La vision classique et hiérarchique de l’organisation du système moteur est remise en question par la découverte d’autres structures que le cortex moteur primaire capables d’influer en parallèle sur la sortie motrice, dans le cadre d’un modèle hodotopique. L’objectif de ce travail a été d’étudier les réseaux de contrôle du mouvement à l’aide de stimulations électriques directes cérébrales lors de chirurgies en condition éveillée pratiquées pour l’exérèse de tumeurs cérébrales. Cette méthode permet la préservation de la fonction motrice tout en apportant de nombreuses informations sur l’organisation du système moteur en général. Le contrôle moteur a été étudié au travers du phénomène moteur négatif, qui consiste en un arrêt du mouvement sans perte de tonus ou de conscience lors d’électrostimulations. Décrit initialement au niveau cortical, nos travaux ont montré qu’il était possible d’identifier ce phénomène dans la substance blanche de façon bilatérale et que les fibres supportant ces réponses motrices négatives sont organisées d’une manière somatotopique, à l’instar de la voie pyramidale. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence une voie modulatrice motrice bilatérale capable d’inhiber les mouvements des deux membres supérieurs lors d’une stimulation sous-corticale unilatérale. Nous avons montré qu’une lésion des sites générant des réponses motrices négatives conduisait à un syndrome de l’aire motrice supplémentaire et à des troubles définitifs des mouvements fins et de la coordination bimanuelle. Ces résultats expliquent les troubles observés lors de chirurgies des régions prémotrices réalisées sans cartographie motrice active, c’est-à-dire cherchant uniquement à identifier les structures motrices primaires. Ils valident la nécessité de pratiquer une cartographie motrice en condition éveillée et ce quelle que soit la dominance hémisphérique. Ces résultats à l’échelle sous-corticale nous ont conduit à définir le concept de réseau moteur négatif et son implication dans les réseaux de contrôle moteur. Le preuve de l’existence de tels réseaux nous a permis d’explorer le niveau cortical et de mettre en évidence une organisation systématique des aires motrices négatives, proposant ainsi une autre vision que celles d’une répartition aléatoire ou somatotopique. Cette organisation en plusieurs aires effecteurs-dépendantes et redondantes a permis de confirmer par les stimulations électriques directes la ségrégation du gyrus précentral en plusieurs gradient rostro-caudal et dorso-ventral. L’ensemble de ces éléments nous a permis d’émettre plusieurs hypothèses concernant le rôle de ces réseaux. Nous supposons qu’il s’agit de plusieurs réseaux interconnectés fonctionnant à l’aide de mécanismes inhibiteurs internes, dont le rôle va de la modulation du flux moteur dans le cadre de processus décisionnels compétitifs intégrés aux aires négatives à l’inhibition vraie d’un comportement moteur dans le cadre de circuits entre le cortex et les noyaux gris centraux. La carte probabiliste réalisée permettra de planifier les chirurgies cérébrales mais aussi de servir de zone d’intérêt pour les nouvelles thérapies par stimulations et la recherche en neurosciences. / The classical and hierarchical view of the motor system has been challenged since the discovery of other structures able to modulate the motor output in the framework of a hodotopic model. The aim of this work was to study the motor control network thanks to direct electrostimulations performed during awake surgery for brain tumors. This method has shown its effectiveness to preserve motor functions while giving new highlights about the organization of the motor system. In our work, motor control has been studied through the negative motor phenomenon, which consists in a complete arrest of movement without loss of tonus or consciousness during electrostimulations. Initially described at a cortical level, our work demonstrated the possibility to elicit negative motor phenomenon in both hemispheres at a subcortical level. Moreover, we identified a bilateral modulatory motor pathway able to inhibit both upper limbs during unilateral subcortical stimulations. We also shown that fibers driving negative motor responses are organized in a somatotopic manner, like the pyramidal pathway. Resection of these fibers lead to a supplementary motor area syndrome with permanent deficit in fine motor skills and bimanual coordination. These results explain the neurological deficits which might occur after surgery in premotor areas when no active brain mapping is performed, that is, when only primary motor structures are sought. They emphasize the necessity to perform a motor mapping during awake surgery whatever the side and hemispheric dominance. These subcortical results led us to define the concept of negative motor networks and their involvement in motor control networks. Evidences of this network allowed us to explore the cortical level and to report a well-defined organization of the negative motor area, different from the random or somatotopic distributions previously described. This effector-dependent and redundant organization in several areas defined by direct electrostimulations has been helpful to confirm the rostro-caudal and dorso-ventral segregation of the precentral gyrus. Consequently, it was possible to propose several hypothesis about the role of these networks. We presume that they are constituted by several large-scale interconnected networks, based on internal inhibitor mechanisms, whose role goes from modulation of the motor output in a competitive model of decision-making integrated in the negative motor area to real inhibition of motor behaviors thanks to cortico-basal ganglia circuitry. The probabilistic map created with these works will be helpful to plan surgery but could also provide regions of interest for brain stimulations therapies as well as neuroscientific research.

