清末四大詞人之一況周頤，畢生致力於詞學，其所著的《蕙風詞話》名極一時，彊村先生推為絕作。然而在況氏六十八年的生命旅程中，有五十多年是用於填詞上，晚年才轉而埋首撰寫《蕙風詞話》，其詞論所以見解通達，匠心獨運，根本在於他是位填詞老手，因此除了知名的詞話外，更應投入研究其生平歷史與詞作的藝術及成就。本論文即以其生平和所有詞作為探討主題，以《第一生修梅花館詞》的九個集子，加上存於自定稿《蕙風詞》中的民國十一年後的近作十三首為研究範圍，求作一個全面性的析論。本論文之研究主要採三個步驟進行，首先是「外緣探討」，於第二章就況周頤所處的時代，包括政治局勢、學術風尚和有清一代詞學流變概況的掌握。其次是「內緣研究」，首先為了知人論世，對生卒年的考述、生平大要、性行學養、交游及著作幾方面先做一番介紹，而為第三章。其次，於第四章研究周頤詞作，分從思想內容的六大類﹙傷春戀情、悼亡、友情酬唱、感逝傷離、愛國憂時、遺老之作﹚及反映的心理意識作一番分析評論。再者，於第五章扼要剖述《蕙風詞話》中關於詞的藝術技巧理論，借而分析其詞作的創作技巧，並映證是否與其理論一致。於第六章分從溫婉、沉鬱、妍麗三方面，探討其詞作多重的風格面貌。最後結論則就上述的藝術成就，以及歷來詞人的評價，對後代詞學的影響，為況周頤做一綜合性的評價，給予應有的詞學地位。

本論文旨在透過對《唐律疏議》的爬梳，以抽絲剝繭的方式，將其中的經學思維抽繹出來，以便說明傳統中國經學對律學實質性的影響。儒家學說自漢代以來，即成為中國文化的主流思想，儒家經典成為歷代學者關注的焦點，經學波瀾壯闊地發展，對中國文化的影響既深且鉅，從思想學術到現實生活等各個層面，都受到經學深刻的影響。在此種情形之下，中國傳統法律同樣也受到經學深遠的影響，透過經學以了解掌握中國傳統法律的深層結構，自然是一個相當值得研究的視角。 蓋從經學立場出發，考察經學與律學在歷史長河中，相摩相盪、互動牽引的實況，必然有助於完整呈現傳統律學的面貌，同時更拓展了經學研究的範圍，進而可以了解經學與律學在歷史的縱深發展脈絡裏的流變衍嬗。唐代，經學對律學的影響在中國傳統法律史上達到高峰，《唐律疏議》緊密地綰合經學與律學，具體地反映出經學對律學發展的深刻影響。雖然《唐律疏議》的研究成果豐碩，其中論及《唐律疏議》與「經學」關係密切者也不在少數，但或許是作者的研究重心不在於此，故而多半僅以提點若干重要面相為限，並未見有深入發掘經學對律學影響的企圖，因此迄今仍未見有以「經學」為視角研究探討《唐律疏議》的專著，本論文於是以《唐律疏議》為對象，進行「經學」與「律學」相關性的研究。 　　本論文分七章：第一章〈緒論〉，說明論文整個思考方向，包括：研究的問題意識、研究的對象與範圍、研究成果的回顧與反思、研究方法與進路。第二章〈經律交會的開端及其發展〉、第三章〈《唐律疏議》綰合經律的外緣考察〉，前者對經學與律學的關係做一縱向歷史性的探討與分析，後者則對《唐律疏議》綰合經學與律學的外緣背景加以考察，此兩章有助於我們後設反省《唐律疏議》中經學對律學的影響之所以達到高峰的原因。第四章〈《唐律疏議》的終極依據──「天」〉，「天」是中國經學思想的核心命題與理論基礎，《唐律疏議》的終極依據即是「天」，重視刑罰與天道相應相契的微妙連結，以求達到順天應時的理想境界。第五章〈《唐律疏議》的婚姻規範〉、第六章〈《唐律疏議》的親屬關係〉、第七章〈《唐律疏議》的君臣分際〉，則是本論文對於《唐律疏議》直接的分析與考察，分別按單元主題的論述方式，系統化架構出「婚姻」、「親屬」、「君臣」等主題，思考的進路由形而上向形而下具體地落實，考察《唐律疏議》與儒家經典一致之處，審視儒家經典對《唐律疏議》的影響。第八章〈結論〉，則是對本論文的研究成果簡要地加以說明。本研究將證實經學對律學有著極為深刻的影響。 / Confucianism has been a main stream since the Han Dynasty. Because of it, Confucian Classics has been deeply investigated and discussed by the following researchers. Confucian Classics has not only widely influenced on Chinese culture, but also affect on traditional Chinese law. Based on this premise, “Tang Ley Su Yi” which has been characterized as “the merging classics in jurisprudence”, is definitely worthy of our thorough research. The main focus of this thesis is to find out the thinking of the Classics in “Tang Ley Su Yi” and explain the virtual relationship of “the effect of classics on jurisprudence” in China. Although there are many existing studies investigated in “Tang Ley Su Yi”, few were focused on the perspective of classics. The viewpoint of “the effect of classics on jurisprudence” will be a unique approach in the academic community. If