<p>Chefer har ofta en tung arbetsbörda och stora ansvarsområden, och den som präglar arbetsklimatet. Stress handlar om hur vi hanterar en stressfylld situation och hur rustade vi är att handskas med den stressfyllda situationen. Studien har gjorts med utgångspunkt från Karazek och Theorells krav och kontroll modell samt Hovmarks och Thomssons frågeformulär ASK. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om stressade chefer har en negativ inverkan på sina anställdas egna stress och hälsa. I undersökningen deltog mellanchefer och deras anställda, och genomfördes genom ett delvis riktat urval med enkäter. Resultaten låg i förväntad riktning utifrån använd modell. Tendens till förväntad negativ effekt av stress från chef på anställdas hälsa förelåg. Det låga deltagarantalet antas förklara utebliven signinifikans för prövade analysmodeller.</p>

Chefer har ofta en tung arbetsbörda och stora ansvarsområden, och den som präglar arbetsklimatet. Stress handlar om hur vi hanterar en stressfylld situation och hur rustade vi är att handskas med den stressfyllda situationen. Studien har gjorts med utgångspunkt från Karazek och Theorells krav och kontroll modell samt Hovmarks och Thomssons frågeformulär ASK. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om stressade chefer har en negativ inverkan på sina anställdas egna stress och hälsa. I undersökningen deltog mellanchefer och deras anställda, och genomfördes genom ett delvis riktat urval med enkäter. Resultaten låg i förväntad riktning utifrån använd modell. Tendens till förväntad negativ effekt av stress från chef på anställdas hälsa förelåg. Det låga deltagarantalet antas förklara utebliven signinifikans för prövade analysmodeller.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate the working conditions of professional photographers at the start of the 20th century. The aim of this essay is to provide a glimpse into this specific time-period with the main question: How were the working conditions for professional photographers? More specifically, this essay will provide a detailed picture that focuses on the difficulties women encountered, when attempting to make photography a legitimate professional career and combined with the traditions as wife and woman.The essay is divided into three main parts. By looking at statistical databases such as Swedish National Archive’s and other recourses, the first part establishes what Swedish society was like after the reforms that had taken place by the end of the 19th Century. Once the working conditions, and life in-general for women, are set, the second section of the essay examines the lives of specific photographers through the analyses of different categories and relevant statistics. Finally, the third part discusses the reasons why there were, at times, similar working conditions for women, and at other times, the working conditions were not equal. The analysis of the material supports a conclusion that suggests that, although there was a great deal of progress toward equality, working conditions of women professional photographers differed because of the rights married and unmarried women had in 1900.

Background: The nursing profession is known to be a stressful job and nurses worldwide encounters events that is affecting their health. When nurses experience poor health, sentential events such as medical errors could increase, it could also have a negative effect on the teamwork which leads to a decreased quality and safety within the healthcare. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe Filipino nurses’ experience of work-related factors influencing their health. Method: Semi structured interview with ten nurses, five nurses from a private sector and five from a public sector in Manila, Philippines. The analysis was constructed as a conventional content analysis. Result: From the analysis three categories, psychological health factors, physical health factors and supportive health factors emerged from eight subcategories. From psychological health factors three subcategories was pointed out: high demands from supervisors and relatives, working with inexperienced nurses and work overload. The second category: physical health factors have three subcategories attached: violence from relatives, exposure from patients and poor ventilation availability. The last category named supportive health factors includes the two subcategories: Functioning teamwork and good protection measures for nurses. Conclusion: The nurses expressed factors and elements that had been affecting their work-related health in the Philippines. For future research these factors found in this study could be addressed to maintain and improve the nurses’ work-related health.

This study aims to examine how global competition in the textile industry has affected the homeworkers’ opportunities to develop their entrepreneurship and their own businesses. This Bachelor thesis has a qualitative approach with focus on qualitative interviews which were conducted during a field study in Bangkok, Thailand. The textile industry in Thailand has long been known for their cheap labour, however, globalization has now changed the industry and companies outsource production to countries with even cheaper labour. Globalization has increased the role of subcontractors in the textile industry, which tries to produce as cheap as possible. Factories tend to involve subcontractors in order to find the cheapest and most efficient means of production. This has increased the use of homeworkers, who produce the products in their homes. Competition for work is fierce and many people move from rural areas to larger cities to get a job with an income they can live on. This result in an even worse competition and with their low level of education and no work experience, they are forced to accept employment with poor conditions.Homeworkers work between 14-16 hours per day with minimum wage and they are not protected by laws and have no social benefits. They live very crowded in slums and their houses are not suitable as a working environment. Many homeworkers have health problems caused by long working hours. Children are required to help their parents with easier tasks in addition to the usual household chores. Homeworkers have low education level which is an obstacle to their business knowledge. They also have limited access to financial means to help them develop their entrepreneurship. Organizations working to improve homeworkers working conditions are available although homeworkers rarely know how to come in contact with them. Education is important for homeworkers to develop their entrepreneurial and business skills. / Program: Textil produktutveckling med entreprenörs- och affärsinriktning

