou reativas), que produziram o “bom ou o mau” da infância no processo de escolarização. Processo este, definido pela produção dos mecanismos comenianos de escolarização, ou seja, da gradação, da instrução simultânea e da ordem exata em tudo. Para isso, esta Dissertação incorpora os elementos da crítica genealógica nietzschiana sobre a moral cristã. Esses elementos são conhecidos como: ressentimento, má consciência e ideal ascético. Por meio deles, esta Dissertação segue a trajetória dos valores infantis, até chegar no seu niilismo supremo, na vontade de nada. Por isso, a infância é tratada como uma tipologia móvel, tanto na Didática Magna quanto na obra de Erasmo ou de Rousseau, uma vez que a intensidade de seus postulados morais sofreu e exerceu influências por toda a Pedagogia Moderna. Entretanto, ela procura refutar o ponto de vista histórico, a fim de ficcionar o passado, os valores, as imagens, que cristalizaram o sentimento moral em torno da noção de infância. Assim, ela também procura experimentar formas de expressão, de crítica, de conteúdo, para superar a concepção binária que produziu uma forma de ser e de pensar distante dos movimentos da vida. Ou seja, da alegria, do riso, da dança, da afirmação. / The Dissertation deals with moral values which mark out the conception os chidhood in Modernity. It uses the Didática Magna of moravian shepherd Jan Amós Comenius. It was written in the XVII century in order to interpret the drift of strength (active or reactive), wich produced the good or the bad part of childhood during the school process. This process is defined by the production of school comenian mechanisms, that is, of gradation, simultaneous instruction and precise order in everything. This Dissertation incorporates the elements of Nietzschean genealogical criticism about Cristian moral. Such elements are known as resentfulness, bad conscience and ascetic ideal. Throughout such elements, this Dissertation follows the childish value trajectory, until it reaches its supreme disbelief. For this reason, childhood is treated in both Didática Magna and Erasmo’s or Rousseau’s work as a movable form, since the intensity of its moral rules suffered and brought influences to Modern Pedagogy. However, it claims to refute the historical point of view so that the past, the values, the images, wich crystallized the moral feeling around the childhood, may be turned into fiction. Thus, it also endeavors to try ways of expression, criticism, and content in order to overcome the binary conception that has produced a way of being and thinking far away from life movements, that is, cheerfulness, laughter, dancing, affirmation.
526

How Disorder Onset Controllability Moderates the Impact of Biological Arguments on Judgments of Criminal Responsibility

January 2017 (has links)
abstract: In recent years, the use of biologically based (neurological, neuropsychological, genetic) evidence in criminal trials as support for claims of mental impairments among offenders has increased in popularity. However, research on how exposure to those arguments affects jury decision-making remains unclear. Specifically, arguments rooted in biology sometimes mitigate and sometimes aggravate judgments of criminal responsibility for mentally ill offenders, and this discrepancy seems to stem from the specific conditions by which that disorder was acquired. The following study’s aim was to uncover the precise mechanism(s) behind this elusive effect. Utilizing a 2x2 between subjects experimental design, participants were presented with a hypothetical crime summary involving an offender with either an onset controllable or uncontrollable mental disorder. Ratings of criminal responsibility and other variables hypothesized to function as mediators were obtained after presentation of a prime supporting either a biologically deterministic or free will argument for human behavior in general. Results indicated that when the defendant’s disorder was the result of the his own actions (onset controllable), a biological prime decreased judgments of criminal responsibility; however, when the disorder was caused by factors out of his control (onset uncontrollable), the prime increased judgments of criminal responsibility. An examination of several possible mechanisms finds the effect mediated by the perception of control the defendant could have had over his own actions at the time of the crime. These results suggest that perceptions of behavioral control are an important contributor to jurors’ formation of criminal responsibility judgments when an offender possesses a mental illness; and arguments advocating a biological basis for human behavior reliably affect blame attribution, suggesting that a societal shift in the perception of free will as a result of increased exposure to biology in general may alter the framework of criminal responsibility judgments. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2017
527

Choice and inevitability in modelling an organization's future : how management, depending on the company's organizational context, can shape an organization's future with the use of choice and/or the reliance on determinism

Tumidei, Daniele January 2016 (has links)
The literature presents us with two distinct, and at times opposed, approaches to strategic management: the use of strategic choice and determinism. This research shows that these approaches can actually be considered as two distinct variables, which create a space or framework in which it is possible to identify, according to the available different amounts of strategic choice and determinism, the four different ontological perspectives of determinism, hard incompatibilism, libertarianism and compatibilism. According to the literature, within each ontological perspective of the strategic choice/determinism framework, companies use different levels of strategic choice and determinism to produce organizational outcomes. This research provides empirical evidence of the real life existence of these ontological perspectives, in which companies’ performance of revenues is driven by a different amount of strategic choice or determinism according to the perspectives in which companies operate. This research also shows that other important performance indicators, such as EBITDA, depend only on deterministic variables, while ROA depends neither on strategic choice nor on deterministic variables. These findings suggest that future research could increase our knowledge on the internal environment of companies, as it could do from the hard incompatibilist perspective, which was not possible to study thoroughly within this research. The research conclusions provide several contributions to both academic knowledge and practice.
528

