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O chão de fábrica é constituído por operários cuja atuação cotidiana em diferentes postos de trabalho consiste, simultaneamente, na gestão de si próprios. Embora a fábrica seja cravejada por normas oficiais operacionais, de segurança e de qualidade, os operários gerem todos esses elementos conforme suas necessidades psicofísicas e escolhas valorativas possíveis. Portanto, trata-se de uma análise, pautada tanto em veio teórico, notadamente o ergológico, quanto, especialmente, em achados empíricos extraídos de entrevistas efetivadas junto a operários metalúrgicos da grande São Paulo. Ambas as esferas, teórica e empírica, comungam esforços em mostrar as atividades de chão de fábrica em uma perspectiva distanciada daquela de pura execução por operadores via operações padronizadas exogenamente. Essas atividades são na realidade re-formuladas, re-conduzidas, às vezes até reinventadas, consequentemente, apropriadas por sujeitos operários, que renormalizam o seu meio e, na medida do possível, singularizam seus atos de trabalho de acordo com os seus próprios usos subjetivos, valorativos e simbólicos. / The shop floor is constituted by workers whose daily performance in different workstations consists, simultaneously, in the self-management. Although the factory is studded by operational official norms, of safety and of quality, the workers generate all those elements according to their needs psycho-physicals and possible appreciated choices. Therefore, it is treated of an analysis, ruled so much in theoretical vein, especially the ergological, as, especially, in empiric discoveries extracted of interviews accomplished with the workers metallurgists of the São Paulo\'s metropolitan area. Both spheres, theoretical and empiric, they take communion efforts in showing the activities of shop floor by a distanced perspective of that of pure execution by operators through operations standardized exogenously. These activities are in the reality re-formulated, re-driven, sometimes until reinvented, consequently, appropriate for subjects workers, that re-normalize their environment and, insofar as possible, they become singular their work actions according to their own subjective, appreciated and symbolic uses.

Thesis advisor: Michael G. Pratt / Despite a graying workforce and a growing number of workers experiencing work transitions, extant literature has largely ignored the role of age in work transition experiences and its impact on the process of work identity change. In this dissertation I employ an inductive approach to elaborate theory concerning the relationships among work transitions, work identity change, and age. Contrary to what extant literature suggests, the findings of a longitudinal qualitative study of 47 employees at a large financial services firm make clear that the types of work transition (role-based transition vs. membership-based transition) and employees' age (Gen X and Gen Y workers in early adulthood vs. Baby boomer workers in middle adulthood) did not differentiate the overall identity change processes within the organization. Rather, my data suggest that identity change is best captured as change in the direction of employees' work identity narratives. Moreover, different combinations of intrapersonal/temporal, interpersonal/social, and future time perspective mechanisms lead to three types of change in the direction of the identity narratives: adjusting, progressing, and regressing. Further, significant differences between age groups surfaced. My research enriches emerging perspectives on work identity as narrative by proposing a temporally-oriented model of work identity change that bridges past, present, and future identities; and delimits the role of age in identity change during work-related transitions. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management. / Discipline: Management and Organization.

This study explores which factors are better predictors of job satisfaction by measuring the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational characteristics; job satisfaction and job task factors; and job satisfaction and personal characteristics among social work supervisors and administrators in the United States. The Afrocentric paradigm, which has the potential to address human conditions regardless of worker race, ethnicity, gender, social or geographical location, provides understanding for how social work supervisors and administrators utilize resources and roles to increase leader job satisfaction rates. An Afrocentric approach is used in this study to show how social work supervisors and administrators can be effective change agents and active participants in promoting levels of satisfaction, and in advancing the importance of leadership initiatives that focus on increasing leader job satisfaction rates. The Afrocentric paradigm provides a means for reducing stress levels and countering the negative images and challenges that prevent worker’s functioning at their highest potential. The merits of this study provide organizations an opportunity to draw from social work supervisors’ and administrators’ experiences to establish new ways to respond to the social service executive management challenge of maintaining stable social work leader job satisfaction rates. .