ALK1 est un récepteur de la famille du TGF-β, principalement exprimé dans les cellules endothéliales. Le ligand physiologique et circulant d'ALK1, BMP9, a été découvert par notre laboratoire en 2007, ce qui a ouvert des possibilités d'étude de la fonction d'ALK1. La première partie de ma thèse a été consacrée à l'analyse fonctionnelle de mutants d'ALK1, retrouvés sur des patients atteints de la maladie de Rendu-Osler de type 2, en réponse à BMP9. Cette étude a permis de : 1) proposer l'haploinsuffisance fonctionnelle comme modèle de la maladie ; 2) développer un test diagnostique pour discriminer les mutations pathogènes des polymorphismes rares, basé sur leur réponse à BMP9 ; 3) d'avoir une meilleure connaissance des acides aminés d'ALK1 importants dans la réponse à BMP9. Un second travail a consisté en la production de la forme mature de BMP9 et du domaine extracellulaire d'ALK1 en vue de l'étude de la structure cristallographique du complexe. L'expression des protéines et leur purification sont en phase d'optimisation. Enfin, un troisième projet consistait en l'analyse du rôle de BMP9 dans l'angiogenèse in vivo. La neutralisation de BMP9 par deux stratégies distinctes induit une augmentation de la densité vasculaire dans la rétine de la souris. Le mécanisme est en cours d'investigation. / ALK1 is a TGF-β family receptor, mainly expressed on endothelial cells. The physiologic and circulating ligand of ALK1, BMP9, was discovered by our laboratory in 2007, which opened opportunities for studying the function of ALK1. The first part of my thesis was on the functional analysis of ALK1 mutants from HHT-2 patients in response to BMP9. This study allowed us to: 1) propose functional haploinsufficiency as a model for HHT-2; 2) develop a diagnostic tool to discriminate pathogenic mutations from rare polymorphisms, based on their BMP9 response; 3) increase our knowledge of important amino acids in ALK1 for the BMP9 response. A second work was on the production of the mature form of BMP9 and of the extracellular domain of ALK1 in order to study the crystallographic structure of the complex. The expression of these proteins and their purification are in optimization phase. Lastly, a third project was on the analysis of the role of BMP9 in angiogenesis in vivo. Neutralization of BMP9 using two strategies induces an increase of the vascular density of the retina in mouse. Mechanism of action is under investigation.

Fonctionnant comme une économie de la différence corporelle, le sport sépare en catégories d’âge, de sexe, de poids, de handicap et de niveau. Pourtant, bon nombre de pratiques compétitives dites « mixtes » réunissent, sur un même terrain, des joueurs habitués à évoluer séparément. À partir de l’exemple de la mixité homme-femme, cette thèse aborde la reformulation des différences ‒ réelles ou construites – au moment des pratiques mixtes. Il s’agit de montrer en quoi le sexe demeure (ou non) un facteur déterminant des rapports entre individus dans un espace où le corps est l’opérateur de la relation aux autres. Pour ce faire nous avons observé cinq disciplines réunissant les conditions de la mixité : le Flag, le Korfbal, le Tchoukball, le Touch, l’Ultimate. Ces cinq sports collectifs qui mettent tous les corps en confrontation les uns les autres, constituent un échantillon à la fois riche et varié pour interroger les enjeux de la relation entre partenaires et adversaires. À travers l’analyse de la distribution des rôles, du temps de jeu, des stratégies collectives et des interactions, cette thèse interroge le sexe – être homme ou femme – aux prises avec le corps, c'est-à-dire l’ensemble des caractéristiques que l’individu mobilise dans les activités sportives. Si ce travail donne à voir un ordre sexué toujours latent et des rites d’interactions corporels entre les sexes contribuant à renforcer la distinction homme-femme, il montre un aspect rarement observé, à savoir que cette distinction se fait évanescente à mesure que le niveau de pratique et l’enjeu sportif augmentent. Le corps perd alors sa symbolique sexuelle et sexuée, devenant un simple outil au service du jeu. / Working as an economy of corporeal differences, sport divides according to age, gender, weight, handicap and level. However, many “mixed” sports gather, on the same field, players who are used to compete separately. Stemming from the mixed male-female context in sports, this dissertation addresses the reformulation of differences ‒ either socially innate or elaborated ‒ when mixed sports practices occur. The