Bakgrund: Att få ett cancerbesked kan för vissa upplevas som att få en dödsdom. Det väcker inte allt för sällan starka känslor hos både den drabbade och dess anhöriga. Att leva med cancer upplevs för många påfrestande både fysiskt och psykiskt från symtom och biverkningar från olika behandlingar såsom cytostatika och strålning. Däremot kan hoppet ofta leva kvar men i olika grader innan det infinner sig på nytt. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteratöversikt var att beskriva massage och beröring som symptomlindring hos patienter som lever med cancer. Metod: Denna uppsats har utformats som en litteraturöversikt bestående av 13 artiklar med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod. Datainsamling har gjorts i form av litteratursök i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed samt via manuella sökningar. Resultat: Resultatet presenterades under två huvudkategorier: symtomlindrande effekter med hjälp av massage och beröring och påverkan av livskvalitén med hjälp av massage och beröring. De underliggande kategorierna var: smärta och illamående, respektive ångest, sömn och relationer. Massage, beröring och aromaterapi kunde minska både smärta och illamående även om effekten avtog när behandlingen avslutades. Detsamma gällde ångest. Även sömnkvalitén förbättrades och beröring kunde i vissa fall medföra ett känslomässigt stöd och sågs att relationer kunde fördjupas. Slutsats: Olika typer av beröringsformer är bland de äldsta behandlingsmetoder som finns och har börjat användas allt mer inom hälso- och sjukvården. Massage, beröring och aromaterapi kan ge en god symtomlindrande effekt både fysiskt och psykiskt och öka livskvalitén vid kontinuerlig behandling. / Background: Receiving a cancer diagnosis can for some be seen as getting a death sentence. It often evokes strong feelings of both the patients and their relatives. Living with cancer is often experienced as stressful both physically and mentally from the symptoms and side effects from treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation. However, hope often survive, only in different degrees before it find its way back. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe massage and touch as a method for symptom relief in cancer patients. Method: This study has been designed as a litterature review consisting of 13 qualitative and quantitative articles. Data was collected in the databases CINAHL, PubMed and by searching manually. Results: The results were presented in two main categories: symptomatic effect of massage and touch and impact of the quality of life by means of massage and touch. The underlying categories were: pain and nausea, and anxiety, sleep and relationships. Massage, touch and aromatherapy could help reduce pain, nausea and anxiety, although the effect waned when treatment ended. Sleep quality improved and touch could in some cases be seen as a way of deepen relationships. Conclusion: Different types of touchtherapy are some among the oldest methods in history and are being used more in health care. Massage, touch and aromatherapy can provide a good symptomatic effect both physically and mentally, and increase quality of life when receiving treatment continuously.

碩士 / 玄奘大學 / 宗教與文化學系碩士班 / 106 / Aromatic plants are inextricable linked with religion, as the plants were used in many religious ceremonies since ancient times. In addition to the use of medical and living diets, aromatic plants are also commonly used in religious texts to evoke devotional sacred meanings. They were applied by myths, legends and folktales to imply world views such as social culture and system order at that time. This reflected the human perception of aromatic plants behind their prototypes and affect the close relationship between aromatic plants and religion. 　The use of aromatic plants can evoke the sacred meaning in religion, but few people provided integration discussions to concrete the idea forward. The effect of incense burning also lacked of academic discussion, especially in the field of human body and mind. Most of the aromatherapy practitioners only parrot the traditional text and can’t come up with a solid argument when faced with outside questions. However, if we do a comprehensive exploration of various myths, classics, literature, religious ritual activities, and even modern medicine, herbal therapy, aromatherapy, traditional medicine, etc., we may trace the use of aromatic plants on the impact of human body and mind through the religious and medical articles. 　Based on the Buddhism and Christian literature, this study explores the records related to aromatic plants in various related mythological and religious documents, and attempts to reinterpret the aromatic plants in religious culture from the perspective of modern aromatherapy, and the influence and application of aromatherapy on people’s religious beliefs, such as practice assistance. The author proposed the significance of essential oils extracted fromaromatic plants in professional aromatherapy.