O estudo apresenta os aspectos gerais das migrações internacionais, o sistema jurídico internacional, colacionando os dados mais recentes sobre a migração brasileira, identificando as carências da legislação nacional atual em confronto com as normas internacionais que apresentam um novo paradigma legislativo. Assim, a pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o sistema jurídico internacional, regional e nacional sobre direitos humanos e fundamentais, cotejando-os com as leis relativas aos estrangeiros no Brasil, sendo dividida em quatro capítulos. O primeiro capítulo contextualiza o tema por meio de diferentes perspectivas sobre o conceito de estrangeiro, apresenta as teorias migratórias e o contexto migratório global, utilizando como base o World Migration Report, de 2015, sobre as migrações internacionais. O segundo capítulo trata dos direitos fundamentais e dos tratados internacionais, que se caracterizam por representarem os alicerces da existência de um Estado Democrático de Direito. No terceiro capítulo, busca-se analisar a legislação nacional vigente, tomando como referência os novos paradigmas encontrados nos Tratados e Convenções internacionais, observando que a cultura brasileira tende à discriminação em todos os aspectos, refletindo diretamente no campo das ciências jurídicas, sendo possível identificar que apesar da existência do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos e da Constituição Federal, a legislação infraconstitucional brasileira é incompatível com estes instrumentos jurídicos, uma vez que o Estatuto do Estrangeiro, Lei 6.815/80 vigente, que define a situação jurídica dos estrangeiros no Brasil, foi promulgada anteriormente à edição da Constituição Federal, não coadunando, em muitos aspectos, com os preceitos constitucionais ali consagrados. O quarto capítulo analisa se os projetos de lei em andamento no Congresso Nacional brasileiro em 2016 recepcionam o direito internacional, e se o faz de forma restritiva ou ampliativa em relação aos tratados sobre a matéria, visando identificar qual seria mais adequado frente a este novo contexto de deslocamentos internacionais para trabalho. Por fim, a conclusão reúne as considerações em relação à esfera normativa nacional sobre o perfil migratório brasileiro, especialmente norteado pelos novos fluxos migratórios estimulados pelas transformações socioeconômicas no âmbito internacional, principalmente após a década de 1990. / This study presents the general aspects of international migration, the international legal system, presenting the most recent data on Brazilian migration, identifying the needs of current national legislation in comparison with international standards that present a new legislative paradigm. Thus, the research aims to analyze the international, regional and national legal system on human and fundamental rights, comparing them with the laws concerning foreigners in Brazil, divided into four chapters. The first chapter contextualizes the issue through different perspectives on foreign concept, presents migration theories and the global context of migration, using as basis the World Migration Report, 2015, on international migration. The second chapter deals with the fundamental rights and international treaties, identifying them, because they represent the foundations of the existence of a democratic state. The third chapter seeks to analyze the current national legislation taking as reference the new paradigms found in international treaties and conventions, identifying that Brazilian culture tends to discrimination in all aspects reflecting directly in the field of legal sciences, being able to identify that despite the existence of international human rights law and the Federal Constitution, the Brazilian infra-constitutional legislation is incompatible with these legal instruments, since the Statute of foreign Law 6.815 / 80 current, which defines the legal status of foreigners in Brazil, was enacted before the enactment of the Constitution, not conciliated, in many ways, with the constitutional principles enshrined therein. The fourth chapter examines whether the bills in progress in the Brazilian National Congress in 2016 accept international law, and if it does restrictively or ampliative way in relation to the treaties on the subject, to identify what would be most appropriate face this new context International commutes to work. Finally, the conclusion meets the considerations in relation to national normative sphere of the Brazilian migration profile, especially guided by the new migratory flows stimulated by socioeconomic changes in the international arena, especially after the 1990s.