This study aims to examine how global competition in the textile industry has affected the homeworkers’ opportunities to develop their entrepreneurship and their own businesses. This Bachelor thesis has a qualitative approach with focus on qualitative interviews which were conducted during a field study in Bangkok, Thailand. The textile industry in Thailand has long been known for their cheap labour, however, globalization has now changed the industry and companies outsource production to countries with even cheaper labour. Globalization has increased the role of subcontractors in the textile industry, which tries to produce as cheap as possible. Factories tend to involve subcontractors in order to find the cheapest and most efficient means of production. This has increased the use of homeworkers, who produce the products in their homes. Competition for work is fierce and many people move from rural areas to larger cities to get a job with an income they can live on. This result in an even worse competition and with their low level of education and no work experience, they are forced to accept employment with poor conditions.Homeworkers work between 14-16 hours per day with minimum wage and they are not protected by laws and have no social benefits. They live very crowded in slums and their houses are not suitable as a working environment. Many homeworkers have health problems caused by long working hours. Children are required to help their parents with easier tasks in addition to the usual household chores. Homeworkers have low education level which is an obstacle to their business knowledge. They also have limited access to financial means to help them develop their entrepreneurship. Organizations working to improve homeworkers working conditions are available although homeworkers rarely know how to come in contact with them. Education is important for homeworkers to develop their entrepreneurial and business skills. / Program: Textil produktutveckling och entreprenörskap

Syftet med den här studien var att genom ett kvalitativt perspektiv få en djupare förståelse om bakgrunden till hög personalomsättning inom socialtjänstens barn- och ungdomsvård samt vad som skulle kunna motverka detta. Undersökningen har genomförts med ett kvalitativt tillvägagångsätt i form av sex halvstrukturerade intervjuer med personer som valt att säga upp sig som socialsekreterare inom socialtjänstens barn- och ungdomsvård. Studien visar återkommande beskrivningar kring en ohållbar arbetssituation utom räddning med låg lön, dåliga arbetsförhållanden med tidsbrist och för lite feedback, brist på engagemang från kollegor, avsaknad av tilltro till arbetsledningen samt utbrändhet. De tidigare socialsekreterarna hade behövt bland annat mer personal, bättre kommunikation med arbetsledningen, en teamledare och mer handledning för att stanna kvar i sin anställning. Våra huvudslutsatser är att det finns en stor komplexitet i bakgrunden till den höga personalomsättningen inom socialtjänstens barn- och ungdomsvård och att ett helhetsperspektiv är av största vikt för att kunna motverka detta. / The aim of this study was to get a deeper understanding through a qualitative perspective about the background to high employee turnover in the unit of child and youth care within social services and also how this could be counteracted. Six semi-structured interviews with people who have chosen to resign from child and youth care within social services were conducted. The results show repetitive descriptions of unsustainable working conditions characterized by low wages, lack of time, lack of feedback and commitment from colleagues, absence of trust to the supervision and burnout. The previous social workers described that they would have needed more colleagues, better communication with the supervisor, a team leader, more tutoring and higher wages to stay in their jobs. Our main conclusions are that there is a big complexity in the background to employee turnover and we consider that a holistic perspective is essential to be able to beat this.