we evaluate the “the relationship between classics and jurisprudence” from the perspective of ancient code, we can trace back the historical development of Classics and jurisprudence and establish a complete content of Chinese academic history. Therefore, this thesis will focus on “the effect of classics on jurisprudence” from the perspective of Classics in “Tang Ley Su Yi”. To perform detailed discussion of the coordination of classics and jurisprudence in “Tang Ley Su Yi”, the scheme of this thesis is constructed with seven chapters as follows: Chapter 1 Introduction, Chapter 2 The beginning and development of the Coordination of Classics and Jurisprudence, Chapter 3 The outer investigation of the interaction between classics and jurisprudence, Chapter 4 The ultimate basis of “Tang Ley Su Yi”- “Heaven”, Chapter 5 The marriage law of “Tang Ley Su Yi”, Chapter 6 The kinship of “Tang Ley Su Yi”, Chapter 7 The ruler and subject of “Tang Ley Su Yi”, and Chapter 8 Conclusions, where I will summarize the finding of this thesis. Finally, I will provide a unique and complete description of the effect of classics on jurisprudence in “Tang Ley Su Yi”.

近幾年，等候系統開始被廣泛的應用於分析工作上可能產生的延遲。 平均花費在系統中和等候線上的時間成為描述等候系統行為兩個最基本的數量。除了工作的延遲外，我們考慮顧客在等候線上的延遲也會受到滿意度的影響。由於顧客滿意度會影響顧客的到達率，因此系統到達率和系統服務率變成模糊集合。我們建構一個模糊的等候系統並且提出一個去模糊化的方法。這篇論文研究的目的在於呈現一個分析系統的方法，利用此方法解決模糊的系統中最佳化的問題。 關鍵字: 模糊等候，最佳化。 / Queueing models for analyzing the possible delay of tasks have been studied for past several decades. Since then, the average time spent in the system and the average time spent in queue have become two of the most fundamental quantities describing a queueing system's behavior. In additional to the delay of tasks, we consider the satisfaction of customers affected by several factors in system. Since the satisfaction reflects the arrival rate and service rate, the arrival rate and the service rate seem more close to the fuzzy sets. We construct a fuzzy queueing model and introduce an optimization problem of a fuzzy queue. The objective of this optimization problem is to present an approach that analyzes the model and decide the optimal number of servers while minimizing the total cost which is a fuzzy set. As a result, we provide a solution procedure to compute the required performance measure in a service-oriented environment. Keywords: Fuzzy Queue, Optimization

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 318-337). Also issued online.