A new type of worker, the gig worker, is acknowledge and problematized as to what challenges mediators can face with managing them as previous research points out their differences from other workers. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze challenges that a mediator can face when managing gig workers and also elevate the knowledge regarding gig workers on how to work with them. A semi-structured interview was conducted with four participants, three mediators of established gig firms in Sweden and one management consultant and expert in the field of gig economy. The finding indicated that there exist two challenges that mediators can face when managing gig workers: 1) The expectations of the matchmaking 2) Allowing gig workers to be independent

As operárias de abelhas sem ferrão são peculiares com relação à divisão do trabalho reprodutivo para a manutenção da colônia, visto que podem produzir ovos reprodutivos que originam os machos, além dos ovos tróficos destinados a alimentar a rainha. Desta forma, os estudos de expressão de genes e de proteínas envolvidos na biossíntese de vitelo vitelogênese - e incorporação deste material aos ovócitos contribuem para evidenciar diferenças intra e inter-específicas entre as fêmeas, em relação à fertilidade e comportamento reprodutivo. Os perfis de expressão do gene codificador da vitelogenina e da própria proteína, precursora da principal constituinte do vitelo, foram determinados para várias etapas do desenvolvimento de três espécies de abelhas sem ferrão. Para este estudo foram selecionadas as espécies Frieseomelitta varia, cujas operárias nunca põem ovos, mesmo em condições de orfandade, Scaptotrigona postica e Melipona scutellaris, cujas operárias desenvolvem os ovários e participam ativamente da produção de machos. O RNA total de corpo gorduroso sítio de biossíntese de vitelogenina de operárias destas espécies foi extraído e o cDNA obtido por transcrição reversa semiquantitativa foi amplificado, clonado e seqüenciado utilizando-se primers específicos para a vitelogenina de Apis mellifera. Os resultados revelaram que os cDNA parciais obtidos são bastante conservados entre F. varia, S. postica e M. scutellaris e mostram alta identidade (93-100%) em relação à região 3-terminal do cDNA da vitelogenina de A. mellifera. Entretanto, o perfil de abundância do transcrito difere entre as espécies de meliponíneos e entre estas e as abelhas melíferas. Em F. varia e S. postica a expressão do transcrito mostrou-se constitutiva ao longo dos períodos pupal e adulto, mas M. scutellaris mostrou diminuição da abundância de transcritos nas fases pupais mais avançadas e nas operárias recém-emergidas. Estas espécies diferem de A. mellifera cujas pupas não expressam o gene da vitelogenina. A expressão constitutiva deste gene em F. varia e S. postica mostra que a atividade do gene em questão não é modificada pela variação dos títulos de ecdisteróides e hormônio juvenil descrita para A. mellifera e outros insetos, indicando, portanto, ausência de controle da transcrição de vitelogenina por hormônios nas espécies de meliponíneos estudadas. No entanto, os resultados indicam a existência de controle nutricional da atividade do gene da vitelogenina, dado o aumento de expressão verificado em operárias F. varia alimentadas com dieta rica em proteínas (contendo pólen - a fonte de proteínas para as abelhas - e açúcar) em comparação com aquelas que receberam dieta exclusiva de carboidrato (açúcar). A presença da proteína vitelogenina na hemolinfa de F. varia ocorre concomitantemente com a expressão constitutiva do transcrito. Neste aspecto, difere de S. postica e M. scutellaris que também expressam o transcrito da vitelogenina ao longo do estágio pupal e adulto, mas a proteína correspondente somente é detectada nas operárias destas espécies que estão exercendo a função de nutridoras de crias. Pode-se concluir que o gene da vitelogenina é conservado entre as espécies de abelhas até aqui estudadas, porém sua expressão e possivelmente sua regulação diferem entre meliponíneos e abelhas melíferas, refletindo as diferentes estratégias utilizadas na divisão do trabalho reprodutivo. / The stingless bee workers are peculiar with relation to reproductive division of labor to colony maintenance, since they are able to produce reproductive eggs that will develop in males, beyond trophic eggs to feed the queen. In this way, studies about gene and protein expression involved on the yolk biosynthesis vitellogenesis and the incorporation of this material to the oocytes contributes to evidence intra and inter-specific differences between females, in relation to fertility and reproductive behavior. The vitellogenin, the main yolk constituent precursor, gene expression and the protein itself profile were determined to several developmental stages of three stinglessbee species. To this work were selected the species Frieseomelitta varia, whose workers never lay eggs, even in a queenless condition, Scaptotrigona postica and Melipona scutellaris, whose workers develop their ovaries and participate actively to male production. The whole RNA of the fat body the vitellogenin biosynthesis site - of these worker species was extracted and the cDNA obtained by semiquantitative reverse transcription amplified, cloned and sequenced through Apis mellifera vitellogenin specific primers. The results reveal that the obtained partial cDNAs are very conserved among F. varia, S. postica and M. scutellaris and show high identity (93-100%), in relation to 3-end A. mellifera vitellogenin gene. However, transcript abundance profile is different among stinglessbee species and with honeybees. In F. varia and S. postica the transcript expression is constitutive during pupal and adult periods, but M. scutellaris showed transcript reduction in the advanced pupal phases and newly emerged workers. These species are different from A. mellifera pupae that do not express vitellogenin gene. This constitutive gene expression in F. varia and S. postica shows that the gene activity is not modified by the ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone titers as descript to A. mellifera and other insects, indicating absence of vitellogenin transcriptional control by hormones in the studied stingless bee species. However, the results indicate the existence of vitellogenin gene activity nutritional control, given the verified expression increase in F. varia workers and drones fed with a rich protein diet (with pólen the protein bee source and sugar) in comparison with which ones received exclusive sugar diet. The presence of vitellogenin protein on the F. varia hemolimph occurs concomitantly with the constitutive transcript expression. In this aspect, is different of S. postica and M. scutellaris which also express the vitellogenin transcript during pupal and adult stages, but the correspondent protein is only detected on the workers of these species that are exerting nurse tasks. Is possible conclude that vitellogenin gene is conserved among the studied bee species, but its expression and possibly regulation are different among stingless bees and honey bees, reflecting different strategies used on reproductive division of labor.