purpose of this study aims at showing how sex remains (or not) a determining factor regarding how people interact with one another in a delimited space where the body is the operator through which the relationship with the other is built. Five mixed sporting disciplines reuniting these conditions were selected and examined for this research: Flag, Korfbal, Tchoukball, Touch and Ultimate. These five team sports, ipso facto, confront the players’ bodies with one another.Through the analysis of role distributions, play time, collective strategies and interactions, this dissertation questions sex ‒ being man or woman ‒ and its firm hold on the body, that is to say the set of characteristics which anyone mobilizes in sports practice. If this research shows a latent and enduring gender-related order as well as corporeal rites of interaction between the sexes that are participating to the reinforcement of the male-female distinction and divide, it also shows a rarely observed and scarcely documented phenomenon: as the level and the sporting stakes increase, the male-female distinction dissipates, if not disappears. The body finds itself emancipated from its sexualized as well as gendered symbolism to become a mere tool at the service of the game.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 novaes_crb_me_rcla.pdf: 1011959 bytes, checksum: b9d445b849381651289bb30d14300677 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Um dos fatores que agrega legitimidade a uma área do conhecimento científico é a produção acadêmica, corporificada na forma de um sistema de pós-graduação, que além de efetivar a formação acadêmica integra a pesquisa à transmissão de conhecimento, perpetuando um ciclo acadêmico. Escolheu-se como lócus deste estudo o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade do Intituto de Biociências da UNESP/Rio Claro, local em que se levantaram alguns questionamentos relativos à ausência de indicativos claros sobre a questão do referencial teórico no processo de formação e produção de conhecimento. Na busca de dados para confirmar ou refutar tal questão efetuou-se a análise de fonte documental relativa à 28 dissertações de mestrado produzidas na Área de Concentração Pedagogia da Motricidade Humana, no período de 1998 a 2002, assim como de consulta aos documentos históricos do processo de constituição desse programa. Corroborando com esse trabalho utilizou-se também de entrevista com os membros da comissão de criação da proposta desse programa e com representantes da área de concentração. O foco deste estudo se concentrou portanto em investigar a produção acadêmica do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade, área de concentração: Pedagogia da Motricidade Humana, buscando-se compreender os referenciais teóricos desta proposta, bem como seu processo de constituição. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo de caso, de análise qualitativa. A análise dos resultados obtidos no estudo e a sua discussão inicial apontaram indícios de uma possível fragmentação da área de conhecimento, levando a falta de uma aquiescência básica acerca da identidade do programa, sugerindo a necessidade de uma nova configuração curricular. . / One of the factors that joins legitimacy to an area of the scientific knowledge is the academic production, which has its corpus in the form of a master's degree system, which integrates the research into the knowledge transmission besides executing the academic formation, perpetuating that way an academic cycle. It was chosen as locus of this study the Masters degree Program in Motricity Sciences of Biosciences Institute of UNESP/Rio Claro, place where emerge some questioning about the absence of clear indicatives about the subject of the theoretical referential in the process of formation production of the knowledge. In the search of data to confirm or to refute such questions occurred the analysis of the documental source relative to 28 master's degree dissertations produced in the Concentration Area: Pedagogy of the Human Motricity, in the period from 1998 to 2002, as well as consultation to the historical documents of the constitution process of that program. Corroborating with that work was also used the interview with the members of the commission of creation of the proposal of that program and with representatives of the concentration area. The focus of this study pondered therefore in investigating the academic production of the Masters degree Program in Motricity Sciences, concentration area: Pedagogy of the Human Motricity being searching to understand the theoretical referential of this proposal, as well as its process of constitution. It is treated, therefore, of study of case, of qualitative analysis. The analysis of the results obtained in the study and it initial discussion had pointed indications of a possible fragmentation of the knowledge area, leading the lack of a basic consent concerning the identity of the program, suggesting the need of a new curricular configuration. (Complete abstract, click eletonic address below).