Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-07-28T18:19:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 698486 bytes, checksum: 6632da2c088b4b1018c260c4cd2827c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T18:19:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 698486 bytes, checksum: 6632da2c088b4b1018c260c4cd2827c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / É importante para a preservação da variabilidade genética e da biodiversidade a correta classificação dos indivíduos. As técnicas de estatística multivariada comumente utilizada nessas situações são as funções discriminantes de Fisher e de Anderson, que permitem alocar um indivíduo inicialmente desconhecido em uma das g populações prováveis ou grupos pré-definidos. Entretanto, para o caso de populações não linearmente separáveis, esses métodos tem se mostrado pouco eficientes devido ao fato de não conseguir detectar a diferença entre as populações. Em alguns casos é preciso captar o máximo de informação possível e para tal outro método é necessário quando não for possível adquirir resultados pelos métodos multivariados. Portanto uma alternativa como possível solução para tal finalidade são as redes neurais artificiais, utilizadas em diversos problemas da Estatística, como agrupamento de indivíduos similares, previsão de séries temporais e em especial, os problemas de classificação. Outra técnica computacional que também vem adquirindo credibilidade e grande atenção nos últimos anos é conhecida como Máquina de Vetor Suporte (Support Vector Machines - SVMs). As SVMs vêm sendo utilizadas em diversas tarefas de reconhecimento de padrões, obtendo resultados superiores ou similares aos alcançados por técnicas similares em várias aplicações como em detecção de faces em imagens e na categorização de textos. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a utilização da máquinas de vetores suporte em problemas de discriminação de populações com estruturas genéticas conhecidas. Além disso, os resultados obtidos pela técnica foram comparados com aqueles advindos de análises discriminante de Anderson e redes neurais. Cada população foi caracterizada por um conjunto de elementos mensurados por características de natureza contínua. Foram geradas considerados 50 locos independentes, cada qual com dois alelos. As relações de parentescos e a estruturação hierárquica foram estabelecidas considerando populações genitoras geneticamente divergentes, híbrido F 1 e três gerações de retrocruzamentos em relação a cada um dos genitores, permitindo estabelecer parâmetros de eficácia das metodologias testadas. Os dados fenotípicos das populações foram utilizados para estabelecimento da função discriminante de Anderson e para o cálculo da taxa de erro aparente (TEA), que mede o número de classificações incorretas. As estimativas de TEA foram comparadas com as obtida por meio das Redes Neurais Artificiais e a Máquina de Vetor Suporte para verificação dos problemas de classificações, buscando minimizar o número de classificações incorretas em comparação aos obtidos pela função discriminante. De acordo com os resultados avaliados, a Rede Neural obteve resultados satisfatórios com TEA a 0% enquanto que o método SVM obteve TEA de 14,44% a 67,41% enquanto que a de Anderson manteve TEA entre 18,89% a 74,07%. No entanto são necessários mais estudos quanto a utilização da SVM com base em algoritmos de otimização de busca para o espaço de parâmetros para pôr fim tentar alcançar resultados mais satisfatórios. / It is important for the preservation of genetic variability and biodiversity the correct classification of the individuals. The techniques of multivariate statistics commonly used in these situations are the Fisher and Anderson discriminant functions, which allow you to allocate an individual initially unknown to one of g populations likely or groups pre-defined. However, for the case of populations that are not linearly separable, these methods have been shown little efficient due to the fact it’s not able to detect the difference between the populations. In some cases, it is necessary capturing as much information as possible and for that other method is required when it is not possible to acquire the results frommultivariate methods. Therefore an alternative as a possible solution for this purpose is the artificial neural networks, used in various problems of Statistics, such as grouping of individuals with similar forecasting time series and in particular, the problems of classification. Another computational technique that has been acquiring credibility and great attention in recent years is known as the Support Vector Machines (SVM).The SVMs have been used in various tasks of pattern recognition, achieving higher results or similar to those achieved by similar techniques in various applications, such as detection of faces in images, and in the categorization of texts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of Support Vector Machines in problems of population’s discrimination with a known genetic structure. In addition, the results obtained by the technique is compared with those resulting from analysis of Anderson discriminant function and neural networks. Each population was characterized by a set of elements measured by characteristics of continuous nature. Were generated considering 50 locos independent, each with two alleles. The relations of kinship and the hierarchical structuring were established considering populations genetically divergent, F1 hybrid and three generations of backcrossing in relation to each of the parents, allowing to establish parameters of effectiveness of the tested methodologies. The phenotypic data of the populations were used to establish the discriminant function of Anderson and for the calculation of the error rate apparent (TEA), that measures the number of incorrect ratings. Estimates of TEA were compared with those obtained by means of Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine for verification of classification problems, seeking to minimize the number of incorrect ratings in comparison to discriminant function. According to the results, the neural network obtained satisfactory results with a TEA of 0%, while the SVM method obtained TEA between 14.44% and 67.41%, while the results of Anderson function have TEA between 18.89% and 74.07%. However, it is necessary more studies about the use of the SVM based on the optimization algorithms for the search of the space of parameters in order to try to achieve results that are more satisfactory.