Orientador: Silvio Ferraz Mello Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T01:16:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_AndreSilvaPereiradeOliveira_M.pdf: 16070395 bytes, checksum: 47f7137f0d8f2b01f2cc50541cb5b829 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar a criação musical como uma convergência de elementos de natureza distinta da ordem do sonoro ¿ tais como sons, imagens, sensações, sentimentos, idéias e etc ¿, e examiná-la em seus momentos relativos a formação das idéias musicais. Para isso criamos um dispositivo conceitual próprio, intitulado ¿proximidades e distância?, a fim de revelar suas características principais. Assim, orientamos nossos esforços à criação de conceitos para tentar revelar a dinâmica dos processos criativos musicais, os quais, freqüentemente, demonstram uma presença marcante de elementos não musicais / Abstract: The purpose of this work is to present the musical creation as a convergence of elements of distinct nature of the order of the sonorous one - such as sounds, images, sensations, feelings, ideas and etc -, and to examine it at its relative moments the formation of the musical ideas. For this we create a proper conceptual device, intitled "proximities and distance", in order to disclose its main characteristics. Thus, we guide our efforts to the creation of concepts to try to disclose the dynamics of the musical creative processes, which, frequently, demonstrate a presence of not musical elements / Mestrado / Mestre em Música

No description available.

Impermanence concerns every aspect of our lives, yet it goes unseen often for that same reason. In my dissertation, I wish to explain what impermanence is and delve into the role of impermanence in art. I will first dive into an explanation of what impermanence is, starting from the teaching of the Buddha, then introducing impermanence as a primary quality, highlighting its distinction from the manifestation or secondary qualities, e.g. change, movement, ageing. I will then investigate three examples of how impermanence can be utilised in art. The first case is the representation of impermanence in Jackson Pollock’s abstract paintings, for which I argue that what makes it possible is the inherently unstable appearance of the pieces combined with the artist’s intention and other variables. The second case is that of Anicka Yi’s exploitation of impermanence as a medium for her installations, borrowing Sherri Irvin’s comprehensive definition of medium. I will explain how Yi uses impermanence inside her art, and how she employs the quality in the piece in an effort to achieve her purpose, that of communication. The third and last case concerns the acceptance of the impermanent nature of the medium in street art, which will be pivotal in the achievement of the goal of subversiveness.

Kardiochirurgische Eingriffe unter Einsatz der Herzlungenmaschine führen über die Sekretion proinflammatorischer Mediatoren im allgemeinen zu einer systemischen Entzündung (SIRS). Um das Ausmaß zu begrenzen, wird diese von einer systemischen Gegenregulation (CARS) begleitet, die mit zunehmender Ausprägung den Organismus anfällig für sekundäre Infektionen macht. Septische Krankheitsbilder zählen zu den häufigsten Todesursachen auf operativen Intensivstationen mit jährlichen Kosten in Milliardenhöhe. Gerade die Früherkennung ist klinisch von größter Wichtigkeit. Bei der Suche nach neuen Infektionsmarkern ist das Verständnis der immunologischen Grundlagen eine Grundvoraussetzung. In dieser Studie sollte untersucht werden, ob das Modell "systemische Immunaktivierung - Gegenregulation mit Immundepression - hohe Infektanfälligkeit" auf Risikopatienten nach Herzchirurgie übertragen werden kann. Außerdem sollte untersucht werden, ob ein standardisiertes Immunmonitoring in der Lage ist, bei diesen Patienten Infektionen frühzeitig vor klinischer Manifestation vorherzusagen, und ob diese neuen Immunparameter konventionellen Routine-Infektionsmarkern (SIRS-Kriterien, CRP) in ihrer diskriminativen Aussagekraft überlegen sind. