Phénomène émergent, l’usage des réseaux sociaux en ligne et des outils informatiques mobiles croît de façon exponentielle et tend à se généraliser. Leur développement envahit peu à peu tous les espaces de vie, marquant plus particulièrement celui des entreprises, le monde du travail. La question du rapport entre les nouvelles technologies et le droit du travail n'est pas nouvelle, elle date de l'introduction de l'informatique dans la sphère sociale, notamment dans les relations collectives. Pour autant, l'examen de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence récentes témoigne largement de nouvelles problématiques juridiques quant à l'utilisation de moyens de communication sans limite de temps et d'espace. L’usage d’internet, et plus spécifiquement des réseaux sociaux dans l’entreprise déséquilibre les relations de travail en confrontant le pouvoir de l’employeur aux droits et libertés émergents et intimement liés aux nouvelles pratiques salariales. Ces nouveaux rapports invitent à remodeler la législation sociale pour une garantie des droits et libertés qui se veut effective. Les réseaux sociaux d’entreprises interrogent enfin sur le renouvellement du dialogue social dans l’entreprise dans une société démocratique de l’information. Brouillant les anciens cadres de référence, les nouvelles technologies de la communication invitent à une réflexion sur le devenir du droit du travail. / An emerging phenomenon, online social network and mobile apps usage has increased exponentially and is becoming widespread. Their exponential adoption offers a multitude of possibilities which is gradually invading living spaces, and in particular the professional world. The link between new technologies and employment law is not really new and dates from the arrival of IT (Information Technology) into the professional world, especially in collective relationships. However, recent doctrine and jurisprudence examinations surface new legal issues in regards to the use of new communication means that don’t have any time and space limits. Internet usage, and more precisely social network usage within companies, destabilises employment laws and leads to a confrontation between employer rights and the employees’ emerging rights and freedoms according to new practices. Companies’ relationship to social networks resurface questions about the renewal of industrial relationships inside a company that belongs to a democratic information-based society. Reshaping old frameworks, and new communication technologies encourages a wider reconsideration of future employment laws.

Cette thèse est composée de trois essais empiriques issus d’une enquête ethnographique conduite dans une entreprise innovante en Inde, et étudie les processus permettant l'innovation durable. Cette recherche aborde le rôle du jeu dans les processus de travail innovant, ainsi que le rôle de l'identité organisationnelle comme une réponse de l'organisation aux menaces extérieures. Cette thèse montre comment le jeu se déroule dans les organisations, sa nature et son rôle dans les processus de travail créatifs. Les résultats indiquent que le jeu a plusieurs effets sur les tâches et les relations qui affectent les processus collectifs de travail créatif qui soutiennent l'innovation durable. Je montre aussi les transitions entre le travail intense et jeu intense et expose un modèle incluant des conditions initiales, des mécanismes et des signaux qui facilitent les transitions. Ce faisant, cette thèse construit les bases d'une théorie du travail et du jeu. Cette recherche décrit un nouveau genre de jeu dans les organisations, différent de ceux observés et étudiés précédemment. Elle contribue aux théories du jeu et au travail créatif dans l'organisation. Prenant en compte le fait que l'innovation durable dépend aussi de la capacité de l'organisation à faire face aux menaces extérieures, cette recherche montre également comment l'identité organisationnelle joue un rôle crucial dans l'élaboration des méthodes de travail pour faire face aux menaces extérieures. Ainsi, cette étude contribue à la littérature sur la formation de l'identité organisationnelle, et son rôle dans les pratiques organisationnelles, la survie et l'innovation durable / This dissertation consists of three empirical essays based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in an innovation-based firm in India, and investigates the processes enabling sustained innovation. More specifically, it addresses the role of play in innovative work and its processes, as well as the role of organizational identity in organization’s response to external threats. I show how playfulness unfolds in work organizations, its nature, and its role in the creative work processes. Results indicate that play has several task and relationship related effects on group creative work processes on which sustained innovation rests. It also show how people transition between intense work and intense play – and explicate a model of initial conditions, mechanisms and cues for such transitions. By doing so, this study starts to lay the grounds for a theory of work and play, and provides an answer to how innovative work gets accomplished amidst playfulness in organizations. This study describes a new kind of play in work organizations, different to those observed and investigated in previous organizational studies and contributes to theories of play and creative work in organization. Mindful of the fact that sustaining innovation also depends on organization’s ability to cope with external threats, this study also shows how organizational identity play a crucial role in shaping its work practices for responding to external threats, and how threat can even lead to the formation of an organization’s initial identity. Thus, this study also contributes to the literature on organizational identity, and its role in organizational practices, survival, growth and sustained innovation

