Användandet av e-posthantering i arbetet har ökat kraftigt under de senaste årtiondena. Studier har visat att alltför hög grad av informationsflöde kan leda till minskad jobbtillfredsställelse och känslor av stress. Individer i chefsposition har rapporterats vara särskilt drabbade av detta informationsöverflöd och syftet med denna studie var att undersöka avdelningschefers upplevelser av e-posthanteringen i arbetet. En kvalitativ ansats har antagits i studien då verkligheten tolkas på olika sätt och en kvalitativ studies syfte är att förstå ämnet från intervjupersonernas subjektiva perspektiv. Urvalet till denna studie har gjorts strategiskt och valts till att bestå av fem personer; tre män och två kvinnor. Storleksmässigt var antalet intervjuade för få för att göra några könsjämförelser, vilket heller inte ingick i studiens syfte. Intervjupersonerna har valts ut i samspråk med en kontaktperson på den berörda arbetsplatsen. Som datainsamlingsmetod har intervjuer genomförts, med hjälp av en intervjuguide och röstinspelningsutrustning vid samtliga intervjutillfällen. Flera intervjupersoner uppgav att en viss stress gällande e-posten existerade men att de ansåg sig ha både stöd och kunskap att kunna hantera situationen. Som främsta orsak till stress angavs mängden oläst e-post i inkorgen tillsammans med mottagandet av epost innehållandes oväsentlig information för läsaren. Överlag ansåg intervjupersonerna att kunna logga in från andra ställen än arbetsplatsen innebar en möjlighet och att e-posten fyllde en viktig funktion i arbetet. / The usage of e-mail handling has increased during the last decades. Previous studies have shown that too much information may cause loss of job satisfaction and feelings of stress. Managers in particular have reported the most difficulties with this phenomenon called information overload. The aim of this study was to examine departmental managers’ experiences from e-mail handling in their work.  The study has had a qualitative approach due to the individual differences in perceiving. The interviewees were strategically selected in conversation with a contact person at the work place. The selection included three men and two women. No gender comparisons can be made out of such a small selection of interviewees. Data was collected by using interviews, an interview guide and a voice recorder. Several interviewees reported a certain sense of stress in their handling of e-mail but also having the skills and support to manage the situation. The amount of unread messages along with the reception of nonessential mail was reported as the primary causes of stress. The interviewees were mainly satisfied with the possibility of logging in from other places than the work place and believed that e-mail handling was an important function in their daily work.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of the Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) (AACN) role with the variables of work related stress, quality of life, job satisfaction and anticipated turnover of acute care nurses. Participants included registered nurses (RNs) (N= 94) in Florida recruited from 3 (not for profit) Magnet hospitals in the Tampa Bay Florida area. An ex post facto design was used to test the hypotheses of this study; independent t-tests compared RN’s responses on survey tools measuring work-related stress, quality of life, job satisfaction, and anticipated turnover. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the interrelationships among these variables. RNs (N=94) completed five survey instruments, including a researcher-developed demographic form. The results of the study showed Aim1 which explored work- related stress did not show any statistical difference between the two groups. Aim 2 which explored job satisfaction and quality of life did not show a difference in the two groups when total scores were analyzed. However, the mental health subscale of the Sf-36(quality of life) was significant ( p=.021), and the general health subscale of the Sf-36 trended toward the CNL group reporting better general health (p=.080). This study revealed that Aim 3 which explored anticipated turnover was statistically significant (p=.047). Standard multiple regression showed a significant relationship existed between CNLs, work related stress and anticipated turnover. The significance of implementation of the CNL role in decreasing turnover through a relationship with these variables may have an important impact on the nursing profession. Specifically, economic implications in reducing turnover that bear further exploration and improving the nursing work environment. This research is the first study to explore the CNL role in relation to these variables.