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Modell an diesem Patientenkollektiv bestätigt werden kann. Die Immunaktivierungsmarker total-IL-8 (nach Erythrozytenlyse), PCT und ex vivo Elastase, sowie das antiinflammatorische IL-10 im Plasma und der Immunkompetenzmarker HLA-DR auf Monozyten zeigten am 1. postoperativen Tag ein hohes diskriminatives Potential, Infektionen im 6-tägigen postoperativen Verlauf vorherzusagen. Analysen der ROC-Kurven ergaben für HLA-DR eine AUC von 0,75, die AUC von total-IL-8 betrug 0,73, ex vivo Elastase erreichte 0,72, und PCT und IL-10 kamen jeweils auf 0,68. Dagegen konnten konventionelle Infektionsmarker nicht signifikant zwischen Patienten mit versus ohne postoperativer Infektion unterscheiden (CRP), beziehungsweise errechnete sich für 2 positive SIRS-Kriterien eine AUC von nur 0,66. Durch die bei einem solchen Patientenkollektiv erstmalige Verwendung hochstandardisierter Messverfahren (exakte Quantifizierung von Oberflächenmolekülen, semi-automatisches ELISA-System) wurde neben einer besseren Quantifizierung der gestörten Homöostase zwischen Inflammation und Antiinflammation eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die klinische Etablierung dieser neuen Marker geschaffen. Auf dieser Basis lassen sich früh identifizierte Risikopatienten adjuvanten Therapieversuchen zuführen. / Basically, cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass leads to systemic inflammation (SIRS) by the secretion of proinflammatory mediators. In order to limit its extend, systemic inflammation is associated with systemic counter-regulation (CARS), which, under some circumstances, may lead to high susceptibility of the organism to secondary infections. Septic disease is among the most common causes of death in surgical ICUs, the costs are estimated at several billion Euros per year. The early diagnosis in particular is of great importance clinically. Understanding of the immunologic principles is a basic assumption with regard to finding new markers of infection. This study was performed to determine whether the model "systemic immune activation - counter-regulation and immune depression - high susceptibility to infections" could be transferred to risk patients after cardiac surgery. In addition, a standardized immune monitoring program should be examined regarding its ability to predict infection in this patient population before clinical manifestation. It should also be determined if these new parameters have more discriminative power than conventional routine markers of infection (SIRS, CRP). The results show that this model can be confirmed in this patient collective. On the 1st postoperative day markers of immune activation, total-IL-8 (after lysis of erythrocytes), PCT and ex vivo elastase, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 in plasma and the marker of immune competence, HLA-DR on monocytes, have high discriminative potential to predict infections during the 6-day postoperative course. AUCs of the ROC were 0.75 for HLA-DR, 0.73 for total-IL-8, 0.72 for ex vivo elastase, 0.68 for both PCT and IL-10. On the other hand, conventional markers of infection were not able to discriminate significantly between patients with infection versus those without (CRP), or they only had an AUC of 0.66 (for 2 positive SIRS criteria). By using well-standardised laboratory methods (exact quantification of surface molecules, semi-automatic ELISA-system), which were used for the first time in such a patient collective, an important basis for clinical establishing these new markers was created, in addition to a better quantification of the immunologic unbalance (inflammation versus anti-inflammation). Thus, it is possible to supply early identificated risk patients for adjuvant therapy trials.

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit den morphologischen bzw. cytologischen Anomalien eines mutierten Klons 5/74/2 aus der haploiden Sorte `Kleiner Liebling` von Pelargonium zonale. An histologischen Schnitten wurden die Ploidiestufen verschiedener Zellschichten von Cytochimären durch Chromosomenzählung direkt bestimmt. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Epidermis in den Blättern vom Klon 5/74/2 verschiedene Ploidiestufen aufweist. Solche Variabilität trat in den L2- und L3-bürtigen Zellschichten nicht auf. Somit wurde hier erstmals eine Periklinalcytochimäre mit verschiedenen Ploidie in der Epidermis nachgewiesen. Es zeigte aber zwei unterschiedliche Zustände im Sprossscheiteln: Beim ersten sind die Zellen der L1 Polyploidie. Beim zweiten sind die Zellen der L1 haploid. Die Polyploidisierung der Epidermis setzt sich bei dem Wachstum des Blattes fort. Bei den cytologischen Untersuchungen wurden anomale Mitosen mit irregulären Chromsomenanordnungen (multipolare) und mehrkernige Zellen in der Epidermis