碩士 / 經國管理暨健康學院 / 健康產業管理研究所 / 103 / Health Promoting School is an educational policy which has been actively set into action recently in Taiwan. Every junior high school and every elementary school are doing their utmost to develop school health promoting to promote both body and mind of teachers and students. The goal of our Health Promoting School mostly focuses on the health promoting of students, like eyesight care, oral cavity sanitation, the effectiveness of health, smoking prevention, betel nut prevention, sexual education (including AIDS prevention) and others such as the right ways to take the medicine. As to the concern of teachers' health is seldom mentioned. Students' efficient learning at school is not just their own learning attitude, ways of learning, and learning interests, but connects more to teachers' teaching accomplishment, teaching proficiency, and teaching enthusiasm. Actually, teachers' body and mind are more concerned with the efficiency of teaching, and special education teachers are the ones who have the most workload. Except for teaching special education students to adjust to their lives and to cultivate their ability to take care of themselves, teachers also need to teach them practical ability in language and math so that these students can possess the ability to live individually. However, students don't cooperate to teachers all the time and don't improve well. This low-achievement work not only decreases special education teachers' enthusiasm at work but also influences their body and mind. Among many documents, the way for most special education teachers to relieve pressure is to seek support from colleagues and administrative units, vent their feelings, adjust themselves to a new situation, build personal confidence, create a pleasant working environment, communicate with people actively, grasp the crux of a problem, fulfill lifelong learning and promote the related psychology and solutions of self-learning nature ability. This study tries to use aromatherapy to discuss the effectiveness on special education teachers after they smell the essential oil.The experimental subjects are 33 special education teachers in Banqiao District, New Taipei City. The essential oil was not used on the first week. Before the experiment and class (about 8 am) and after class (about 4 pm) every physiological index-NASA-TLX, blood pressure, Heart Rate (HR) Heart Rate Variability index (HRV), Low Frequency Power (ln LF), High Frequency Power (ln HF), Normalized-n LF, Ratio of Low Frequency to High Frequency (LF/HF). The second week was during the class, the experimental subjects smell the essential oil of rose, lavender, and bergamot blending flavor four to five times, and then measure the physiological index and Heart Rate Variability index. The result of the study shows that smelling the essential oil inside the necklace bottle eight to ten times after five workdays, the teachers' NASA-TLX, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, Heart Rate,ln LF,ln LF%, and ln LF/ln HF all evidently decreased, and ln HF are evidently increased. To sum up the experimental results above, the study found that smelling the essential oil of rose, lavender, and bergamot blending flavor inside the necklace bottle is beneficial to release mental stress and relax body and mind.

Esse estudo é um estudo teórico, baseado em revisão bibliográfica. Ele objetivou a construção de um panorama conceitual da aromaterapia, considerandose sua história e desenvolvimento, além de propor um modelo integrativo dos aspectos fisiológicos e psicossociais com base nas premissas psiconeuroendocrinoimunológicas. Aromaterapia é uma prática milenar, que passou por diversas mudanças ao longo da história e por esse motivo, atualmente, apresentase conceitualmente confusa e imprecisa. Seu ressurgimento nos anos 30 permitiu um início da visão científica do assunto, que, no entanto, evoluiu lentamente pelas dificuldades metodológicas encontradas. A organização do panorama atual dessa terapia permitiu observar que existem muitos países que estudam a aromaterapia, no entanto, com abordagens e visões distintas, de modo que tornase complexa a intersecção dos estudos. No seu estudo científico diversos elementos devem ser aqui considerados, como tipo de estudo (teórico, préclínico ou clínico), variáveis a serem controladas (farmacológicas, dos sujeitos e de procedimento) e questões abordadas (quanto ao efeito dos óleos essenciais, quanto aos seus mecanismos de ação e quanto à influência das variáveis em ambos). Além disso, atualmente existem diversas abordagens: filosófica (baseada em filosofias de saúde orientais), psicológica (baseada no conceito de memória olfativa), farmacoquímica (baseada em farmacologia e química dos óleos essenciais), neurológica (baseada nas neurociências) e psiconeuroendocrinoimunológica (baseada na psiconeuroendocrinoimunologia). Esse trabalho se focou nos estudos préclínicos e clínicos de aromaterapia, a partir de uma visão psiconeuroendocrinoimunológica. A fim de servir como um passo inicial à padronização científica do assunto, foi proposto uma definição mais objetiva de aromaterapia, a partir da qual o trabalho foi desenvolvido. Dentro do modelo psiconeuroendocrinoimunológico, a aromaterapia pode ter efeitos diretos ou indiretos nos sistemas nervoso, endócrino, imune e psicológico, sendo esses efeitos tanto fisiológicos quanto psicológicos e dados por mecanismos de ação farmacológicos e olfativos. Os aromas sempre têm efeitos farmacológicos, independente da via de aplicação utilizada, no entanto, quando se utiliza a via inalatória, são acrescidos a esses efeitos farmacológicos os efeitos