As formigas são criaturas fascinantes que, além dos avanços na biologia também inspiraram pesquisas sobre teoria da informação. Em particular, o estudo resultou na criação da Teoria da Forragem de Informação, que descreve como os agentes de buscam informações em seu ambiente. Esta teoria também explica fenômenos recentes e bem-sucedidos, como crowd sourcing. Crowdsourcing tem sido aplicado a muitas atividades em engenharia de software, incluindo desenvolvimento, tradução e testes, mas uma atividade parece resistir: depuração. No entanto, os desenvolvedores sabem que a depuração pode exigir dedicação, esforço, longas horas de trabalho, por vezes, para mudar uma linha de código único. Nós introduzimos o conceito de Depuração em Enxame, para trazer crowd sourcing para a atividade de depuração. Através de crowd sourcing, pretendemos ajudar os desenvolvedores, capitalizando a sua dedicação, esforço e longas horas de trabalho para facilitar atividades de depuração. Mostramos que a depuração enxame requer uma abordagem específica para recolher informações relevantes, e descrevemos sua infra-estrutura. Mostramos também que a depuração em enxame pode reduzir o esforço desenvolvedores. Concluímos com as vantagens e limitações atuais de depuração enxame, e sugerir caminhos para superar estas limitações e ainda mais a adoção de crowd sourcing para atividades de depuração. / Ants are fascinating creatures that beyond the advances in biology have also inspired research on information theory. In particular, their study resulted in the creation of the Information Foraging Theory, which describes how agents forages for information in their environment. This theory also explains recent and fruitful phenomena, such as crowdsourcing. Many activities in software engineering have applied crowdsourcing, including development, translation, and testing, but one action seems to resist: debugging. Developers know that debugging can require dedication, effort, long hours of work, sometimes for changing one line of code only. We introduce the concept of Swarm Debugging, to bring crowdsourcing to the activity of debugging. Through crowdsourcing, we aim at helping developers by capitalizing on their dedication, effort, and long hours of work to ease debugging activities of their peers or theirs, on other bugs. We show that swarm debugging requires a particular approach to collect relevant information, and we describe the Swarm Debugging Infrastructure. We also show that swarm debugging minimizes developers effort. We conclude with the advantages and current limitations of swarm debugging and suggest directions to overcome these limitations and further the adoption of crowdsourcing for debugging activities.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Itana Stiubiener / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, 2016. / No processo de ensino e aprendizagem à distância os professores e tutores são atores fundamentais, uma vez que estimulam o aprendizado e a participação dos alunos, assumindo o papel de mediadores deste processo. Assumindo-se que esta modalidade de educação depende do seu bom desempenho nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, seja no atendimento das dúvidas, na produção de conteúdo, na correção de atividades ou na verificação de acessos, se faz necessário que haja informações à disposição dos gestores dos ambientes e processos EaD para um acompanhamento mais efetivo desses processos. Esse acompanhamento apresenta diversas lacunas a saber: falta de experiência prévia dos professores e dos tutores, quantidade excessiva de alunos e de atividades, entre outras. O AVA Moodle oferece algumas ferramentas com recursos de Learning Analytics, porém, estas ferramentas retornam somente uma visão parcial por curso/contexto, o que dificulta o processo de gestão. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para auxiliar os professores a terem uma visão holística, integrada e transversal da participação dos seus alunos e aos gestores de todas as atividades desenvolvidas nos AVA's das ações dos professores, tutores e alunos nesses ambientes. Após a observação da dificuldade de obtenção dessas informações através de um estudo de caso desenvolvido em uma instituição de ensino foi proposta e desenvolvida uma ferramenta com o intuito de fornecer as informações necessárias aos professores em relação à participação de seus alunos, agrupadas por cursos vinculados ao mesmo e também fornecer relatórios aos gestores em relação às ações dos professores, tutores e alunos, obtidos através da utilização dessa ferramenta em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle com cursos em andamento. / In the process of teaching and distance learning education tutors are key actors, since they stimulate learning and participation of students, taking on a role as mediators of this knowledge. Assuming this type of education depends on the good performance of tutors in virtual learning environments, considering in attendance, the activities of correction or the access frequency, it is necessary to have information available to managers from the environments of distance learning processes for more effective monitoring of these processes. Such monitoring has several gaps namely: lack of previous experience of teachers and tutors, excessive number of students and activities, among others. The (AVA) Moodle offers some tools Learning Analytics features, however, these tools only return a partial view of the course / context, which makes the management process difficult. This paper presents a proposal to help teachers to have a holistic, integrated and cross-sectional view of the participation of their students and managers of all activities in AVA's, the actions of teachers, tutors and students in these environments. After observing the difficulty of obtaining this information through a case study developed in an educational institution it was proposed and developed a tool in order to provide the necessary information to teachers regarding the participation of their students, grouped by courses linked to same and also to provide reports to managers in relation to the actions of teachers, tutors and students, obtained from the use of this tool in a Moodle virtual learning environment with courses in progress.

As formigas são criaturas fascinantes que, além dos avanços na biologia também inspiraram pesquisas sobre teoria da informação. Em particular, o estudo resultou na criação da Teoria da Forragem de Informação, que descreve como os agentes de buscam informações em seu ambiente. Esta teoria também explica fenômenos recentes e bem-sucedidos, como crowd sourcing. Crowdsourcing tem sido aplicado a muitas atividades em engenharia de software, incluindo desenvolvimento, tradução e testes, mas uma atividade parece resistir: depuração. No entanto, os desenvolvedores sabem que a depuração pode exigir dedicação, esforço, longas horas de trabalho, por vezes, para mudar uma linha de código único. Nós introduzimos o conceito de Depuração em Enxame, para trazer crowd sourcing para a atividade de depuração. Através de crowd sourcing, pretendemos ajudar os desenvolvedores, capitalizando a sua dedicação, esforço e longas horas de trabalho para facilitar atividades de depuração. Mostramos que a depuração enxame requer uma abordagem específica para recolher informações relevantes, e descrevemos sua infra-estrutura. Mostramos também que a depuração em enxame pode reduzir o esforço desenvolvedores. Concluímos com as vantagens e limitações atuais de depuração enxame, e sugerir caminhos para superar estas limitações e ainda mais a adoção de crowd sourcing para atividades de depuração. / Ants are fascinating creatures that beyond the advances in biology have also inspired research on information theory. In particular, their study resulted in the creation of the Information Foraging Theory, which describes how agents forages for information in their environment. This theory also explains recent and fruitful phenomena, such as crowdsourcing. Many activities in software engineering have applied crowdsourcing, including development, translation, and testing, but one action seems to resist: debugging. Developers know that debugging can require dedication, effort, long hours of work, sometimes for changing one line of code only. We introduce the concept of Swarm Debugging, to bring crowdsourcing to the activity of debugging. Through crowdsourcing, we aim at helping developers by capitalizing on their dedication, effort, and long hours of work to ease debugging activities of their peers or theirs, on other bugs. We show that swarm debugging requires a particular approach to collect relevant information, and we describe the Swarm Debugging Infrastructure. We also show that swarm debugging minimizes developers effort. We conclude with the advantages and current limitations of swarm debugging and suggest directions to overcome these limitations and further the adoption of crowdsourcing for debugging activities.