當代文獻對知識創生的討論，多集中在知識的有效移轉與管理，較少由組織集體能力的養成觀點，進行探討。然而，隨著全球化與網際網路的興起，跨組織疆界的研發創新，已不能僅單純由知識有效移轉的角度觀察，而必須由分散式組織的管理，由社群實務的觀點，進行討論。尤其，跨領域科學家的專業社群，不但深富高度的知識涵量，更經常能因應環境的動態變化，產生突破性創新成就，而具有重要研究價值。本研究以台灣著名科學社群─「無線奈米生醫團隊」為調查田野，並由這個科學社群特殊的知識能力養成(organizational knowledgeability）著手，分析社群成員的工作脈絡，以掌握社群組織如何持續有效創生知識。 研究發現，科研知識養成的基本功、察覺使用者創新需求的敏銳度、巧妙橋接內外部資源的中介能力、以及持續參與專業社群運作的社群力，構成集體能力養成的重要內涵。從實踐社群（CoP）的觀點來看，這四種能力的養成過程，正是一個科學新手逐步蛻變為創新高手的能力累積；更是他由合法的社群周邊參與，逐步進階到核心社群決策的進程。 創新不是天分，而是養分。當一個科研人才，一個科研團隊，能不斷取得來自專業學術社群的知識養分，他就能源源不絕，產生創新知識。而這也正是所謂頂級發表的內涵。一篇好的專業學術發表，他體現的價值不但是專業學術社群的肯定而已，更是個人或團隊能力累積的極致成就。本研究最後則探討本案例對社群實務的知識創生與研發創新文獻上的啟示，並點出對科學團隊與研發機構的實務意涵。 / Nowadays, product or service innovation often requires highly specialized experts to work closely, such as the design of computer server or performing a cardiovascular surgery. Studies of knowledge creation put more focus on knowledge management and knowledge transfer. However, we know relatively little about how distributed organizations, such as experts communities create knowledge. This study focuses on a top-performing scientific community—the Wireless Health Advanced Monitoring Bio-Diagnosis System (WHAM-BioS) in Taiwan. This team consists of leading scientists from nano-technology, bio-technology, information technology and network communications from different scientific disciplines. This study aims to examine their knowing practices of scientific invention. This research will contribute to theories on knowledge creation through the lens of practice. By analyzing the organizational knowledgeability, this paper suggests organizations reconsider the knowing of cross raining ( or learning by doing)，sensitivity of users’ painpoints, brokering resources and participating in tier one academic communities as the collective capabilities of scientific community. These four elements as five organizing capabilities will contribute to the knowledge creation and community of practices literatures.

This research investigated an issue that has implications for early breastfeeding cessation and impaired mother-child bonding. It focused on child abuse survivors' perceptions and reactions surrounding breastfeeding and bonding, the necessity of trust before disclosing abuse, and the transition to self-efficacy. It also provided recommendations for health professionals' practice.

The release of ex-president Nelson Mandela on 10 February 1990, introduced transformation in South Africa. The road to transformation, in a post apartheid era, placed pressure and demands on the social work profession and the professionals. Change was inevitable (Lesnik 1997:164) while the inequities and the disparities of the past had to be eliminated and replaced with transformed services. This study explores the transformational challenges experienced in contemporary social work practice at The Department of Social Development, Johannesburg, South Africa. A non-probability sample was selected (Babbie and Mouton 2004:166). A combination of the qualitative and the quantitative approaches, with more emphasis on the quantitative approach was utilized. Questionnaires were used for data collection and analysis was done according to the framework as described by Tesch in De Vos et al., (1998:343). The transformational challenges were identified and guidelines are drafted to assist in addressing the identified challenges. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Social Work)

The diploma thesis deals with a value of "critical social work" compared to other approaches of social work with respect to bases, principles and values in this area of practice. This thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter deals with selected bases of practice, philosophical-ethical principles, basic principles and values of social work. The first part of the second chapter deals with three "small" paradigms and selected approaches of individual paradigms. The second part of this chapter deals with "critical social work". The third chapter deals with the comparison of critical social work with other approaches in selected areas of human practice.

The aim of the research was to explore perceived stigmatization of People with Bipolar Disorder to deepen the knowledge for Glocal Social Work Practice by means of an Interview and Literature Study. The data of the research was gathered from the perspective of people with bipolar diagnosis and a peer within the field, about whether stigma is experienced by people with bipolar disorder and how their resilience factors i.e. strength factors can be supported and enhanced. A qualitative study was conducted with the purpose of expanding the evidence-based knowledge base by exploring how people with bipolar disorder with resilience experienced stigmatization, and the factors that supported their resilience versus inhibited their resilience in their adversity. The research results were analyzed through literature reviews and interviews to gain an in-depth knowledge of the phenomena. The findings indicated that stigma was experienced by the people with bipolar disorder, and was experienced as affecting recovery negatively, creating reluctance to seek help and adding more stress factors. It was mentioned that a healthy social network for support (spouses, relatives, friends andprofessionals) i.e. inclusion along with an active lifestyle, defined goals in life andpurpose, spirituality, nature, faith and hope for a better tomorrow assisted in building and cementing resilience. The findings also indicated that education and anti-stigmainterventions helped in establishing better attitudes revolving around mental illness, especially interventions with personal encounters with people with mental illness.