olfativos, que são próprios do sistema olfativo e diferenciados. O estudo do olfato é indispensável para o entendimento científico da aromaterapia e ele tem se desenvolvido amplamente, apesar de que ainda existem muitos elementos a serem esclarecidos. Com isso, os estudos na área da aromaterapia científica tem evoluído cada vez mais, permitindo estudos mais minuciosos e conclusivos a respeito do funcionamento dos óleos essenciais no organismo e na mente. Um caminho pra esses estudos, dentro do modelo psiconeuroendocrinoimunológico, é o estudo da relação entre aromaterapia e stress. A premissa básica da teoria de stress é estudar a integração do corpo e da psique. Esse estudo concluiu que a psiconeuroendocrinoimunologia é um modelo útil para estudar a aromaterapia, por permitir o seu estudo científico integrando seus efeitos fisiológicos e psicológicos, e que a organização realizada permitiu uma fundamentação teórica para a elaboração, em futuros projetos na área, de métodos científicos em aromaterapia, stress e psiconeuroendocrinoimunologia. / This is a theoretical study, based on bibliographical revision. It aimed to build a conceptual panorama of aromatherapy, considering it\'s history and development, and also propose an integrative model of the physiological and psychosocial aspects, based on the psychoneuroendocrineimmunological premisses. Aromatherapy is a millenarian practice, that suffered many changes throughout history, and, for this reason, nowadays, it is confusing and uncertain. It\'s reappearance in the 30\'s permitted a start of the scientific view of the theme. However, the scientific view evolved slowly because of the methodological difficulties that were found. The organization of the current panorama of this therapy permitted observing that many countries study aromatherapy. However, there are many different approaches and views of the subject, in a way that it\'s complex to do the intersection of the studies. In it\'s scientific study there are many elements to be considered, such as type of study (theoretical, preclinical or clinical), variables to control pharmacological, subject and procedural) and questions studied (about the effects of essential oils, about their action mechanisms and about the influence of the variables on both). Furthermore, currently there are many approaches to the study: philosophical (based on oriental heath philosophy), psychological (based on the concept of olfactory memory), pharmacochemical (based of pharmacology and essential oil chemistry), neurological (based on neuroscience) and psychoneuroendocrineimmunological (based on psychoneuroendocrineimmunology). This work focused on preclinical and clinical studies, from a psychoneuroendocrineimmuneological point of view. In order to serve as a first step to the scientific standardizing of the subject, a more objective definition of aromatherapy was proposed, from which the study developed the subject. In the psychoneuroendocrineimmunological model, aromatherapy may have direct or indirect effects in the nervous, endocrine, immune and psychological systems. These effects can be physiological and psychological and they are caused by pharmacological and olfactory mechanisms. Aromas always have pharmacological effects, independently from application via, but when the inhalation is used the olfactory effects are added to these pharmacological effects. The olfactory effects are different from the others and characteristic of the olfactory system. The study of olfaction is indispensable to the scientific understanding of aromatherapy and it has evolved immensely, although there are still many elements still to be understood. Consequently, the studies in aromatherapy also have evolved more, permitting more minute and conclusive studies about the functioning of essential oils in the organism and mind. A path to this kind of study, in the psychoneuroendocrineimmunological model, is the study of the interaction between aromatherapy and stress. The basic premiss of the theory of stress is to study the integration of body and mind. This study concluded that psychoneuroendocrineimmunology is a useful model to study aromatherapy because it permits the scientific evaluation of both physiological and psychological effects of aromatherapy. It also concluded that the organization of the current panorama permitted a theoretical foundation for elaboration of scientific methods in aromatherapy, stress and psychoneuroendocrineimmunology in future studies.

Esse estudo é um estudo teórico, baseado em revisão bibliográfica. Ele objetivou a construção de um panorama conceitual da aromaterapia, considerandose sua história e desenvolvimento, além de propor um modelo integrativo dos aspectos fisiológicos e psicossociais com base nas premissas psiconeuroendocrinoimunológicas. Aromaterapia é uma prática milenar, que passou por diversas mudanças ao longo da história e por esse motivo, atualmente, apresentase conceitualmente confusa e imprecisa. Seu ressurgimento nos anos 30 permitiu um início da visão científica do assunto, que, no entanto, evoluiu lentamente pelas dificuldades metodológicas encontradas. A organização do panorama atual dessa terapia permitiu observar que existem muitos países que estudam a aromaterapia, no entanto, com abordagens e visões distintas, de modo que tornase complexa a intersecção dos estudos. No seu estudo científico diversos elementos devem ser aqui considerados, como tipo de estudo (teórico, préclínico ou clínico), variáveis a serem controladas (farmacológicas, dos sujeitos e de procedimento) e questões abordadas (quanto ao efeito dos óleos essenciais, quanto aos seus mecanismos de ação