beobachtet. Als weitere Anomalie traten eingeschnürte Zellkerne in den Epidermiszellen auf. Die Pflanzen mit stark behaarten und gekräuselten Blättern vom Klon 5/74/2 waren nicht stabil. Die Epidermis des gekräuselten und stark behaarten Blattes enthielt wie die des stark behaarten Blattes oder die des gekräuselten Blattes verschiedene Ploidiestufe. Die Epidermiszellen der meisten Pflanzen mit normal glatten Blättern lagen im diploiden Bereich. Die morphologische Kräuselung und Behaarung hing mit dem Auftreten der somatischen Variabilität in Epidermis von Klon 5/74/2 zusammen. Adventivpflanzen mit Hilfe eines modifizierten Mediums aus Kallus von Pelargonium zonale sind in in vitro-Kultur zu regenerieren. Dabei zeigte die Zugabe von Perlit und anschließend PVP die beste Wirkung gegen die Bildung von Polyphenolverbindungen im Pelargonium-Gewebe. TDZ ist einer der effektivsten Wuchsstoffe für die Kallusinduktion und Regeneration der Adventivsprosse bei Pelargonium. Die Blatt- und die Blütenfarbe der Adventivpflanzen aus dem dreifach markierten chimärischen `Weißer Liebling` (WRR, GWG, DHH) stimmten mit dem Genotyp der L1-Zellen überein. Die Stomatalängen der Adventivpflanzen aus dem Klon 5/74/2 (PHH) lagen wie die von `Weißer Liebling` (DHH) meistens im Bereich von diploid, nur selten von tetraploid oder gemischten. Die ursprünglich polyploiden und haploiden Zellen der kultivierten Gewebe traten nach der Regeneration nicht mehr auf. Dies weist auf eine Zellmutation und -selektion während der in vitro-Kultur hin. Aus chimärischen Geweben der GWG- und GGW-Varianten von `Mrs. Pollock` wurden 8,6% Adventivsprosse mit neuen chimärischen Blattmustern regeneriert. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass die Zellen mindestens in L2 und L3-bürtigen Gewebeschichten der Explantaten zur Regeneration der Adventivsprossen teilgenommen haben. / A mutated clone with different ploidy levels in epidermis cells, 5/74/2, of the haploid `Kleiner Liebling` of Pelargonium zonale was investigated to answer the question that how the different ploidy levels were generated. Such a variability did not appear in L2- and L3-derived cells. Consequently, clone 5/74/2 is a periclinal cytochimera with a mixed ploidy epidermis. This type of cytochimera with different ploidy levels in epidermis has not been reported up to now. The epidermis of the blistered leaf or of the hairy leaf is polyploid with different ploidy levels, like the epidermis of the shoots with blistered and hairy leaves. Epidermis cells of normal shoots are diploid. The morphologically blistered leaf surface seems to be the result of a somatic variability in epidermis. Histological investigations of clone 5/74/2 showed two different ways of development of the somatic variability: the cells of the L1 in the apical meristem were already polyploid and the cells in the apical meristem were haploid. Cytological analyses revealed anomalies of the mitosis in epidermis cells of clone 5/74/2. Various irregular chromosomal arrangements (multipolar mitosis) and polynuclear cells were observed. Additionally, nuclei with constrictions were found. Adventitious shoots were successfully regenerated from callus of adult tissue of Pelargonium in vitro on modified medium. The combination of Perlit and PVP showed the best effects against the formation of phenolic substances on Pelargonium tissues during in vitro-culture. TDZ was the most effective substance for callus induction and regeneration of adventitious shoots. The colour of leaves and flowers in the adventitious plants regenerated from tissue of the triply marked chimera ’Weißer Liebling’ (GWG, WRR, DHH) were correlated with the genotype of L1. However, somaclonal variability of ploidy levels was observed. The size of stomata on adventitious plants from the clone 5/74/2 (PHH) was similar to from DHH-tissue, mostly in the range of diploid, only rarely in tetraploid or mixed ploidy. Derivates of the original polyploid and haploid cells of the cultivated tissue were not found. Evidently, cell selection and mutation occurred during the in vitro-culture. 8.6% Adventitious shoots with new chimeral patterns were regenerated from chimeral GWG- and GGW-explants of Pelargonium zonale `Ms. Pollock`. More chimeras from GGW explants were obtained than from GWG explants. This result showed that cells in both L2 and L3 derived tissues of the explants were involved in the regeneration of the adventitious shoots.