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-02-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 siviero_ek_me_rcla.pdf: 949530 bytes, checksum: da4326957a56a59281ed31fdb759c11d (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / As experiências dos estados de ânimo levam o indivíduo a estruturar-se corporalmente e a manifestar reações fisiológicas que organizam, desorganizam e reorganizam as tensões musculares. Quando tornadas crônicas, modificam o movimento humano em si e as relações com o meio externo. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os efeitos do Lian Gong em 18 Terapias sobre a relação tensão muscular/estados de ânimo, em indivíduos de 30 a 60 anos. A amostra foi composta por 30 participantes distribuídos em quatro grupos, de acordo com o tempo de prática desta abordagem. A coleta dos dados foi efetuada através de questionários com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha: o primeiro diagnóstico e o segundo referente às práticas do Lian Gong. Esta pesquisa foi de natureza exploratória e os dados foram investigados qualitativa e quantitativamente, através de uma análise de conteúdo. As unidades de registro basearam-se em temas relacionados a sentimentos, comportamentos, opiniões e atitudes; e como unidade de contexto, cada questão referente aos dois questionários, distribuídos em sete categorias. Os resultados revelam que o Lian Gong em 18 Terapias é um sistema de auto-organização corporal e favorece a prevenção e a terapia. As 1a, 2a, 3a e 4a séries demonstram um relacionamento maior com a tensão muscular e estados de ânimo. A maioria dos participantes pensa e pratica o Lian Gong como forma de auto-ajuda, leveza, bem-estar, para diminuir a tensão e aliviar as dores no corpo; os participantes sentem-se mais alegres, dispostos, equilibrados, com energia, tranqüilos e auto-regulados; sentem-se mais relaxados, mais ágeis e mais flexíveis. Socialmente sentem-se mais extrovertidos, comunicativos, abertos para fazerem novas amizades e em relação ao comportamento familiar, mais calmos, pacientes, compreensivos... / The experiences of the state of spirit takes the individual to structure itself physically and to reveal physiological reactions that organize, disorganize and reorganize the muscular tensions. When they become chronic, they modify the human movement and the relations with the external atmosphere. The aim of this work is to identify the effects of Lian Gong in 18 therapies about the muscular tension relation / the state of spirit in individual aged from 30 to 60. The sample was composed of 30 participants that was separated in 4 groups, according to the knowledge of this subject. The data collection had been achieved through opened questions and multiple choice questionnaires. The first one, diagnosis and the second one regarding to Lian Gong experiences. This was an exploratory nature research and the data had been searched quantitativity and qualitativity through a content analysis. The unit of register had been based on subjects related to feelings, behaviors, opinions and attitudes; and as unit of context each question refered to both questionnaires, which had been distributed in seven categories. The results show that Lian Gong in 18 therapies is a system of self-physical organization and promote the prevention and the therapy. The 1ª, 2ª, 3ª and 4ª series show a larger connection with the muscular tension and the state of spirit. The majority of participants thinks and practices Lian Gong as a way of self-help, lightness, well being to diminish the tension and to relieve pains in the body; the participants feel happier, stimulated, balanced, calm, disciplined. They feel more relaxed, agile and more flexible. Socially they feel more extroverts, communicative, ready to make new friendships and with reference to the familiar behavior, they feel themselves calmer, patient, comprehensive and balanced. Therefore, Lian Gong in 18 therapies provides the awareness of a human being totally integrated.