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-10-30T21:48:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Hermes_J_Inacio_2017.pdf: 1369528 bytes, checksum: 9f1cec87ee533d67c3b814487f544b56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-30T21:48:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hermes_J_Inacio_2017.pdf: 1369528 bytes, checksum: 9f1cec87ee533d67c3b814487f544b56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / This work had the main goal of analyzing the process of implementation of the Business Intelligence tool (BI) in a small company of the retail area of the construction of the West of Paraná (Brazil). As secondary objectives were raised the main limiters that restrict the implementation of the tool, it was evaluated the contribution of the Business Intelligence tool to the performance of the organization, and propose an implementation model for small companies. Therefore, we used the case study method with direct observation and interviews with the managers and collaborators who use the tool. The results obtained in the study demonstrated that there are several limitations to the implementation of Business Intelligence in small companies, among them, hardware and software limitation, process limitations and limitation of human resources. Such limitations can easily be overcome through the use of a model, which contemplates a flow of activities to be followed, demonstrating that the benefits generated by the tool for the performance of these organizations are notorious. Thus, the study was justified by the contribution that Business Intelligence brings to the performance of small companies, besides contributing directly to regional development through the role of employment creation, income and taxes of these enterprises. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o processo de implantação da ferramenta Inteligência de Negócio (IN) em uma empresa de pequeno porte da área de varejo da construção do Oeste do Paraná (Brasil). Como objetivos secundários foram levantados os principais limitadores que restringem essa implementação, foi avaliada a contribuição da ferramenta Inteligência de Negócio para o desempenho da organização, além de ser proposto um modelo de implementação para empresas de pequeno porte. Para tanto foi utilizado o método de estudo de caso com observação direta e entrevistas com os gestores e colaboradores que utilizam a ferramenta. Os resultados obtidos no estudo demonstram que existem diversas limitações para a implantação da Inteligência de Negócio em pequenas empresas, dentre eles, limitação de hardware e software, limitações de processo e limitação de recursos humanos. Tais limitações podem ser superadas facilmente a partir da utilização de um modelo que contemple um fluxo de atividades a ser seguido, demonstrando que são notórios os benefícios gerados pela ferramenta para o desempenho destas organizações. Desta forma, o estudo justificou-se pela contribuição que a Inteligência de Negócio traz para o desempenho das pequenas empresas, além de contribuir diretamente com o desenvolvimento regional pelo papel de geração de emprego, renda e tributos destes empreendimentos.

碩士 / 國立臺灣師範大學 / 國際人力資源發展研究所 / 105 / Rapid globalization, technological advancement, and increased market competitiveness have driven changes in the nature of employment, organizations and employment communications. Under such circumstances, people have been moving to other countries for work, school, pleasure etc., forming an internationally integrated society, seeking opportunities in the global market. This study examines the relationship between Institutional distance, personality, cultural intelligence and adjustment. Hierarchical regression analysis conducted on data from 401 college level international students- after controlling for age and gender show significant links between (a) cultural intelligence and adjustment; (b) institutional distance and personality; and (c) personality and adjustment. The important finding in this study is the complete moderation of the personality type (openness to experience) on the relationship between institutional distance and cross-cultural adjustment. This study contributes to the literature on adjustment of internationals, within the Taiwan context, to help facilitate better working arrangement between host nationals and international students.

