No description available.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the methods used by translators when translating spoken language in contemporary Danish fiction into Czech. In the first chapter, the Czech translation tradition is defined. This tradition influences Czech usage and tendencies. The second chapter introduces the features of stylized language reflected in literature written in Czech. As will be shown, these are mainly lexicological and morphological features and related stylistical means. The following chapters are devoted to the analysis of individual features of stylized language and their translation into Czech. Discussed are loanwords, diminutives, expletives, morphological changes, realia and politeness. The translated units are compared with Czech translation tradition and literature written in Czech.

Cette étude envisage le réseau internet comme un nouvel espace invitant à réinterpréter les libertés de la personne physique. Au titre de celles-ci, sont protégées la liberté individuelle, entendue comme le fait de ne pouvoir être arbitrairement détenu et la liberté d’aller et venir. Il doit en aller de même sur le réseau. Etablissant une analogie avec ces libertés, la première partie de la thèse consacre deux libertés : la liberté d’accès au réseau et la liberté de naviguer sur le web. La première implique de définir le contenu d’un service public de l’accès. De plus, il faut affirmer que la coupure d’accès au réseau doit être envisagée comme une mesure privative de liberté ; elle ne peut donc être décidée que par le juge judiciaire. L’affirmation de la liberté de naviguer sur le web conduit à envisager le régime du blocage des sites, une mesure qui ne peut intervenir que dans le cadre d’une police administrative spéciale. Dans la seconde partie il apparaît que ces deux libertés n’ont toutefois de sens que si l’individu a accès au réseau anonymement et n’est pas surveillé arbitrairement quand il navigue sur le web. Cette étude cherche ainsi à préciser le régime devant encadrer le mécanisme d’adressage du réseau. Sont définies les conditions du contrôle de l’identité de l’internaute à partir de son adresse IP. Enfin, il est soutenu qu’un principe général d’effacement des données révélant les sites visités doit être affirmé, principe qui s’applique aux différents acteurs du réseau, notamment les moteurs de recherche. L’interception de ces données ne peut procéder que d’un pouvoir sécuritaire ou hiérarchique sur l’internaute. / This study considers the internet as a new territory where rights guaranteed to each individual in physical space can be promoted; not only free speech and privacy, but also the Habeas Corpus prerogative writ, which protects against unlawful imprisonment, and the right to freedom of movement. Thus, processing by analogy, the dissertation intends to promote two specific digital rights: the freedom to connect to the internet and the freedom to surf on the web. The freedom to connect should be part of a public service which promotes this access through public policies. Moreover, barring someone from using the internet can only be decided by a judge. The freedom to surf should protect the web users against unreasonable restrictions. Thus, measures blocking illegal websites should not come through self-regulation but through a legal framework which defines how administrative authorities are entitled to decide such restrictions. The protection of these two rights entails further obligations. Individuals must access the internet anonymously and they must be aware of how the government monitors their actions on the web. This study tries to outline the content of measures aiming to frame network addressing mechanisms. Identity checks based on the IP address should be subject to a strict legal regime. The study concludes that individuals have to be protected from surveillance when data reveal their choices among websites while they are connected. Internet access providers, but also search engines and browsers, must delete this data. Only special measures taken by a public entity or someone entitled to control the web users may lead to this kind of data retention.

The number of WiFi Devices is increasing every day, most people traveling hasa device with a WiFi network card enabled. This is something EffectSoft AB in Halmstad utilizes in their service Flow, to track and count devices. The accuracy of counted devices was however not accurate enough for a commercial use and this is where this candidate Thesis will continue research on how to improve the accuracy. It introduces the fundamental problem on how one cannot directly count transmitted MAC-Addresses to count present devices, since the manufacturers implement features against this such as MAC-Address randomization. It covers how manufacturers are not consistent in their implementation of the IEEE 802.11 standard, how this can be utilized to estimate how many devices are present in the networkwith three different approaches. It also concludes that Control Frame Attacks is not a viable approach any longer to count devices and the best method for counting devices are a combination of Passive Probe Request Analysis techniques. / Mängden enheter som kommunicerar över WiFi ökar dagligen och idag bär de flesta människor en enhet med ett aktiverat WiFi-nätverkskort. Detta använder EffectSoft AB, ett företag i Halmstad till sin teknik Flow för att räkna mobila enheter. Noggrannheten för beräkningen är dock inte tillräckligt bra för att produkten ska kunna vara applicerbar på marknaden och därav handlar denna kandidatuppsatsen om beräkning av mobila enheter. Denna rapport presenterar de problem som man stöter på vid beräkning av mobila enheter som till exempel randomisering av MAC-Adresser. Den täcker även hur tillverkare inte är konsekventa i sin implementation av IEEE 802.11 standarden och hur detta kan utnyttjas genom tre metoderför beräkning av antal mobila enheter. Det fastställs att Control Frame Attack inte längre är en möjlig metod för syftet samt att den bästa metoden för beräkning avantalet mobila enheter är en kombination av olika passiva Probe Request analyser.