A Concepção de Vontade Geral mediante as perspectivas do pensamento de Rousseau e Hegel / The Conception of General Will in according to the perspective of Rousseau and Hegel s Thought

Pereira, Bruno Limana 27 September 2010 (has links)
The troubles that Hegel s philosophy imposed for the grasp of politic brought a restatement which combine elements that transcend the sheer assessing of being only a theory grounded in liberals doctrines, aggregating a shape of search to intermediate the aspect of juridical abstract law, that is, one that in which the citizens get into like bears of right in the private field, reaching on the acknowledge of subject like moral agent, to be able achieve the deed through particular circumstances not covered by juridical law and, lastly, sketching the structure of social and public institutions faced the components of society that culminated in the state. It s in this walk down to up, that is since the abstraction of private right until the necessary superstructure of the state that we attempt to search into a concept subjacent at the circuit of the institutions mainly political, a key-concept that was inherited of Rousseau: is the concept of the General Will. This way a revision upon the premises of the Social Contract must have a right to due confrontation with Hegel s view that take on other perspective and adopt a different reading in comparison to his French antecessor. The formulation of topic, therefore, will be in this research revisited and reflected with an eye to grasp the difference in both the philosophers which will implicate the retaking of notions such as freedom, contract, liberalism and, of course, the own concept of state, leading us at conclusion that want to enlighten the meaning of the expressions inside the context of the Philosophy of Right, seemingless obscure and few deepened. / Os problemas que a filosofia de Hegel impuseram para a compreensão da política trouxeram uma reformulação que acaba combinando elementos que transcendem a mera taxação de ser simplesmente uma teoria respaldada em elementos liberais, agregando uma forma de buscar mediar o aspecto da lei abstrata jurídica, ou seja, aquilo do qual os cidadãos passam como portadores de direitos do âmbito privado, tocando no reconhecimento do sujeito como agente moral, suscetível de realizar a ação dentro de circunstâncias particulares não abrangida pela lei jurídica e, finalmente, traçando a estrutura das instituições sociais e públicas frente aos componentes da sociedade que culmina no Estado. É neste caminhar debaixo para cima, quer dizer desde a abstração do direito privado até atingir a super-estrutura necessária do Estado que procuraremos reavaliar um conceito subjacente ao âmbito da instituição essencialmente política, um conceito chave que foi herdade de Rousseau: é a noção de vontade geral. Para tanto uma revisão das premissas do Contrato Social devem fazer jus para uma devida confrontação com a visão de Hegel que assume outra perspectiva e adota uma leitura diversa da de seu antecessor francês. A formulação do problema, portanto, será nesta pesquisa revisada e refletida procurando apreender a diferença nos dois autores o que implicará a retomada de noções tais como liberdade, contrato, liberalismo e, essencialmente da figura do Estado nos conduzindo a uma conclusão que procura cavoucar o significado da expressão no contexto da Filosofia do Direito, aparentemente obscura e pouco aprofundada.
529