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / Heroin usage is on the increase in the Western Cape province of South Africa owing to globalization and to increased access to the drug in this province. The goal of this study is to explore the experiences of coloured heroin users in the Metro South area of Cape Town, which stretches from Simons Town and Muizenberg to Retreat, Lavender Hill, Grassy Park, Parkwood and Wynberg. These individuals have been found to congregate in the Wynberg CBD. The overarching theoretical framework for the purpose of this research is social constructionism and symbolic interactionism, using a qualitative means of inquiry. Snowball sampling was used to recruit prospective participants and data was collected by means of in-depth interviews, with a semi structures interviewing schedule. The questions informed the subsequent themes and categories that arise from the data collection process. Snowball sampling was employed in this case, a non-probability sample, in which participants were recruited via key informants. The sample distribution included 13 participants, 10 of which were heroin users (5 female, 5 male) and the remaining 3 were key informants which contributed to triangulation of the data. In terms of the findings, participants spoke of mostly being involved in intimate relationships, which according to participants had dual benefits. For female participants intimate relationships offered a form of protection on the often dangerous streets of Wynberg and for certain males, intimate relationships offered an opportunity to fund their habit, by trading their female partners to perform sexual favors for money to acquire heroin. While the study found females were mainly involved in trading sexual favors for money, heterosexual males were also implicated in having sexual relations with homosexual men for money. Furthermore, the study found that heroin users in Wynberg represented a surrogate family, where, because of their lifestyle, they were disconnected from their own family. This family surrogate was found to be supportive, caring to a large extent, shared a living space, protective of each other and shared a common language and understanding.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T19:30:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 19 / Nenhuma / O século XX constituiu-se em um período histórico de intensas transformações sociais e econômicas para as sociedades coloniais da região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Essas colônias fundadas no final do século XIX, com o objetivo de receberem os imigrantes italianos, organizaram-se em pequenos lotes de terra explorados com base no trabalho familiar e na prática da atividade agrícola. Na primeira década do século passado, com o crescimento econômico, paulatinamente, começaram a surgir as primeiras indústrias locais e a sociedade outrora colonial e agrícola tornou-se urbana e industrial. Essa dissertação apresenta os resultados de um estudo baseado no caso da Vinícola Armando Peterlongo, a partir da documentação depositada nos arquivos da referida empresa e procurou analisar em que medida essas transformações econômicas repercutiram na organização da família nesta região. A instituição familiar constituiu-se na base estrutural da sociedade. Da mesma forma que no campo e na propriedade de terra, a família perma / The twentieth century was a historical period of intense social and economic transformations in the colonial societies located in the northeast region of Rio Grande do Sul. These colonies founded in the late nineteenth century, aiming to receive the Italian immigrants organized themselves in small lots of land based on family work and practice of agricultural activity. In the first decade of the last century, with economic growth, gradually the first local industries begin to emerge and the companies which were formerly colonial and agricultural will become urban and industrial. This dissertation presents the results of a study based on the case of Armando Peterlongo Winery from the documents deposited in the archives of the company and to analyse the extent to which these changes have affected the economic organization of the family in this region. The institution was familiar to the structural basis of society. Just as in the field and in the ownership of land, the family remained in the city and industry,