Orientador: Luiz Alberto Lorenzetto / Banca: Afonso Antonio Machado / Banca: Elizabethe Paoliello Machado de Souza / Resumo: As experiências dos estados de ânimo levam o indivíduo a estruturar-se corporalmente e a manifestar reações fisiológicas que organizam, desorganizam e reorganizam as tensões musculares. Quando tornadas crônicas, modificam o movimento humano em si e as relações com o meio externo. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os efeitos do Lian Gong em 18 Terapias sobre a relação tensão muscular/estados de ânimo, em indivíduos de 30 a 60 anos. A amostra foi composta por 30 participantes distribuídos em quatro grupos, de acordo com o tempo de prática desta abordagem. A coleta dos dados foi efetuada através de questionários com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha: o primeiro diagnóstico e o segundo referente às práticas do Lian Gong. Esta pesquisa foi de natureza exploratória e os dados foram investigados qualitativa e quantitativamente, através de uma análise de conteúdo. As unidades de registro basearam-se em temas relacionados a sentimentos, comportamentos, opiniões e atitudes; e como unidade de contexto, cada questão referente aos dois questionários, distribuídos em sete categorias. Os resultados revelam que o Lian Gong em 18 Terapias é um sistema de auto-organização corporal e favorece a prevenção e a terapia. As 1a, 2a, 3a e 4a séries demonstram um relacionamento maior com a tensão muscular e estados de ânimo. A maioria dos participantes pensa e pratica o Lian Gong como forma de auto-ajuda, leveza, bem-estar, para diminuir a tensão e aliviar as dores no corpo; os participantes sentem-se mais alegres, dispostos, equilibrados, com energia, tranqüilos e auto-regulados; sentem-se mais relaxados, mais ágeis e mais flexíveis. Socialmente sentem-se mais extrovertidos, comunicativos, abertos para fazerem novas amizades e em relação ao comportamento familiar, mais calmos, pacientes, compreensivos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The experiences of the state of spirit takes the individual to structure itself physically and to reveal physiological reactions that organize, disorganize and reorganize the muscular tensions. When they become chronic, they modify the human movement and the relations with the external atmosphere. The aim of this work is to identify the effects of Lian Gong in 18 therapies about the muscular tension relation / the state of spirit in individual aged from 30 to 60. The sample was composed of 30 participants that was separated in 4 groups, according to the knowledge of this subject. The data collection had been achieved through opened questions and multiple choice questionnaires. The first one, diagnosis and the second one regarding to Lian Gong experiences. This was an exploratory nature research and the data had been searched quantitativity and qualitativity through a content analysis. The unit of register had been based on subjects related to feelings, behaviors, opinions and attitudes; and as unit of context each question refered to both questionnaires, which had been distributed in seven categories. The results show that Lian Gong in 18 therapies is a system of self-physical organization and promote the prevention and the therapy. The 1ª, 2ª, 3ª and 4ª series show a larger connection with the muscular tension and the state of spirit. The majority of participants thinks and practices Lian Gong as a way of self-help, lightness, well being to diminish the tension and to relieve pains in the body; the participants feel happier, stimulated, balanced, calm, disciplined. They feel more relaxed, agile and more flexible. Socially they feel more extroverts, communicative, ready to make new friendships and with reference to the familiar behavior, they feel themselves calmer, patient, comprehensive and balanced. Therefore, Lian Gong in 18 therapies provides the awareness of a human being totally integrated. / Mestre

Orientador: Samuel de Souza Neto / Banca: Dagmar Aparecida Cynthia França Hunger / Banca: Luiz Gonçalves Junior / Resumo: Um dos fatores que agrega legitimidade a uma área do conhecimento científico é a produção acadêmica, corporificada na forma de um sistema de pós-graduação, que além de efetivar a formação acadêmica integra a pesquisa à transmissão de conhecimento, perpetuando um ciclo acadêmico. Escolheu-se como lócus deste estudo o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade do Intituto de Biociências da UNESP/Rio Claro, local em que se levantaram alguns questionamentos relativos à "ausência" de indicativos claros sobre a questão do referencial teórico no processo de formação e produção de conhecimento. Na busca de dados para confirmar ou refutar tal questão efetuou-se a análise de fonte documental relativa à 28 dissertações de mestrado produzidas na Área de Concentração Pedagogia da Motricidade Humana, no período de 1998 a 2002, assim como de consulta aos documentos históricos do processo de constituição desse programa. Corroborando com esse trabalho utilizou-se também de entrevista com os membros da comissão de criação da proposta desse programa e com representantes da área de concentração. O foco deste estudo se concentrou portanto em investigar a produção acadêmica do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade, área de concentração: Pedagogia da Motricidade Humana, buscando-se compreender os referenciais teóricos desta proposta, bem como seu processo de constituição. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo de caso, de análise qualitativa. A análise dos resultados obtidos no estudo e a sua discussão inicial apontaram indícios de uma possível fragmentação da área de conhecimento, levando a falta de uma aquiescência básica acerca da identidade do programa, sugerindo a necessidade de uma nova configuração curricular. (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: One of the factors that joins legitimacy to an area of the scientific knowledge is the academic production, which has its corpus in the form of a master's degree system, which integrates the research into the knowledge transmission besides executing the academic formation, perpetuating that way an academic cycle. It was chosen as locus of this study the Masters degree Program in Motricity Sciences of Biosciences Institute of UNESP/Rio Claro, place where emerge some questioning about the "absence" of clear indicatives about the subject of the theoretical referential in the process of formation production of the knowledge. In the search of data to confirm or to refute such questions occurred the analysis of the documental source relative to 28 master's degree dissertations produced in the Concentration Area: Pedagogy of the Human Motricity, in the period from 1998 to 2002, as well as consultation to the historical documents of the constitution process of that program. Corroborating with that work was also used the interview with the members of the commission of creation of the proposal of that program and with representatives of the concentration area. The focus of this study pondered therefore in investigating the academic production of the Masters degree Program in Motricity Sciences, concentration area: Pedagogy of the Human Motricity being searching to understand the theoretical referential of this proposal, as well as its process of constitution. It is treated, therefore, of study of case, of qualitative analysis. The analysis of the results obtained in the study and it initial discussion had pointed indications of a possible fragmentation of the knowledge area, leading the lack of a basic consent concerning the identity of the program, suggesting the need of a new curricular configuration. (Complete abstract, click eletonic address below). / Mestre

Orientador: Silvio Ancizar Sanches Gamboa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T12:19:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarmoJunior_Wilsondo_D.pdf: 9607799 bytes, checksum: a106c874a63782cef2cbc8afe035540e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O discurso sobre a motricidade humana ainda oferece ampla possibilidade de debate, pois, embora tenha gerado no campo da Educação Física um conjunto de significados das práticas corporais na cultura contemporânea, esse discurso parece ter dado maior ênfase às questões sobre o corpo e movimento humano inseridas no conceito amplo de Educação Física. Entendemos que as práticas corporais somam um conjunto de atividades que ultrapassam os limites disciplinares do fazer educação física, quando tomadas no contexto da formação de conceitos sobre a corporeidade. Para que essa dinâmica conceitual esteja mais próxima da Educação Física e, junto a ela, possa contribuir para o aprimoramento da identidade da área, propomos uma reflexão com base numa filosofia que traga a corporeidade e a motricidade como conceitos importantes para a visão prática da Educação Física. Considerando que a discussão sobre Educação Física, ou sua referência à questão da motricidade humana, ainda contém os impactos das abordagens biológicas e culturais como atividades excludentes, vemos neste trabalho a possibilidade de: a) aprofundar a questão da Educação Física dentro de uma visão políssêmica - a definição de termos como ginástica, educação física e ciência da motricidade humana como conceitos que se entrelaçam, porém que, às vezes, se confundem diante de diferentes análises; b) desenvolver a compreensão da Educação Física como uma atividade cultural cuja referência à corporeidade requer a presença da reflexão filosófica; c) aproximar a Filosofia da Educação Física, sobretudo, considerar a contribuição de Merleau-Ponty na compreensão do conteúdo que sustenta a visão da prática na área da Educação Física. Como resultado dessa abordagem entre a questão da corporeidade e a Educação Física, destacamos: a) a necessidade de um inter-relacionamento entre a ciência e a filosofia para fortalecer o embasamento interdisciplinar entre o sentido da prática' da Educação Física e a visão cultural de seus conteúdos; b) a contribuição da filosofia neste caso, do pensamento de Merleau-Ponty - que poderá enriquecer esses conceitos sem ferir a tradição da área, trazendo novas dimensões ao discurso sobre a prática; c) a necessidade de potencializar o professor, oferecendo instrumentos de reflexão, para desenvolver projetos de Educação Física, entendendo-a como uma atividade inserida dentro de outras dimensões da cultura, como as artes, a ciência e a filosofia / Abstract: The speech about human "motricidade" seems to have inspired the cultural legacy of Physical Education. Although very explored in the academic field the term "human motricidade" is still inconsistent and has not achieved a real concept that could justify the relevance of the term, to the point of inspiring values revolutions and behavioral changes. The human "motricidade" is an structural concept, a meaningful set that is attributed to the practical dynamic of Physical Education and to everything it represents in contemporary reality. The contemporary culture seems to give sense to the questions about body and human movement whose performance is in the concept of Physical Education. If one understands that corporeal activities compound a set of activities and, from them a knowledgeable body that compound a discipline, it seems that "to do Physical Education" became cultural. Thus it seems that the speech about physical activities practice, mainly the human