e quanto à influência das variáveis em ambos). Além disso, atualmente existem diversas abordagens: filosófica (baseada em filosofias de saúde orientais), psicológica (baseada no conceito de memória olfativa), farmacoquímica (baseada em farmacologia e química dos óleos essenciais), neurológica (baseada nas neurociências) e psiconeuroendocrinoimunológica (baseada na psiconeuroendocrinoimunologia). Esse trabalho se focou nos estudos préclínicos e clínicos de aromaterapia, a partir de uma visão psiconeuroendocrinoimunológica. A fim de servir como um passo inicial à padronização científica do assunto, foi proposto uma definição mais objetiva de aromaterapia, a partir da qual o trabalho foi desenvolvido. Dentro do modelo psiconeuroendocrinoimunológico, a aromaterapia pode ter efeitos diretos ou indiretos nos sistemas nervoso, endócrino, imune e psicológico, sendo esses efeitos tanto fisiológicos quanto psicológicos e dados por mecanismos de ação farmacológicos e olfativos. Os aromas sempre têm efeitos farmacológicos, independente da via de aplicação utilizada, no entanto, quando se utiliza a via inalatória, são acrescidos a esses efeitos farmacológicos os efeitos olfativos, que são próprios do sistema olfativo e diferenciados. O estudo do olfato é indispensável para o entendimento científico da aromaterapia e ele tem se desenvolvido amplamente, apesar de que ainda existem muitos elementos a serem esclarecidos. Com isso, os estudos na área da aromaterapia científica tem evoluído cada vez mais, permitindo estudos mais minuciosos e conclusivos a respeito do funcionamento dos óleos essenciais no organismo e na mente. Um caminho pra esses estudos, dentro do modelo psiconeuroendocrinoimunológico, é o estudo da relação entre aromaterapia e stress. A premissa básica da teoria de stress é estudar a integração do corpo e da psique. Esse estudo concluiu que a psiconeuroendocrinoimunologia é um modelo útil para estudar a aromaterapia, por permitir o seu estudo científico integrando seus efeitos fisiológicos e psicológicos, e que a organização realizada permitiu uma fundamentação teórica para a elaboração, em futuros projetos na área, de métodos científicos em aromaterapia, stress e psiconeuroendocrinoimunologia. / This is a theoretical study, based on bibliographical revision. It aimed to build a conceptual panorama of aromatherapy, considering it\'s history and development, and also propose an integrative model of the physiological and psychosocial aspects, based on the psychoneuroendocrineimmunological premisses. Aromatherapy is a millenarian practice, that suffered many changes throughout history, and, for this reason, nowadays, it is confusing and uncertain. It\'s reappearance in the 30\'s permitted a start of the scientific view of the theme. However, the scientific view evolved slowly because of the methodological difficulties that were found. The organization of the current panorama of this therapy permitted observing that many countries study aromatherapy. However, there are many different approaches and views of the subject, in a way that it\'s complex to do the intersection of the studies. In it\'s scientific study there are many elements to be considered, such as type of study (theoretical, preclinical or clinical), variables to control pharmacological, subject and procedural) and questions studied (about the effects of essential oils, about their action mechanisms and about the influence of the variables on both). Furthermore, currently there are many approaches to the study: philosophical (based on oriental heath philosophy), psychological (based on the concept of olfactory memory), pharmacochemical (based of pharmacology and essential oil chemistry), neurological (based on neuroscience) and psychoneuroendocrineimmunological (based on psychoneuroendocrineimmunology). This work focused on preclinical and clinical studies, from a psychoneuroendocrineimmuneological point of view. In order to serve as a first step to the scientific standardizing of the subject, a more objective definition of aromatherapy was proposed, from which the study developed the subject. In the psychoneuroendocrineimmunological model, aromatherapy may have direct or indirect effects in the nervous, endocrine, immune and psychological systems. These effects can be physiological and psychological and they are caused by pharmacological and olfactory mechanisms. Aromas always have pharmacological effects, independently from application via, but when the inhalation is used the olfactory effects are added to these pharmacological effects. The olfactory effects are different from the others and characteristic of the olfactory system. The study of olfaction is indispensable to the scientific understanding of aromatherapy and it has evolved immensely, although there are still many elements still to be understood. Consequently, the studies in aromatherapy also have evolved more, permitting more minute and conclusive studies about the functioning of essential oils in the organism and mind. A path to this kind of study, in the psychoneuroendocrineimmunological model, is the study of the interaction between aromatherapy and stress. The basic premiss of the theory of stress is to study the integration of body and mind. This study concluded that psychoneuroendocrineimmunology is a useful model to study aromatherapy because it permits the scientific evaluation of both physiological and psychological effects of aromatherapy. It also concluded that the organization of the current panorama permitted a theoretical foundation for elaboration of scientific methods in aromatherapy, stress and psychoneuroendocrineimmunology in future studies.