Fonctionnant comme une économie de la différence corporelle, le sport sépare en catégories d’âge, de sexe, de poids, de handicap et de niveau. Pourtant, bon nombre de pratiques compétitives dites « mixtes » réunissent, sur un même terrain, des joueurs habitués à évoluer séparément. À partir de l’exemple de la mixité homme-femme, cette thèse aborde la reformulation des différences ‒ réelles ou construites – au moment des pratiques mixtes. Il s’agit de montrer en quoi le sexe demeure (ou non) un facteur déterminant des rapports entre individus dans un espace où le corps est l’opérateur de la relation aux autres. Pour ce faire nous avons observé cinq disciplines réunissant les conditions de la mixité : le Flag, le Korfbal, le Tchoukball, le Touch, l’Ultimate. Ces cinq sports collectifs qui mettent tous les corps en confrontation les uns les autres, constituent un échantillon à la fois riche et varié pour interroger les enjeux de la relation entre partenaires et adversaires. À travers l’analyse de la distribution des rôles, du temps de jeu, des stratégies collectives et des interactions, cette thèse interroge le sexe – être homme ou femme – aux prises avec le corps, c'est-à-dire l’ensemble des caractéristiques que l’individu mobilise dans les activités sportives. Si ce travail donne à voir un ordre sexué toujours latent et des rites d’interactions corporels entre les sexes contribuant à renforcer la distinction homme-femme, il montre un aspect rarement observé, à savoir que cette distinction se fait évanescente à mesure que le niveau de pratique et l’enjeu sportif augmentent. Le corps perd alors sa symbolique sexuelle et sexuée, devenant un simple outil au service du jeu. / Working as an economy of corporeal differences, sport divides according to age, gender, weight, handicap and level. However, many “mixed” sports gather, on the same field, players who are used to compete separately. Stemming from the mixed male-female context in sports, this dissertation addresses the reformulation of differences ‒ either socially innate or elaborated ‒ when mixed sports practices occur. The purpose of this study aims at showing how sex remains (or not) a determining factor regarding how people interact with one another in a delimited space where the body is the operator through which the relationship with the other is built. Five mixed sporting disciplines reuniting these conditions were selected and examined for this research: Flag, Korfbal, Tchoukball, Touch and Ultimate. These five team sports, ipso facto, confront the players’ bodies with one another.Through the analysis of role distributions, play time, collective strategies and interactions, this dissertation questions sex ‒ being man or woman ‒ and its firm hold on the body, that is to say the set of characteristics which anyone mobilizes in sports practice. If this research shows a latent and enduring gender-related order as well as corporeal rites of interaction between the sexes that are participating to the reinforcement of the male-female distinction and divide, it also shows a rarely observed and scarcely documented phenomenon: as the level and the sporting stakes increase, the male-female distinction dissipates, if not disappears. The body finds itself emancipated from its sexualized as well as gendered symbolism to become a mere tool at the service of the game.

Bassora se situe au fond du golfe Arabique. L’Irak ne possède qu’une modeste bande littorale sur le golfe Arabique, d’une longueur de 58 km, qui lui permet de donner sur le monde. Cette côte a une influence importante sur le commerce local comme sur le commerce extérieur de l’Irak étant donné qu’elle accueille les navires chargés de marchandises venant de divers pays, ainsi que l’exportation du pétrole. Cette situation a créé beaucoup d’opportunités comme elle a suscité des périls. Durant les deux dernières décennies, les ports irakiens ont connu une forte concurrence de la part des ports de pays voisins (Koweït, Jordanie, Syrie, Arabie Saoudite, Iran, Émirats Arabes Unis) qui ont fait des progrès et des développements remarquables, alors que, au contraire, la performance et l’efficacité des ports irakiens ont diminué au cours de la même période à cause des guerres des années 1980-2000 (avec la 1ère, la 2e et la 3e guerre du Golfe). Parmi les causes qui ont affaibli et causé un grand tort aux ports irakiens, il faut relever en particulier le blocus économique qui a été imposé à l’Irak durant 13 ans. Ce qui a incité le pays à utiliser les ports des pays voisins, tels que le port commercial d’Aqaba, pour importer et exporter des marchandises. Suite à l’ouverture économique de l’Irak après 2003, le pays a eu besoin de ports efficaces et efficients pour accueillir les navires avec des services attractifs et une bonne qualité de service. L’amélioration de leur compétitivité est alors devenue une nécessité. La thèse positionne la problématique irakienne dans le champ scientifique de la géographie des transports, dont elle utilise les concepts. Elle se place dans le champ général de l’émergence pour inscrire le cas particulier de l’Irak dans une réflexion qui vise à démontrer que, malgré un contexte encore dominé par des facteurs négatifs, la rationalité du monde des transports et de la logistique peut imposer un scénario de croissance sinon