Counterproductive work behaviors have been studied extensively, but much less work has been done on cyberloafing - the personal use of the internet at work. The purpose of this investigation was threefold: a) replicate a previous finding and test the Theory of Planned Behavior as a model of the antecedents of cyberloafing, b) investigate the influence of cyberloafing on task performance in actual organizations, and c) examine the relationship between cyberloafing and job satisfaction in actual organizations. Four hundred forty seven subordinates and 147 supervisors from various organizations participated in the current investigation. Results suggest that a) the Theory of Planned Behavior is an appropriate model of the antecedents of cyberloafing, b) cyberloafing might not have a strong influence on task performance, except when done frequently and in long durations, and c) job satisfaction is unrelated to cyberloafing on a desktop but is related to cyberloafing on a cellphone. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Background - Hand intense occupational activities have been associated with an increase in the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). CTS is characterized by an impairment of median nerve function. To date, a dose-response relationship between wrist activity and median nerve performance has not been documented. Since repetitive hand/wrist activity in the workplace has significant implications, it is important to establish a scientific basis for the aetiology of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods -- In a laboratory environment, twenty-seven clinically confirmed asymptomatic female subjects performed continuous repetitive wrist motion in the flexion-extension plane during which an angle of 120 degrees was subtended about the neutral wrist position. Four levels of wrist activity, corresponding with 0 (static), 22 (Iow), 38 (medium) and 49 (high) repetitions per minute, were prescribed. Wrist motion was recorded using a state-of-the-art 3D electromagnetic tracking system (HumanTRAC). Mathematical descriptors of wrist kinematics, including cycle time, amplitude, angular velocity and angular acceleration, were calculated. Sensory median nerve response to imposed physical stressors was monitored antidromically and recorded using a clinical electroneurometer every ten minutes throughout the simulated work activities. Near-nerve skin temperature was recorded at three sites along the distal sensory branch of the median nerve every twenty minutes. Results - After adjusting for changes in near-nerve skin temperature, a significant within-subject effect of duration of exposure (time) was detected. Sensory median nerve conduction velocity differed statistically by 2.1 ms-1 between the static and high wrist activity conditions after 120 minutes of exposure, signifying adverse effects on nerve conduction that are uniquely attributable to repetitive hand motion. Wrist activity measures of mean angular acceleration presented a highly significant association with nerve performance, where nerve conduction decreased as wrist activity increased. Using regression analysis, a maximum safe wrist-workload exposure limit of 0.91 repetitions per minute is proposed. Limitations of this result are discussed. A biomechanical model is presented to calculate the effect of physical risk factors on tendon forces at the wrist. This model offers a method by which findings of the study can be employed for workplace exposure surveillance and development of ergonomic workstation design recommendations. Conclusions -- Across the study population of clinically asymptomatic female participants, a change in median nerve performance was observed. This significant effect was evoked due to imposed physical stressors. A dose response relationship between work intensity, exposure time and median nerve conduction velocity was demonstrated. The research explored in this thesis presents a foundation for the future development of a "Dynamic Median Nerve Stress Test". This test would involve the performance of a repetitive motion activity of the wrist during which changes in the function of the median nerve are closely monitored. The Dynamic Median Nerve Stress Test might prove to be valuable both as a provocative clinical test as well as an important research tool.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe atskleidžiami personalo darbinio streso ir vadovo lyderystės orientacijų sąryšiai plataus profilio gamybos įmonėje. Siekiant atskleisti kaip darbinį stresą įtakoja vadovo lyderystės orientacijos, analizuojami darbinio streso proceso modeliai, požymiai, priežastys, atskleidžiamos vadovo lyderystės orientacijos vadovavimo stilių teorijų kontekste, apibūdinama darbinio streso ir vadovo lyderystės orientacijų plataus profilio gamybos įmonėje tyrimo metodika, interpretuojami tyrimo metu gauti rezultatai ir remiantis statistiniais metodais (dispersinė, faktorinė, regresinė analizės, sociometrinis metodas), atskleidžiami darbinio streso ir vadovo lyderystės orientacijų sąryšiai. Darbo autoriaus iškelta hipotezė, kad vadovo lyderystės orientacijos įtakoja stresinės įtampos darbe atsiradimą, iš dalies pasitvirtino, nes nustatyti sistemingi pasikartojantys koreliaciniai ryšiai tarp vadovo lyderystės orientacijų ir darbinio streso dimensijų, darbinis stresas didžiausias padangų perdirbimo padalinyje ir nekilnojamojo turto padalinyje, ir atitinkamai prasčiausiai darbuotojų vertinamas vadovų lyderystės šiuose plataus profilio gamybos