Les produits issus de la biomasse végétale connaissent depuis quelques années un succès grandissant dans de nombreuses industries (aromathérapie, cosmétique, parfums, etc.). L’objectif de notre étude était, d’une part de contribuer au développement des méthodes d’identification et de quantification des constituants des mélanges naturels par RMN 13C et RMN 1H (par exemple le squalène dans l’huile d’olive), et d’autre part, de contribuer à la caractérisation chimique de deux conifères introduits en Corse, le pin d’Alep (huile essentielle) et le cèdre de l’Atlas (huile essentielle, huile pyrolytique et résine).La première partie concerne la quantification du squalène présent dans l’huile d’olive. En effet, ce triterpène linéaire participe à la stabilité oxydative de l’huile d’olive et joue un rôle important dans la réduction des risques de certains cancers. Il s’agissait de mettre au point un protocole expérimental basé sur la RMN 1H ou 13C en utilisant un appareil de routine (9,4 Tesla). La quantification par RMN 13C s’est avérée fiable et elle a été appliquée à la quantification du squalène dans 25 échantillons d’huile d’olive de Corse.La seconde partie de nos travaux concerne la caractérisation chimique de l’huile essentielle de pin d’Alep introduit dans trois stations de Corse (Capo di Feno, Saleccia et Tre Padule de Suartone). L’analyse détaillée de l’huile essentielle de cônes, par combinaison des techniques chromatographiques et spectroscopiques, a permis d’identifier 48 composés. La composition chimique est largement dominée par les monoterpènes (Alpha-pinène et myrcène) et un sesquiterpène oléfinique ((E)-Béta-caryophyllène). La RMN 13C a permis d’identifier divers diterpènes, dont le 8,12-époxy-14-labdèn-13-ol. Ce composé est décrit pour la première fois dans l’huile essentielle de pin d’Alep. L’analyse de 15 échantillons d’huile essentielle de cônes a mis en évidence trois types de compositions : Alpha-pinène ; myrcène ; Alpha-pinène/myrcène. Enfin, l’analyse de 47 échantillons d’huile essentielle d’aiguilles, associée à un traitement statistique des données (ACP, AFD), a permis de mettre en évidence une variabilité chimique intraspécifique. Ainsi, les échantillons se répartissent en trois groupes selon leur teneur en (E)-Béta-caryophyllène (groupe I), en E-Béta-caryophyllène/Alpha-pinène/myrcène (groupe II) et en myrcène (groupe III).La dernière partie a été consacrée à l’étude de Cedrus atlantica. L’analyse détaillée d’une huile essentielle commerciale (du Maroc) a permis d’identifier 20 constituants, les composés majoritaires sont les Alpha-, Béta- et Gamma-himachalène. Par ailleurs, 7 composés absents de notre bibliothèque de données spectrales ont été identifiés par RMN 13C. Les compositions chimiques des huiles pyrolytiques artisanales du Maroc sont également dominées par les himachalènes et la (E)-Alpha-atlantone. Enfin, nous avons réalisé l’analyse qualitative et quantitative par RMN 13C, sans séparation préalable, de 28 échantillons de résine de C. atlantica récoltés dans les 5 forêts de Corse référencées par l’ONF (Bavella, Bonifato, Ospedale, Pineta et Vizzavona). A côté des acides résiniques, nous avons également identifié 3 lignanes (pinorésinol, laricirésinol et 9-acétate de laricirésinol). Pour l’ensemble de ces composés, nous avons mis en évidence trois types chimiques. Enfin, nous avons mis au point et validé un protocole expérimental de quantification des lignanes par RMN 1H. / Natural products isolated from plants acquired, in recent years, a growing success in many industries (aromatherapy, cosmetic, perfumes). The objective of our study was to contribute, on the one hand, to the development of methods involving 13C and 1H NMR for the identification and quantification of the components of natural mixtures, and on the other hand, to the chemical characterization of two conifers brought to Corsica, Aleppo pine (essential oil) and atlas cedar (essential oil, pyrolysis oil and resins).The first part concerned the quantification of squalene present in olive oil. Indeed, linear triterpene participated in the oxidative stability of olive oil and play an important role by decreasing some kind of cancers risks. It’s deal with to elaborate an experimental part based on NMR 1H and 13C by using routine apparatus (9.4 Tesla). Quantification by NMR 13C is reliable and have been applied to squalene quantification in 25 samples of Corsican olive oil.The second part of our work concerned the chemical characterization of the essential oil of Aleppo pine brought to Corsica in three different stations (Capo di Feno, Saleccia and Tre Padule de Suartone). A detailed analysis of cone essential oil, using the combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, leads to the identification of 48 compounds. Chemical composition is extensively dominated by monoterpens (Alpha-pinene and myrcene) and one olefinic sesquiterpen ((E)-Béta-caryophyllene). 13C NMR allowed to the identification of various diterpens, particularly the 8,12-epoxy-14-labden-13-ol. This compound is described for the first time in aleppo pine essential oil. Fifteen samples of cone essential oil were analysed allowing differentiating three kinds of compositions: Alpha-pinene; myrcene; Alpha-pinene/myrcene. Finally, analysis of 47 samples of needles essential oil, associated with statistical treatment of the results (PCA and PFA), suggested the occurrence of an intraspecific chemical variability. Samples are divided into three groups, based on their high contents in (E)-Béta-caryophyllene (groupe I), in (E)-Béta-caryophyllene/Alpha-pinene/myrcene (groupe II) and in myrcene (groupe III).The last part concerned the study of Cedrus atlantica. A detailed analysis of commercial essential oil leads to the identification of 20 constituents. Main compounds are Alpha-, Béta- and Gamma-himachalene. Moreover, seven compounds, not yet referenced in our home-made NMR spectral data library, were identified by NMR 13C. Chemical compositions of handwork pyrolysis oils from Morocco were also dominated by the himachalene’s and (E)--atlantone. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 28 samples of Cedrus atlantica resins, obtained from the five Corsican forests referenced by the Office National des Forêts of Corsica (Bavella, Bonifato, Ospedale, Pineta and Vizzavona) have been done, without any step of chromatography. Beside resinic acids, we have been identified three lignans (pinoresinol, lariciresinol and lariciresinol-9-acetate). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of these compounds, leads to the occurrence of three types of chemical composition. Finally, we have developed and validated a method for quantification of lignans by 1H NMR.

A técnica do inseto estéril visa a indução de esterilidade em fêmeas selvagens por meio do acasalamento com machos estéreis liberados em grandes quantidades no ambiente. Os insetos liberados devem ser capazes de competir com os selvagens pela cópula com as fêmeas, fertilizar seus ovos e evitar que ela copule novamente. A recópula com machos selvagens pode interferir na eficiência da técnica por resultar em ovos férteis. Não é conhecido como a sequência de cópula-recópula com machos estéreis e/ou selvagens determina a fertilidade dos ovos na mosca-da-fruta, Ceratitis capitata (Wied., 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae), nem as conseqüências deste comportamento, o que justificou o presente trabalho. Os experimentos foram realizados em laboratório, na Embrapa Semi-Árido, Petrolina-PE, sob condições ambientes de temperatura e umidade relativa, para determinar a influência do tipo e ordem das cópulas na indução de esterilidade, além de parâmetros do comportamento de recópula, como frequência recópula entre as fêmeas, número de cópulas for fêmea, tempo de cópula e recópula, período refratário e competitividade sexual dos machos. Foi também avaliada a interferência do tratamento aromático dos machos estéreis com óleo de gengibre sobre a recópula das fêmeas. A Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Juazeiro- BA forneceu os insetos estéreis, e os selvagens foram provenientes de pupas coletadas de frutos infestados em áreas frutícolas na região do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. Na presença de machos estéreis e selvagens concorrendo pelas cópulas na proporção de 5 estéreis: 1 selvagem, 63% das fêmeas recopularam em média 3,37 vezes com curto período refratário entre a cópula e a primeira recópula. O tratamento dos machos com óleo de gengibre diminuiu significativamente a taxa de recópula. A aromaterapia dos machos não reduziu a fecundidade e nem conferiu aos machos vantagem da competição espermática, entretanto aumentou a indução de esterilidade em fêmeas selvagens que recopularam. O segundo macho a copular a fêmea apresentou maior vantagem reprodutiva em curto período refratário. Conclui-se que para que a técnica do inseto estéril seja eficiente, é necessário que haja sempre machos estéreis de boa qualidade no campo para recopularem as fêmeas em curto período refratário. / The sterile insect technique (SIT) aim at the induction of sterility in wild females by mating with sterile males released in great amounts in the field. These released males must compete with wild ones being able to attract and mate wild females, fertilize their eggs and avoid remating with a wild male that would lead to fertile eggs and consequently reduce the efficiency of the technique. The circumstances in which remating of Ceratitis capitata (Wied., 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) females interfere with the SIT, as well as the consequences of this behavior are not well known, what justified the present study. The experiments were carried out at the Embrapa Semi-Árido, Petrolina-PE, inside the laboratory under ambient conditions of temperature and relative humidity to determine the influence of the order of mating type in the induction of sterility. The parameters evaluated to better understand the remating behavior were remating frequency, number of matings per female, mating and remating time, refractory period, sexual competitiveness of males, and the interference of males aromatherapy with ginger root oil in the females remating. Moscamed facility, Juazeiro-BA, provided the sterile males and the wild ones were from pupae collected from infested fruits from commercial orchards in the São Francisco River Valley. In the presence of sterile and wild males in competition (5 sterile: 1wild), 63% of females remated in average 3.37 times in short refractory period between the mating and the first remating. The males aromatherapy with ginger root oil reduced significantly the remating rate, but did not reduce the fecundity, neither confer advantage to the males in the sperm competition, however increased the induction of sterility in wild females multiply mated. The second male to mate the female presented reproductive advantage if the refractory period was short. For the SIT be efficient the sterile males in the field must always have great quality to remate the females in a short refractory period and thus induce sterility in the wild population.