de développement durable. Par conséquent, cette étude vient révéler les possibilités des ports irakiens actuels. Elle s’intéresse aux problèmes et aux obstacles qu’ont connus les ports irakiens, ainsi qu’à l’analyse de leur compétitivité actuelle et à leurs perspectives d’avenir. De grands travaux sont nécessaires. L’organisation interne des ports doit également être revue. En construisant le port de Fao, qui est une étape essentielle pour l’amélioration de la compétitivité de l’Irak et en réponse aux exigences du commerce mondial, le pays relève la tête. Son but est d’entrer dans la compétition, non seulement en revoyant son schéma portuaire, mais également en développant des stratégies d’arrière-pays et de corridors multimodaux. Ainsi, avec Bassora-Fao, et en dépassant les seules logiques pétrolières, l’Irak peut retrouver une place dans le monde. / Basrah in the bottom of the Arabian Gulf. Iraq possesses a small 58km-coastline in the Arabian Gulf which gives the country a strategic view of the world. This side has a vital influence on the Iraqi local market as well as the global one since imports goods from various countries and mainly exports oil. Such a condition has triggered great opportunities, but it has unfortunately caused perils. During the last two decades, Iraqi ports have witnessed a tough competition with neighbor countries’ ports (Kuwait, Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iran, United Arab Emirates) who have been through noticeable development and progress while , the performance and efficiency of the Iraqi ports decreased during the same period because of the wars Iraq has conducted between 1980-2000 (1st , 2nd and 3rd Gulf war) . One of the causes which has weakened and caused shortcoming to the Iraqi ports is the economic blockade which has been imposed on Iraq for 13 years. This eventually forced Iraq to resort to neighbor countries’ ports goods such as the commercial port of Aqaba in order to import and export. Due to Iraqi economic prosperity after 2003, the country was in urgent need of affective and efficient ports that would enable it to host ships with attractive and high-quality services. Enhancing their competitiveness has thus became of great importance.This paper locates the Iraqi problematic in the scientific field of the geography of transport of the concept of which is seeks to rely on. It is framed within the emergency context to to include the particular case of Iraq in a reflection which aims to demonstrate that, despite a context still dominated by negative factors, the rationality of the world of transport and logistics can Impose a scenario of growth if not of sustainable development. Therefore, this survey proposes to reveal the possibilities of actual Iraqi ports It aims to study both the problems and obstacles that the Iraqi ports have witnessed and the actual actual competitiveness and for their future perspectives. A huge amount of work isis, accordingly, deemed necessary.The internal organization of ports needs to be examined. With the building of Fao port, which is an essential step towards the enhancement of Iraq’s competiveness and a response to the requirements of global market, Iraq holds its head high. Its goal is to enter the competition, not only by reexamining its port schema , but , in fact , by developing backcountry strategies and multimodal corridors. Furthermore, with Al-Basrah –Fao and through going beyond the oil logics alone, Iraq can find a maritime opening on the world.

The diploma thesis focuses on the creation of a business plan in the field of construction of an operational building, which is used for renting free space, for storage and for setting up a locksmith and metalworking workshop. The thesis contains a theoretical description of the business plan and the necessary analyzes. The practical part focuses on the business plan itself consisting of the construction of a new building and the transfer of existing locksmiths' production into their own business premises and the extension of the offered services of metalworking. In conclusion, the business plan is assessed, considering its feasibility under realistic conditions and determining the point of reversal in the implementation of the business plan.

The target of the thesis is to propose an appropriate information system that ensures the implementation of the business strategy for the garden division of the company AGRO CS a.s. Specifically it targets evaluating the use of enterprise information systems and the application of business intelligence according to the information base describing the company's business strategy. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first one is the theoretical part that outlines the methods used for analysing the business strategy and the theory background about business strategy itself. It also contains information system theory. The second part, the analysis part, presents the company and is based on the theoretical part. It also implements methods used for analysing the business strategy and analysing the appropriateness of the use of EIS systems or business intelligence applications. In the last part, the proposal part, an appropriate EIS or BI system is chosen based on consultations, requirements and targets that are the outcome of the previous part.