įmonės padaliniuose. Remiantis regresine analize, vidutiniškai darbinio streso dimensijos įtakojamos vadovo lyderystės orientacijų 11,8 proc., tai rodo, kad stresinės įtampos darbe susidarymui 88,2 proc. turi įtakos kiti organizaciniai veiksniai. / The present Master‘s degree graduate work deals with the problem of connections between personnels work-related stress and managers‘ leadership orientation in a broad spectrum manufacturing enterprise. In order to clarify how work-related stress can be influenced by the orientation of manager‘s leadership, process models, features and reasons of work related – stress are being analysed. Orientations of manager‘s leadership in the context of theories of leadreships styles are discussed in this work as well as the analyze methods of work-related stress and managers‘ leadership orientation in a broad spectrum manufacturing enterprise. The results obtained during this research are evaluated with reference to statistic research methods (such as analysis of variance, factor analysis, regression analysis and sociometric survey) and the connections of work-related stress and managers‘ leadership orientation are being clarified on the basis of the above surveys. The author of this work sets up the hypothesis that managers‘ leadership orientation influences he rise of stress at work, such hypothesis was partially proved as systematically repeating correlation links among the dimensions of managers‘ leadership orientation and work-related stress were established. The highest level of work-related stress was ascertained at the used tire reprocessing subdivision and subdivion of real estate, so accordingly the lowest evaluation of managers’ leadership by the employees in the above... [to full text]

This study uses employment office-level panel data to investigate the impact of work-related activities on the outflow from unemployment to work and education. The two largest labor market programs in Sweden are studied: Job and Development Guarantee and Job Guarantee for the Youth. To examine how activity participation affects the outflow to employment/education I had to examine differences between offices (office heterogeneity). This heterogeneity could be differences in local labor market conditions, office’s managerial ability, quality of activities and other features that are non-varying for each individual office. The method to answer the research question is fixed effects distributed lag regression analysis with lagged values of the independent variable “activity participation rate”. In addition to the one-way office-specific fixed effects model, a model with time-specific fixed effects was introduced to check for seasonal impacts and fixed macroeconomic conditions that influence all offices. According to the two-way fixed effects regression results, the seasonal variations seem to have a stronger impact on the outflow to work/education than the work-related activities participation rates. Particularly, when time-specific fixed effects were added to the model with office-specific effects, the overall effect of work-related activities on the outflow rate became statistically non-significant and brought inconclusive results. The results have shown that the month of September has the strongest and most positive influence on the outflow rate as more people find work and leave to education during this month. The months that have the lowest impacts on the dependent variable are March and October, which means that fewer individuals left to work/education during these months across offices, in comparison to other months. / Denna studie använder paneldata på kontorsnivå för att undersöka effekterna av arbetsplatsförlagda aktiviteter på utflödet från arbetslöshet till arbete och utbildning. De två största arbetsmarknadspolitiska programmen i Sverige studeras: Jobb-och utvecklingsgarantin (JOB) samt Jobbgarantin för ungdomar (UGA). För att undersöka hur aktivitetens deltagande påverkar utflödet till arbete/utbildning kontrollerade jag för skillnader mellan kontoren (kontors heterogenitet). Denna heterogenitet kan bestå av skillnader i lokala förhållanden på arbetsmarknaden, kontorets förvaltningsförmåga, kvalitet på verksamheten och andra funktioner som är icke - varierande för varje enskilt kontor. Metoden som har använts för att besvara frågeställningen är "fixed-effects distributed lag regressions analysis" med eftersläpande värden för den oberoende variabeln ”aktivitetsgrad”. Förutom kontors - specifika "fixed effects", infördes en modell med tid - specifika effekter för att kontrollera för säsongsmässiga effekter och fasta makroekonomiska förhållanden som påverkar alla kontor. Enligt de två-vägs "fixed effects" regressionsresultaten så verkar säsongsvariationerna ha en större inverkan på utflödet till arbete/utbildning än den arbetsplatsförlagda aktivitetsgraden. Framför allt när tid-specifika fasta effekter inkluderades i modellen med kontors-specifika effekter, blev den totala effekten av arbetsrelaterade aktiviteter på utflödeshastigheten statistiskt icke-signifikant och gav osäkra resultat som utfall. Resultaten har visat att september månad har den starkaste och mest positiva inverkan på utflödet, vilket betyder att fler människor hittar arbete eller återgår till utbildning just under denna månad. De månader som har visat sig ha lägst påverkan på den beroende variabeln är mars och oktober, vilket innebär att färre individer hittar arbete eller påbörjar utbildning under dessa månader i jämförelse med andra månader.