body, get some strength in meaning. In order for this conceptual dynamic be legitimated and acquire identity, we propose a philosophic approach and a broad discussion about the language in which the relation between body and human "motricidade" are been treated. Considering that some scientific arguments with strong tendency to biological approaches, whose language is part of the tradition of the projects about Physical Education and human movement we believe it is important to deal with the following topics: a) the question about the polyssemy of the point of view of the terminology within a philosophical view; b) the contribution of philosophy - Merlau-Ponty's thoughts - it can enrich concepts without harming the disciplinary tradition and bring new dimensions to the speech about practice; c) the criticism about the view of science in the world and its relation with Physical Education concepts as a cultural activity; d) the question about language as a view yet with low treatment within Physical Education concepts as an activity that belongs to general culture; e) a discussion about a possible philosophy that comes to give identity to the Physical Education as cultural and with as an anthropology of the practices. As a result from these approaches we observe how important is the reflection about these topics and mainly the anthropologic pertinent relationship between the culture of body and motion for man We highlight: a) an interdisciplinary background is needed in order to form a knowledgeable body that allows for Physical Education activities to became cultural practices and that they can make sense with other languages; b) the philosophy and language can alter concepts without injure or interfere in tradition and practice speech; c) it is necessary to involve the instructor, giving him reflection instruments, mainly giving strength to the concepts about Physical Education projects as a pedagogy for the totality of the human being d) to the Physical Education independently of the common used term, its the structure and its content is already inserted, although invisible, within others cultural entities together with the arts, the science, the philosophy and the religion. Inside this conclusion, one can continue the Physical Education project, philosophy and language. In this particular case we have seen that there is more sense and knowledge strength in Physical Education than we could think of. In theory or practice, to the subject or to the object, to the material or to the spirit, to the thoughts and to the forms, ali is added, and even against ideologies, educations and pedagogies it is important to make the professor an everlasting legislator of himself and of his students. To the body and to human "motricidade" a little bit of philosophy and a lot of other languages / Doutorado / Historia, Filosofia e Educação / Doutor em Educação

À Zitlala, dans l’État du Guerrero au Mexique ont lieu, plusieurs fois par an, différents combats rituels où les protagonistes s’affrontent à coups réels. Présentés dans les années soixante-dix comme « tradition en perdition », ils connaissent aujourd’hui un regain d’intérêt à l’intérieur duquel s’élaborent de nouvelles significations. À la croisée de l’histoire et de l’anthropologie, cette thèse analyse ces combats à partir d’une exploration autour de trois axes. Le premier, politico-historique, s’intéresse au contexte pour comprendre cette pratique corporelle dans l’épaisseur du temps long et au-delà d’une approche première qui les réduirait à des singularités locales. Le deuxième axe présente une ethnographie de sept combats (dont deux disparus dans les années 1980), eux-mêmes resitués dans le contexte plus général de jeux d’affrontements paysans. Le troisième axe de cette recherche est dirigé vers la matérialité de ces combats et l’étude des interactions corporelles et leurs effets subjectivants sur les protagonistes actuels. Ce parcours s’appuiera sur les transformations observées sur le terrain et mettra en lumière les ajustements du système symbolique aux nouvelles réalités économiques et sociales. / In Zitlala, located in the Mexican State of Guerrero, ritual combats during which protagonists confront each other, inflicting real blows, take place several times a year. Presented in the seventies as an “endangered tradition”, these combats are today attracting renewed interest, with new meanings being elaborated. At the crossroads of history and anthropology, this thesis analyses these combats based on an exploration taking in three avenues. The first, politico-historical, focuses on the context in order to understand this corporal practice, seen as rooted in the long term and transcending a primary approach that would reduce the combats to local particularities. The second presents an ethnography of seven combats (two of which disappeared in the 1980s), themselves situated in the broader context of rural games of confrontation. The third avenue of this research deals with the materiality of these combats and studies the corporal interactions and their subjective effects on contemporary protagonists. This work will also take into account transformations observed in the field and highlight the adjustments of the symbolic system to the new economic and social realties.