Los niños entre 0 y 12 años pueden presentar enfermedades respiratorias de 8 a 10 veces al año, con episodios que varían desde un resfrió hasta bronquiales y/o asmáticos. Se considera un problema de salud público debido a su incidencia en la salud y la sociedad. Los factores que propician la manifestación de estas enfermedades se encuentran los climatológicos, contaminación en la vivienda, falta de prevención y atención inoportuna. En el Perú se promueve la prevención de estas enfermedades a través del Ministerio de Salud y colegios del estado que informan a los padres sobre las causas y consecuencias de estas enfermedades y la mejor manera de tratarlas y prevenirlas. Al identificar la necesidad de la prevención de las enfermedades respiratorias planteamos la idea de Almoha Terapia, una almohada elaborada con materiales antialérgicos, orgánicos y naturales que mediante la aromaterapia alivia los síntomas de las enfermedades respiratorias y previene la aparición de estas con la finalidad de brindar una mejora calidad de vida para el niño. El efecto de la aromaterapia se produce a través de una capsula ubicada en el interior de la almohada que contiene plantas medicinales como el eucalipto, menta y otras semillas que ayudan a mitigar la presencia de enfermedades respiratorias. Este producto es innovador puesto que no tenemos competencia directa en el mercado. Se ha realizado pensando en diseño amigable para el niño y con producto de la mejor calidad. A continuación, detallaremos los resultados de la investigación que muestra la viabilidad del proyecto. / Children between 0 and 12 years can present respiratory diseases 8 to 10 times a year, with episodes ranging from a cold to bronchial and / or asthmatic. It is considered a public health problem due to its impact on health and society. The factors that lead to the manifestation of these diseases are climatological, pollution in the home, lack of prevention and untimely attention. In Peru, the prevention of these diseases is promoted through the Ministry of Health and state schools that inform parents about the causes and consequences of these diseases and the best way to treat and prevent them. When identifying the need for the prevention of respiratory diseases we propose the idea of Almoha Therapy, a pillow made with antiallergic, organic and natural materials that through aromatherapy alleviates the symptoms of respiratory diseases and prevents the appearance of these in order to provide an improved quality of life for the child. The effect of aromatherapy is produced through a capsule located inside the pillow that contains medicinal plants such as eucalyptus, mint and other seeds that help mitigate the presence of respiratory diseases. This product is innovative since we have no direct competition in the market. It has been made with a child-friendly design and with the best quality product. Next, we will detail the results of the research that shows the viability of the project. / Trabajo de investigación

Orientador: Eliana Mara Braga / Banca: Maria Júlia Paes da Silva / Banca: Maria Alice Ornelas Pereira / Resumo: A enfermagem psiquiátrica e o cuidado em saúde mental têm acompanhado as inúmeras modificações que têm acontecido no âmbito da medicina e nas esferas social, histórica e cultural. Com isso, o cuidado ao portador de transtornos mentais tem se delineado à luz da Reforma Psiquiátrica e da Reabilitação Psicossocial, militando-se por preceitos como a humanização, a ressocialização e a reintegração desses usuários à sociedade. Assim, ocasionando mudanças bruscas na micropolítica do trabalho, nos profissionais da equipe de saúde, nos familiares e nos dispositivos de cuidado na rede em saúde mental. No sentido de pluralizar as práticas de cuidado no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), conta-se desde 1970 com as práticas complementares no Brasil, no entanto, de forma não sistematizada. Em 2006, o Ministério da Saúde (MS) publicou a Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (PNPIC), assegurando para os profissionais a aplicação dessas técnicas Dentre essas práticas cita-se aromaterapia, cuja utilização tem crescido atualmente e a enfermagem como sendo uma das principais classes profissionais representante desta terapia. Consiste na utilização de óleos essenciais por meio da inalação, aplicação dérmica e olfação, com objetivo de prevenção e tratamento. Dessa forma, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a eficácia da massagem com aromaterapia sobre a ansiedade de pacientes internados em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica, tendo como parâmetros uma escala de ansiedade validada nacional e internacionalmente (IDATE), a mensuração das frequências cardíaca e respiratória e a experiência do usuário em relação a esta prática. Trata-se de um estudo quanti-qualitativo, com delineamento de ensaio clínico não controlado, aplicado na unidade de internação psiquiátrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA). A população de estudo foi ... / Abstract: Psychiatric nursing and mental health care have followed the numerous changes that have taken place in medicine and in the social, historical and cultural realms. Hence, care provision to patients with mental disorders has been outlined