Disertacijos tikslas yra identifikuoti ir ištirti streso darbe valdymo priemones bei jų veiksmingumą ir sukurti kompleksinį streso darbe valdymo modelį. Remiantis moksline literatūra disertacijoje pateikiama streso sampratos genezė, išanalizuoti streso darbe valdymo modeliai, identifikuoti esminiai stresą darbe sukeliantys veiksniai, išnagrinėtos organizacines streso darbe valdymo priemonės ir atskleistas jų veiksmingumas mažinant stresą darbe. Disertacijoje identifikuotos streso darbe valdymo priemonės, kurios iki šiol nebuvo nei teoriškai, nei empiriškai tyrinėtos. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize sukurtas kompleksinis streso darbe valdymo modelis, kuris empiriškai įvertintas Lietuvos energetikos įmonėse. Empiriniam tyrimui atlikti buvo pasirinktas kiekybinis tyrimo metodas – darbuotojų apklausa. Tyrimo metu nustatyta streso darbe priklausomybė nuo socialinių demografinių charakteristikų bei identifikuoti esminiai energetikos sektoriui stresoriai: atsakomybė už kitus žmones, darbo krūvis, vaidmens konfliktas, darbo sąlygos. Empirinis tyrimas patvirtino, kad streso darbe valdymo priemonės yra veiksmingos taikant jas kompleksiškai. Bendrą streso darbe lygį mažina bei atskirus stresorius įtakoja socialinė parama, karjeros valdymas, darbo ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyros užtikrinimo priemonės, darbuotojo žinių ir įgūdžių atitikimas darbo vietos reikalavimams, užduoties identiškumas. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais parengtos rekomendacijos organizacijoms stresui darbe... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the dissertation is to identify organizational stress management interventions, analyze their effectiveness and create a systemic work related stress management model. Based on scientific literature there is revealed the genesis of the concept of stress, analyzed stress models, identified main work related stressors, analyzed stress management interventions and disclosed their effectiveness by reducing work related stress. There is revealed organizational stress management interventions which have been studied neither theoretically nor empirically were identified. The systemic work related stress management model is reasoned on the grounds of the theoretical analysis. The model was tested empirically in Lithuanian energy sector. The empirical study employs the survey method for data collection. The empirical study disclosed impact of social demographical characteristics on work related stress, and identified main stressors in Lithuanian energy sector: responsibility for other people, workload, role conflict, working conditions. The empirical study has fundamentally proved that organizational stress management interventions are efficient when they are applied systemically. The overall level of work related stress is reduced and individual stressors are influenced by social support, career management, interventions ensuring work – life balance, person's knowledge and skills fit to workplace requirements and task identity. On the grounds of the study conducted... [to full text]

No description available.

Tyrimo tikslas- ištirti pardavimų sektoriuje dirbančių asmenų emocinį intelektą, patiriamą stresą ir subjektyviai vertinamą darbo atlikimą, surasti šių konstruktų tarpusavio sąsajas, bei sąsajas su sociodemografiniais rodikliais. Tyrime dalyvavo 252 respondentai (237 moterys ir 15 vyrų). Respondentų amžius svyravo nuo 19 iki 59 metų.Tiriamųjų darbo stažas pardavėjo pareigose svyravo nuo 0 iki 32 metų. Tyrime naudotos metodikos: Psichologinės įtampos vertinimo klausimynas(Health and Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator Tool; S. Palmer, C. Cooper, 2007); Emocijų įvertinimo skalė (The Assesing Emotions Scale; Schutte N.S., Malouff J.M., Bhullar N., 2009) ir Darbo efektyvumo skalė (Job performance scale Dubinsky, Mattson, 1979). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad moterys, turinčios mažesnį nei dviejų metų darbo stažą pardavėjo pareigose geriau valdo kitų asmenų emocijas nei tos moterys, kurios yra išdirbusios pardavėjo pareigose daugiau nei dveji metai. Moterys, kurių amžius yra virš 30 metų subjektyviai efektyviau atlieka savo darbą nei tos moterys, kurių amžius yra nuo 19 iki 30 metų. Moterys, turinčios didesnį nei dviejų metų darbo stažą pardavėjo pareigose, patiria mažiau streso darbo vietoje nei tos moterys, kurių darbo stažas pardavėjo pareigose yra iki dviejų metų. Didėjant moterų, dirbančių pardavimo sektoriuje, emociniam intelektui, mažėja jų patiriamas stresas darbo vietoje. Mažėjant moterų, dirbančių pardavimo sektoriuje, darbe patiriamam stresui, didėja jų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to explore links among sales sector employees emotional intelligence, subjective assessment of work performance and work-related stress and relationship with sociodemographic characteristics. The study included 252 (237 women and 15 men) residents whose age was from 19 to 59 years old. Residents in sales sector were working from 0 to 32 years. Research methods are: Health and Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator Tool (S. Palmer, C. Cooper (2007), The Assesing Emotions Scale (Schutte N.S., Malouff J.M., Bhullar N. (2009) and Job performance scale (Dubinsky, Mattson (1979). The results of the research showed that women with less than two years sales experience had better control over emotions of others than those with more than two years tenure. Women over 30 years at age perform their jobsubjectively more productive than younger women ( age btetween 19 to 30 years). Women with more than two years sales experience indicated having work-related stress than women with less than two years sales experience. The increase of emotional intelligence was related to the decrease of their eork-related stress. Decrease of work-related stress was relatedto the increase of their subjective assesement of work performance. The increase of emotional intelligence scores was realated to the increase of subjective job performance. Also emotional intelligence performs as a mediator between work-related stress and subjective work performance. In this way it... [to full text]

Omvandlingen av sjukvården mot marknadisering och nya driftsformer har huvudsakligen genomförts utifrån ekonomiska och politiska föresatser om ökad effektivitet och vårdkvalitet. Goda arbetsvillkor för personalen är en viktig förutsättning för förverkligandet av dessa mål. Givet det oklara kunskapsläget kring psykologiska implikationer av omställningen i välfärdssektorns styrning var syftet med avhandlingen att studera olika aspekter av arbetsvillkor samt arbetsrelaterade attityder och hälsa i privat, bolagiserad och förvaltningsdriven sjukvård. Det gjordes genom att undersöka hur krav och resurser i arbetet förhåller sig till uppkomsten och utbredningen av utbrändhet hos sjuksköterskor, betydelsen av kontroll i och över arbetet för de anställdas arbetstrivsel samt hur motivationsbaserade kognitioner av bemyndigande hos vårdpersonal förändras vid privatisering och relaterar till attityder och hälsa. De empiriska studierna inkluderade såväl tvärsnittliga som longitudinella enkätdata från tre svenska akutsjukhus med olika driftsform. Resultaten visade högre nivåer av utbrändhet hos sjuksköterskor i privat jämfört med förvaltningsdrivet sjukhus. För arbetstrivsel fanns ingen nivåskillnad mellan de tre driftsformerna. Krav i arbetet hängde samman med högre utbrändhetsnivåer och lägre arbetstrivsel. Flera resurser var förenade med lägre grad av utbrändhet medan kontroll hängde samman med högre trivsel. Vid en förändring från bolagiserad till privat driftsform var vårdpersonalens bemyndigande relativt stabilt. Dock fanns efter privatiseringen en tendens till standardisering då graden av bemyndigande blev mer lika. Likaså skedde en statusmässig differentiering i bemyndigande mellan yrkesgrupperna genom att flera med låg status fick mindre bemyndigande. Sammantaget pekar avhandlingen på fler likheter än skillnader mellan driftsformerna vilket antyder att driftsform tycks ha mindre betydelse för såväl nivå som betydelse av arbetsvillkor för personalens attityder och hälsa. / The shift in health care towards marketization and new types of ownership has mainly been carried out for financial and political reasons aimed at increasing care efficiency and quality. Good working conditions for the personnel are essential for these goals. However, knowledge of the implications at the individual level is still limited. Considering this, the aim of this thesis was to study working conditions, work-related attitudes and health in private for-profit (PFP), private non-profit (PNP), and publicly administered (PA) hospitals in three empirical studies. This was done by investigating how demands and resources at work predict the development of burnout, how control within and over work relate to employee job satisfaction, and how perceptions of empowerment change in connection with privatization and relate to attitudes and health. The empirical studies include cross-sectional and longitudinal questionnaire data from three Swedish acute care hospitals with different ownership types. The results showed higher levels of burnout among nurses at the PFP hospital than those at the PA hospital. There was no difference in levels of job satisfaction among the ownership types. Demands were associated with higher burnout levels and lower job satisfaction. Several job resources were associated with lower burnout, while control was related to higher job satisfaction. In a change from PNP to PFP, employees’ empowerment levels remained relatively stable. However, there was a tendency towards standardization as their degrees of empowerment became more similar after privatization. Also, a status-related differentiation in empowerment occurred among the occupational groups as some with low status experienced less empowerment. Altogether, the findings show more similarities than differences among the ownership types, suggesting that ownership is of less importance for both the levels and the impact of working conditions on attitudes and health. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defence, the following paper was unpublishd and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.</p>