Darbo tikslas - įvertinti prekybos darbuotojų darbo sąlygas ir jų sąsajas su darbuotojų sveikata. Uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti darbuotojų darbo sąlygas. 2. Įvertinti prekybos centrų darbuotojų darbo aplinkoje veikiančių veiksnių sąsajas su sveikatos pakenkimais/sutrikimais. 3. Įvertinti psichosocialines darbo sąlygas (pasitenkinimas darbu, nuovargis, stresas, bulingas). 4. Pateikti pasiūlymus darbo sąlygų gerinimui. Tyrimo metodika. Anketinė darbuotojų apklausa. Bendras tiriamųjų skaičius N = 212. Respondentai apklausti, individualiai užpildant anketą apie gyvenimo būdą, subjektyvų sveikatos vertinimą, darbinę veiklą ir darbo sąlygas. Klausimynas sudarytas, remiantis mokslin��s literatūros šaltiniais, anksčiau rengtais tyrimais. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta, naudojant duomenų kaupimo ir analizės programą SPSS 12.0. Rezultatai. Pagal anketinės apklausos duomenis, tarp respondentų sveikatą palaikanti gyvensena nėra labai paplitusi. Respondentų maitinimosi dažnis nėra pakankamas, dauguma respondentų visi��kai nepusryčiauja, ar pusryčiauja labai retai; nėra fiziškai aktyvūs, dauguma rūko. Dirbančių viršvalandžius asmenų buvo daugiau nei pusė – 113 darbuotojų (53,3 proc.). Viršvalandžių nedirbantys pasisakė 99 asmenys (46,7). Apdoroti anketų duomenys leidžia teigti, kad viršvalandžiai, darbo stažas, negatyvaus elgesio apraiškos darbe siejamos su darbuotojų sveikatos sutrikimais, tad reikia imtis priemonių šių veiksnių dažniams mažinti. Skyrėsi šių grupių tiriamųjų sveikatos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study – to evaluate the work conditions and employees’ health relationship at Kaunas trade companies. Objectives: 1. To evaluates the employees’ working conditions. 2. To evaluate the relationship between the active factors of working place and health impairment/disorder of supermarkets worker’s. 3. To evaluate psychosocial working conditions (satisfaction with work, tiredness, stress, bullying). 4. To make suggestions about the ways of improving working conditions. Methods: The questioning of the employees. The general number of the respondents N=212. The responders were questioned individually by completing forms about their life style, subjective evaluation of health, working activities, and working conditions. The questionnaire was prepared in accordance with the scientific resources and previously accomplished researches. The statistical data analysis was accomplished using the data accumulation and analysis method SPSS 12.0. Results: According to the results of the questionnaires the healthy life style is not popular among the respondents. The frequency of nourishment of the respondents is not sufficient; most of them do not have breakfast at all, or have it very seldom; the respondents are not physically active, most of them smoke. More than a half of the respondents answered that they worked overtime – 113 employees (53.3 %); 99 responders (46.7 %) stated that they didn’t work overtime. According to the answers of the respondents it is clear that... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti X ligoninės medicinos darbuotojų nuomonę apie savo sveikatą ir darbo aplinkos sąlygas. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti medicinos darbuotojų nuomonę apie savo sveikatą. 2. Išanalizuoti medicinos darbuotojų darbo aplinkos sąlygų subjektyvų vertinimą. 3. Įvertinti medicinos darbuotojų nuomonę, apie darbo aplinkos sąlygojamą poveikį sveikatai, priklausomai nuo socialinių ir demografinių veiksnių Tyrimo metodika: Tyrimas atliktas 2012 sausio - vasario mėnesiais atsitiktinai atrinktoje vienoje Kauno ligoninėje. Tyrimo metu naudotas vienmomentis anoniminės apklausos metodas. Buvo apklausti visi Kauno miesto X ligoninėje atsitiktinai atrinktų 6 skyrių medicinos darbuotojai. Viso išdalinta 173, gražintos atgal 148, ir iš jų statistinėje analizėje buvo naudotos 140 teisingai užpildytos anketos. Atsako dažnis 80,9 proc. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant SPSS 15.0 ir MS Excel programą. Rezultatai ir išvados. Tik trečdalis tyrime dalyvavusių medicinos darbuotojų savo dabartinę savo sveikatos būklę įvertino kaip gerą. Geriau savo sveikatos būklę vertino daugiau slaugytojų nei gydytojų. Savo darbo sąlygomis buvo patenkinti tik penktadalis tiriamųjų. Respondentai dažniausiai nurodė jų darbo aplinkoje esančius žalingus sveikatai veiksnius: darbas susijęs su nepatogia kūno padėtimi, darbo aplinka užteršta biologinės kilmės medžiagomis, darbas lydimas emocinės įtampos. Tik 5,7 proc. respondentų nurodė kad po darbo jaučiasi psichologiškai nepavargę... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of study: to asses the X hospital medical staff opinion about their health and working environment. Objectives: 1. To identify medical staff opinion about their health. 2. To analyze the medical staff subjective assessment about the environmental conditions. 3. To evaluate the medical staff opinion about the working environment effects on their health, depending on the socio-demographic factors. Methods: the study was performed randomly in one Kaunas hospital in January 2012 - February. The anonymous questionnaire was used in survey. All randomly selected staff were interviewed in 6 departments of Kaunas X hospital. Distributed 173, 148 returned, and for the statistical analysis were used 140 correctly completed questionnaires. The response rate was 80,9%. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results and conclusions. Only a third of the medical staff involved in the study their current health condition assessed as good. As better health rated more nurses than doctors. With working conditions were satisfied only one-fifth of respondents. The respondents` commonly indicated in their working environment harmful health factors: the work is associated with awkward postures, working environment is contaminated with substances of biological origin, the work is accompanied by emotional stress. Only 5,7% respondents indicated that after work do not feel psychologically tired. More than half (60.6 %) medical staff indicated that some of existing... [to full text]

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