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:11:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Pelegrini Biserra.pdf: 1055581 bytes, checksum: 020a1dec3f037e3d0c52c820641935ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Analyzing as to demonstration of worsening or improvement about work ability, the conditioning aspects of changing regarding between work and voice, in the professors speech from elementary and middle public school in São Paulo. Method: in the first stage, 85 teachers have been invited that, in the previous researching, they have demonstrated vocal and laryngeal alteration, as the low and moderated index about the answering Work Ability Index (WAI). Among them, 52 teachers have accepted to answer the same instrument again. After the comparison analyzing of data about WAI, the teachers have showed a great difference as improvement (28 people) as worsening (24 people) regarding the first application, six in each modality, they had been selected and arranged to attend a focus group meeting, compound two groups: one, with bad results (group A) and, the other, with good results (group B), that they had been invited to discuss which aspects could explain the improvement or worsening of results from WAI. The reports have been transcribed and analyzed qualitatively for category in two thematic axes (voice and work), according to the recurrence enunciated. Results: Concerning the voice, although both groups, all the teachers have been referred improvement in the voice quality and changing vocal habits, after doing the treatment, half of the teachers who were heard, they showed vocal complaint, associated to the others factors different those brought them the job previously. Further as regards the aspects of health and voice, in the group B, there has been a reference the fact to be multiplied as far as voice care; while group A, there has been a standout in the reports about musculoskeletal disorders and intense psychological suffering. Regarding the work, both groups reported that they have been living with the violence, indiscipline, inappropriate physical environment, lack of support and partnership with the students families. However, the difference among groups were about the difficult relationship, lack of self-reliance at work and lack of support from co-workers and the school authorities, that showed in a way unanimous and very intense in the group A; while group B the teachers reported to have self-reliance, exist a support from co-workers and school authorities, in addition to personal transformation who lead to appropriate and self-reliance about caring themselves. Conclusion: It was possible to record that group A had a poor condition (not just with the voice) and with more necessity to talk about the problems at work. And group B showed more strength to face the difficulties at work, in fact, with creative proposals. In favor of this group have been also recorded better relations at work as for social support and self-reliance / analisar, a partir de manifestação de piora ou melhora de capacidade para o trabalho, os aspectos condicionantes de mudanças na relação entre trabalho e voz, no discurso de docentes da rede municipal de São Paulo. Método: na primeira etapa foram convidadas todas as 85 professoras que, em pesquisa anterior, apresentaram alteração vocal e laríngea, bem como índices baixos ou moderados em resposta ao Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT). Dessas, 52 professoras aceitaram responder novamente o mesmo instrumento. Após análise comparativa dos dados do ICT, as professoras que apresentaram maior diferença tanto para melhora (28 sujeitos), quanto para piora (24 sujeitos) em relação à primeira aplicação, seis em cada modalidade, foram selecionadas e convocadas a participar de um encontro de grupo focal, compondo dois grupos: um, com os participaram que apresentaram os piores resultados (grupo A), e outro, com os melhores (grupo B). Compareceram cinco professoras do grupo A e três do B, que foram convidadas a discutir quais aspectos poderiam explicar a melhora ou piora dos resultados do ICT. Os relatos foram transcritos e analisados qualitativamente por classificação em dois eixos temáticos (saúde e trabalho), segundo a recorrência dos enunciados. Resultados: em relação à voz, embora em ambos os grupos todas as professoras tenham referido melhora da qualidade vocal e mudanças de hábitos vocais, após a realização do tratamento, constatou-se queixa vocal recente da metade das professoras ouvidas, associada a outros fatores diferentes daqueles que as trouxeram anteriormente ao serviço. Ainda em relação aos aspectos de saúde e voz, no grupo B houve referência ao fato de ser multiplicadoras de cuidados vocais; enquanto no grupo A, houve destaque nos relatos de doenças musculoesqueléticas e intenso sofrimento psíquico. Em relação ao trabalho, ambos os grupos relataram a convivência com violência, indisciplina, inadequação do ambiente físico, falta de apoio e de parceria com as famílias dos alunos. Entretanto, a diferença entre os grupos foi quanto à dificuldade de relacionamento, falta de autonomia no trabalho e de apoio dos colegas de trabalho e da direção da escola, que apareceram de forma unânime e muito intensa no grupo A; enquanto no grupo B as professoras relataram possuir autonomia, existir apoio por parte dos colegas e da direção na escola, além de transformações pessoais que levaram à apropriação e autonomia para os cuidados de si. Conclusão: foi possível registrar que o grupo A estava em condição mais adoecida (não apenas em relação a voz) e com mais necessidade para falar sobre as dificuldades no trabalho. O Grupo B apresentou mais potência para enfrentar os problemas referentes ao trabalho, inclusive com propostas criativas. A favor desse grupo também foram registradas melhores relações no trabalho quanto ao apoio social e autonomia