in light of the Psychiatric Reform and Psychosocial Rehabilitation based on precepts such as humanization, resocialization and reintegration of such users into society, thus causing abrupt changes in the micro policies of work, in health care team members, in patients' relatives and in care provision devices in the mental health care network. With the purpose to pluralize care practices in the Unified Public Health System (SUS), complementary practices have been available in Brazil since 1970, although in a non-systematized fashion. In 2006, the Health Department (HD) published the National Policies for Integrative and Complementary Health Care Practices (Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde [PNPIC]), thus ensuring to professionals the application of such techniques. Among such practices, aromatherapy is mentioned, and its use has presently increased in Nursing as one of the main professional classes representing that therapy type. It consists in the use of essential oils by means of inhalation, dermal application and smelling, with the purpose of prevention and treatment. Therefore, this study aims at analyzing the efficacy of massage with aromatherapy on the anxiety of patients hospitalized in a psychiatric hospitalization unit, using, as parameters, a nationally and internationally validated anxiety scale (STAI), the measurement of heart and respiratory rates and users' experience in relation to that practice. It is a quanti-qualitative study with a non-controlled clinical-trial design applied in the psychiatric hospitalization unit of the Marilia School of Medicine University Hospital (FAMEMA). The population in the study consisted of fifty subjects ... / Mestre

Bakgrund: Kronisk njursvikt är ett globalt växande folkhälsoproblem. Många patienter är i ett stadie i sin sjukdom som kräver hemodialysbehandling, något som är förenat med en högre dödlighet och en väsentligt lägre livskvalité. Komplementär och alternativ medicin (KAM) kan därmed vara ett aktuellt ämne att studera som ett tillägg till traditionell konventionell medicin för att lindra symtom. Erikssons vårdteori utgjorde teoretisk referensram för detta examensarbete. Syfte: Att undersöka om fysiska- och mentala symtom samt livskvalitet hos patienter som genomgår hemodialys kan påverkas av alternativa- och komplementära behandlingsalternativ. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt där 10 kvantitativa artiklar valt ut för att användas. För att finna relevanta artiklar som besvarade studiens syfte användes databaserna: PubMed, CINAHL, PsykINFO och Cochrane Library. En om modifiering av Olsson och Sörensens (2011) kvaliteétsmall användes för kvalitetsgranskning av de kvantitativa artiklarna. Resultatanalysmetoden som användes var utarbetad av Forsberg och Wengström (2016), analysen genomfördes för att på ett enklare sätt identifiera likheter och skillnader mellan de utvalda artiklarna.  Resultat: Användning av KAM visade varierande resultat. I studierna fanns en reducering av smärta och klåda efter att patienterna lyssnat på livesång och utfört aromaterapi. Gällande depression, ångest och livskvalité fanns ett varierande resultat beroende på vilken behandlingsmetod som användes. Två kategorier och sju underkategorier identifierades. Slutsats: Användningen av KAM kan ha positiv påverkan på den fysiska- och mentala symtomen samt livskvaliteten. Mer forskning kring ämnet krävs för att sjukvårdspersonalen ska kunna erbjuda detta som ett komplement i omvårdnaden. / Background: Chronic kidneyfailure is a growing global public health problem. Many patients are at a stage in their illness that requires hemodialysis treatment, something that is associated with a higher mortality rate and a significantly lower quality of life. Complementary and alternative medicine is a topical subject to study as a supplement to the traditional medicine to reduce symptoms. Eriksson's theory of care was the theoretical reference frame for this thesis. Aim: Investigating whether physical and mental symptoms as well as quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis can be influenced by alternative and complementary treatment options. Method: A literature review based on 10 quantitative articles. To find relevant articles that answered the study's purpose PubMed, CINAHL, PsykINFO and Cochrane Library were used as databases. A modification of Olsson and Sörensen's (2011) quality template was used for quality review of the quantitative articles. The results analysis method used was developed by Forsberg and Wengström (2016), the analysis was carried out in order to more easily identify similarities and differences between the selected articles. Results: The use of CAM therapy showed varying results. In the studies, there was a reduction in pain and itching after the patients listened to live singing and performed aromatherapy. Regarding depression, anxiety and quality of life, there were varying results depending on the treatment method used. Two categories and seven subcategories are identified. Conclusion: The use of CAM medicine can have positive effects on the physical and mental quality of life. More research on the subject is required before the healthcare staff will be able to offer this as a complement to the nursing care.