O problema do mal livro VII das confissões de Santo Agostinho

Silva, Fagner Veloso da Silva 14 January 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-01-20T12:19:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1753327 bytes, checksum: 29297b2662bfc592437396067b80f7a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-20T12:19:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1753327 bytes, checksum: 29297b2662bfc592437396067b80f7a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this dissertation we focus on the investigation about the bad based on the book VII of the Saint Augustine’s confessions, how to bad became a problem to Saint Augustine and how he searched a resolution for that was distressing for his life. The tipology was to discursivs, bibliographical research,from the lifting of antimanichaeism works of Saint Augustine.The bishop of Hippo researched the several philosophical and religious streams, the Neoplatonism and Manichaeism. However, the answers that these streams gave to the bad problematic weren’t enough to the unquiet mind of the Hipponense.This way, the main problem that was investigated in this dissertation is the conducting wire of the Augustine’s thoughts about his difficult in to accept the bad nature and its source. Because of this, the base of our investigation is the referred book VII of Augustine’s confessions. We listed what influenced the Hiponense to involve wit this subject, that is, what meaning of his life instigated him to involve and to think about the problem of the bad and, consequently, to try give an answer that exempts God to be the source of the bad. What elements made him to think and establish the Jewish- Christian like the only ontological principle that have countered the Manichaean duality. And, consequently, what’s the function that wish plays on the human actions.Our research was structured in three moments:in the first, we make a contextualization of the social,historical, and philosophical ambit of the work Saint Augustine’s confessions; in the second moment, we present the augustine’s mishap looking for the answer to the problem of bad;and, finally, we discuss specifically about theproblem of the bad in Augustine. / Nesta dissertação temos como foco central a investigação sobre o mal a partir do livro VII das Confissões de Agostinho de Hipona. Buscamos analisar de que maneira o mal se tornou um problema para Agostinho e como ele procurou elaborar uma resposta ao que foi um tema angustiante em sua vida. A tipologia foi à pesquisa discursiva, bibliográfica, a partir do levantamento das obras antimaniqueias de santo Agostinho. O bispo de Hipona transitou pelas mais diversas correntes filosóficas e religiosas, principalmente, o neoplatonismo e o maniqueísmo, porém, as respostas que estas ofereciam à problemática do mal não foram suficientes para a mente inquieta do hiponense. Desta forma, o principal problema investigado nesta dissertação é o fio condutor do pensamento agostiniano sobre a dificuldade em conceber a natureza do mal e a sua origem. Elencamos quais influências levaram o hiponense a imiscuísse com este tema, ou seja, que contexto de sua vida o levou a se envolver e a pensar o problema do mal e, consequentemente, a tentar elaborar uma resposta que isentasse a Deus de ser a origem do mal. Quais elementos o fizeram refletir e estabelecer o Deus judaico-cristão como único princípio ontológico que contrapusesse a dualidade maniqueia. E, consequentemente, qual o papel que a vontade desempenha nas ações humanas. Estruturamos nosso estudo em três momentos: o primeiro, fazemos uma contextualização de âmbito social, histórico e filosófico da obra Confissões de santo Agostinho; num segundo momento, apresentamos a peripécia agostiniana em busca de resposta ao problema do mal; e por fim, tratamos especificamente do problema do mal em Agostinho.
530

O advento do niilismo como desmoronamento dos supremos valores no pensamento de Friedrich Nietzsche

Leite, Joseph Anderson Ponte Cavalcante 07 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-09-20T11:30:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4279418 bytes, checksum: 9eeb4c3b3022516f237f7a2d02939cd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T11:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4279418 bytes, checksum: 9eeb4c3b3022516f237f7a2d02939cd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / From the hermeneutic reading of some texts of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, as well as some commentators of his thoughts, we have to researched object to what the Nietzschean philosophy says about nihilism, theme that awakened in Nietzsche a unique and extraordinary attention. To fulfill this research, we will have as main research corpus that is the posthumous fragment 11 [99], which expresses the nihilism as a movement that becomes present on the rise from the collapse of the events of supreme values; presented here as the three categories of reason, such as goal, unity and truth. Thus, it is necessary to focus on understanding the meaning of the value cathagory for Nietzsche and, also, to evince the link between the act of valuation and the movement of nihilism, paying attention to another important element that surrounds the Nietzschean philosophy: the perspectivism. Moreover, in order to investigate about nihilism and everything that surrounds it as event, it is necessary to point to the fundamental principle in which Nietzsche names the real aspect, the will to power in its eternal returning. As a principle of what engenders value and the dynamics of life, it is imperative, then, point to the will to power as that which governs the reality, not as essence or substance, but as something that insist on returning to constitute, as which insists on returning with eagerness for power. / A partir da leitura hermenêutica de alguns textos do filósofo alemão Friedrich Nietzsche, assim como de alguns comentadores de seu pensamento, teremos como objeto de pesquisa o que a filosofia nietzschiana afirma acerca do niilismo, tema este que despertou em Nietzsche uma atenção singular e extraordinária. Para cumprir tal investigação, teremos como principal corpus de pesquisa o fragmento póstumo 11[99], que manifesta o niilismo como sendo um movimento que se presentifica em ascensão a partir do acontecimento do desmoronamento dos valores supremos; aqui apresentados enquanto as três categorias da razão fim, unidade e verdade. Desta forma, é preciso, então, se deter ao que significa valor no pensamento de Nietzsche para, assim, evidenciar a relação do que seja o ato de valoração com o movimento do niilismo, atentando, também, para outro elemento importante que ronda a filosofia nietzschiana: o perspectivismo. Além disso, para poder investigar acerca do niilismo e tudo o que lhe envolve enquanto acontecimento, é necessário apontar para o princípio fundamental pelo qual Nietzsche nomeia o real, a saber, a vontade de poder em sua eterna retomada. Como princípio daquilo que engendra valor e a própria dinâmica da vida, é imprescindível, então, apontar para a vontade de poder como aquilo que rege a realidade, não como essência ou substância, mas como o que insiste em retornar para um se constituir, como o que insiste em retorna com ânsia para poder.

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