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5019.pdf: 2734489 bytes, checksum: 80033548dd8a082cfd1c360d64b1a1b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Historically, the Physical Education, as well as other curricular components, has contributed to the maintenance of the structure of marginalization and oppression of schools, which does not consider the diversity expressed by the community it serves. Understanding that people educate themselves throughout their existence by linking their knowledge from different experiences to give meaning and direction to new learning, in this study we are committed to the development of a Physical Education who opposes the currently prevailing banking education. This study aimed to organize, conduct and investigate a pedagogical intervention guided in references of Human Motricity and Dialogical Pedagogy in Physical Education classes in order to answer the following guiding question: What are the possibilities of contribution and development of a dialogical praxis in Physical Education at the school? Aiming to understand the educational processes triggered by it in order to contribute to the construction of a pedagogical praxis in Physical Education. The intervention had dialogue as a central element and consisted of: thematic research attended by 34 children in a class of 4th year of elementary school, their fathers, mothers or guardians, the employees of the school and the teacher of Physical Education and teacher of the class in question; developments activities in the classroom regular Physical Education, organized from the themes listed generators. The investigation of this intervention was based on references of qualitative research, and for its realization, we used daily records and also interviews with participating children and Physical Education teacher of the class. Data were analyzed with inspiration in existential phenomenology, following phases: identification of units of meaning, organization of categories and construction of results. From such analysis emerged the following categories: a) Acquaintanceship in dialogue, which deals with moments of dialogue during action seeking the establishment of communion among children in the class lecture situations, especially where emerged attitudes of discrimination b) Construction of autonomy in dialogue, which addresses situations recorded that enabled an understanding of conditions that influence the process of developing autonomy of children during the classes, c) School community in dialogue that allows us to understand the relationships that are established between the various people that make up the school community, and how these relationships contribute to the educational processes which develop in school. In the considerations we list some of the contributions and limitations observed in the intervention process and believe that they can provide information to think and rethink Physical Education and also the school in order to develop pedagogical practices that enable the development of an increasingly liberating education. / Historicamente a Educação Física, assim como os demais componentes curriculares, vem contribuindo com a manutenção das estruturas de marginalização e opressão das instituições escolares, que não consideram a diversidade manifestada pela comunidade a que serve. Entendendo que as pessoas se educam ao longo de sua existência, relacionando seus saberes oriundos de diversas experiências para dar significando e sentido aos novos aprendizados, nos comprometemos neste estudo com o desenvolvimento de uma Educação Física que contraponha a educação bancária atualmente vigente. Este trabalho buscou organizar, realizar e investigar uma intervenção pedagógica pautada nos referenciais da Motricidade Humana e Pedagogia Dialógica em aulas de Educação Física Escolar com vista a responder a seguinte questão orientadora: Quais são as possibilidades de contribuição e desenvolvimento de uma práxis dialógica na Educação Física Escolar? E tendo como objetivo compreender os processos educativos desencadeados pela mesma, a fim de contribuir com a construção de uma práxis pedagógica em Educação Física. A intervenção teve o diálogo como elemento central e foi constituída de: investigação temática da qual participaram 34 crianças de uma turma de 4º ano do ensino fundamental, os respectivos pais, mães ou responsáveis, as funcionárias da escola bem como o professor de Educação Física e a professora da turma em questão; desenvolvimentos de atividades nas aulas regulares de Educação Física da turma, organizadas a partir dos temas geradores elencados. A investigação dessa intervenção pautouse em referenciais da pesquisa qualitativa e, para sua realização, foram utilizados registros em diários de campo e também entrevistas com as crianças participantes e com o professor de Educação Física da turma. Os dados foram analisados com inspiração na fenomenologia existencial, seguindo as fases: Identificação das unidades de significados, Organização das categorias e a construção dos resultados. Da citada análise emergiram as seguintes categorias: a) Convivência em diálogo, que trata dos momentos de diálogos durante a intervenção que buscavam o estabelecimento da Convivência entre as crianças da turma nas situações de aula, principalmente, nas quais surgiam atitudes de discriminação; b) Construção da autonomia em diálogo, que aborda situações registradas que possibilitaram uma compreensão sobre as condições que influenciam no processo de desenvolvimento da autonomia das crianças durante as aulas; c) Comunidade escolar em diálogo, que nos permite compreender as relações que se estabelecem entre as diversas pessoas que compõem a comunidade escolar, bem como tais relações podem contribuir para os processos educativos que se desenvolvem na escola. Nas considerações elencamos algumas das contribuições e limitações que observamos no processo de intervenção e acreditamos que estas podem fornecer subsídios para pensar e repensar a Educação Física e também a escola, a fim de desenvolver práticas pedagógicas que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de uma educação cada vez mais libertadora.