Begreppet tyst kunskap är centralt i uppsatsen och utgår från Polanyis förståelse att vi kan veta mer än vi kan säga. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska begreppet tyst kunskap med utgångspunkt i Polanyis teori om tyst kunskap. I relation till socialt arbete är det värdefullt att få syn på och fördjupa förståelsen för tyst kunskap. Med hänsyn till transparens i professionens kunskapsutövande är det särskilt viktigt att vara medveten om hur tyst kunskap kan yttra sig i yrkesutövandet och inverka på det sociala arbetet. Studiens övergripande forskningsfråga är på vilka sätt det går att förstå innebörden av ett begrepp som tyst kunskap och dess implikationer för kunskapsutövande i socialt arbete. I uppsatsen som har formen av en filosofisk studie, utforskar jag olika tänkares tankar och teorier om tyst kunskap utifrån min tes att tyst kunskap existerar och att det är viktigt att förstå och vara medveten om hur förståelsen av tyst kunskap påverkar det sociala arbetet som kunskapsfält. Bengt Molander, Bertil Rolf och Donald A. Schön är några av de tänkare som förekommer i arbetet.  Uppsatsens slutsatser visar att vi sannolikt inte kan sätta ord på all den kunskap vi använder oss av i socialt arbete. Tyst kunskap beskrivs som nära förbunden med våra sinnen och färdigheter och kan därför vara svår att beskriva med ord. Det kan handla om undermedveten kunskap, eller kunskap som inte fullt ut ryms i språket eller vårt logiska tänkande. Följaktligen kan Polanyis konstaterande att vi kan mer än vi kan säga betraktas som en förutsättning för att förstå socionomens kunskapsutövande.  Uppsatsen indikerar att det behövs en transparent levande dialog om kunskapsutövande för att dra nytta av tyst kunskap i socialt arbete. Tyst kunskap förutsätter därför ett engagemang, ansvar och vilja som håller kunskapen livskraftig. I uppsatsen förs ett resonemang som mynnar ut i vikten av att låta personliga erfarenheter och handlingar få stå i rampljuset för att, med stöd av teoretiska perspektiv, synliggöra olika aspekter av tyst kunskap och dess betydelse för professionellt socialt arbete. Hur tyst tyst kunskap behöver vara och hur nära vi kan komma en förståelse för den tysta kunskapens innebörd för kunskapsutövande i socialt arbete, beror sannolikt på de arbetssätt och metoder vi använder oss av. / The main aim of this thesis is to explore the impact of tacit knowledge in everyday life of professional social workers. The findings of this philosophical study is that it is necessary to understand the impact of tacit knowledge, in order to understand the very heart of social work practice and the ways of the reflective practitioner. Theories of philosophers like Michael Polanyi and Donald A. Schön are at focus in the study.

The aim of the research was to explore perceived stigmatization of People with Bipolar Disorder to deepen the knowledge for Glocal Social Work Practice by means of an Interview and Literature Study. The data of the research was gathered from the perspective of people with bipolar diagnosis and a peer within the field, about whether stigma is experienced by people with bipolar disorder and how their resilience factors i.e. strength factors can be supported and enhanced. A qualitative study was conducted with the purpose of expanding the evidence-based knowledge base by exploring how people with bipolar disorder with resilience experienced stigmatization, and the factors that supported their resilience versus inhibited their resilience in their adversity. The research results were analyzed through literature reviews and interviews to gain an in-depth knowledge of the phenomena. The findings indicated that stigma was experienced by the people with bipolar disorder, and was experienced as affecting recovery negatively, creating reluctance to seek help and adding more stress factors. It was mentioned that a healthy social network for support (spouses, relatives, friends andprofessionals) i.e. inclusion along with an active lifestyle, defined goals in life andpurpose, spirituality, nature, faith and hope for a better tomorrow assisted in building and cementing resilience. The findings also indicated that education and anti-stigmainterventions helped in establishing better attitudes revolving around mental illness, especially interventions with personal encounters with people with mental illness. / <p>Godkända - Studie resultat: D</p>

博士(社会福祉学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Social Welfare / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University