[pt] O presente trabalho investiga formas de tratamento de parentesco em uma comparação entre o japonês e o português do Brasil com aplicabilidade no ensino de Português como Segunda Língua para Estrangeiros (PL2E). Tanto na língua japonesa quanto na língua portuguesa é possível chamar, por exemplo, de tio uma pessoa que não é realmente irmão ou cunhado dos seus pais, mas a maneira de se utilizar esse e outros vocábulos de parentesco como tratamento difere em cada uma dessas línguas. Dessa forma, com dados de revistas em quadrinhos brasileiras e japonesas, analisa-se o uso de: avô, esposo, filho, irmão, neto, pai, tio e suas respectivas formas femininas. A análise é feita com base em conceitos da antropologia, do interculturalismo e da pragmática e confirma que há diferenças entre o uso japonês e o brasileiro dos vocábulos de parentesco. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram quando, como e por que cada uma dessas formas é escolhida pelos falantes para se referir a não-parentes. / [en] This dissertation investigates kinship address forms in Japanese and in Brazilian Portuguese, with applicability in Portuguese as a Second Language classes. Both in Japanese language and Portuguese language it is possible, for example, to use the word uncle to refer to a person who isn’t actually brother nor brother-in-law of either your parents. Still, the way of using this and other kinship words as address forms differ in these two languages. With data collected from Japanese and Brazilian comic books, the use of the following kinship words is analyzed: brother, father, grandfather, grandson, husband, son, uncle and its respective feminine forms. The analysis is based in concepts from Anthropology, Interculturalism and Pragmatics and it confirms that there are differences between Japanese and Brazilian use of kinship words. The results of this research show when, how and why each of these forms is chosen by the speaker to talk with a non-relative.

No description available.

本研究旨在探究將語言功能教學納入華語教學中之可行性，並選取華語稱謂語作為研究之對象。為達成研究目的，本研究以問卷調查方式以及訪談做為研究工具，有效問卷共計24份，透過問卷調取語料及配合訪談，進一步分析華語母語者在不同情境下對於稱謂語的擇用是否有規律可循。問卷調查以場合正式性、熟悉程度、階級、輩分與性別五項社會因素為主，檢測此五項社會因素個別如何宰制其對華語稱謂語的擇用，當其交乘時又會如何相互牽制與競爭。 　　經過研究實施與資料分析，在35個稱謂語中，只有7種形式使用頻率較高，包括「（名字　你）」、「您」、「職稱（｛你，您｝）」、「姓氏＋職稱（｛你，您｝）」、「（姓氏）職稱（｛你，您｝）」、「姓氏＋先生（｛你，您｝）」、「全名＋你」。在社會變相方面，發現性別對稱謂語的擇用不具顯著影響力。因此就場合正式性、熟悉程度、階級與輩分四項社會因素進行分析，歸結研究結果如下：（一）受試者在公開場合與私底下之首選均為併式「（名字　你）」。研究結果顯示場合正式性的高低對首選的指稱形式的選擇並無直接影響。換言之，場合正式性對於稱謂語不具識別性。（二）在很熟、不大熟與不認識三種情形下，「名字」或「你」使用頻率均很高，凸顯現在社會價值體系的走向仍偏向協和關係，且其已超越權勢的強度。因此，當需要標示社會差距時會使用「職稱」。換言之，熟悉程度對於稱謂語的擇用具影響力，並依此分列為兩大系統，以「名字」與「你」指稱熟悉度高的對象，以「職稱」指稱熟悉度低的對象。（三）指涉對象為上司時多選用有「職稱」者；指涉同事與下屬則偏向使用「（名字　你）」；「您」則少用於指涉下屬。另外，原先假設「階級」可分為上司、同事與下屬三種程度，然根據調查結果可重新切割為「上司」以及「非上司」（即同事與下屬）兩階即可。（四）在對象輩分高於自己的情況下傾向以「職稱」標示雙方社會距離，而在面對平輩或是晚輩時則不適用。選用「您」的情形在面對長輩或是平輩時較為頻繁，對晚輩則不使用。「名字」以及「你」的稱謂指涉則不分輩分高低，顯示這兩種語言形式基本上不受到輩分高低的控制。（五）綜合以上，發現四項社會因素個別對稱謂語之影響力的優先順序為：｛熟悉程度，階級｝＞輩分＞場合正式性；交乘考量時，對稱謂語之影響力的優先順序為：熟悉程度＞階級＞輩分＞場合正式性。無論是對於單獨或複合的稱謂形式，熟悉程度與階級的宰制均較強，影響力皆較大；而輩分與場合正式性的宰制較弱，影響力不明顯，可見與聽話者之間的關係才是主宰稱謂語擇用的主因。 　　最後本研究根據上述研究結果，對華語教學提出相關建議，並提出語言功能教學在華語教學實務上的應用與設計，希望能夠培養學習者建立對語言功能的意識與認識以及語言結構的使用能力，提升華語學習者的學習成效，達成語碼形式的正確性與使用之適切性兼具的成功溝通。

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lidia.pdf: 1072363 bytes, checksum: a5c35875f9e53fbad55a08803ee10872 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study investigates how media representations of young people and school produce modes of address and interfere in the cultural consumption of broadcast television programs in Brazil aimed at adolescents and how this public, from different classes and social contexts, consumes and resignifies its messages. As theoretical methodological references we adopted the Latin American theory of multiple mediations, the integral audience focus, cultural studies and theories of modes of address and of media representations. We investigate the cultural consumption of the Brazilian televised drama Malhação, by 5th 8th grade adolescents from a public and others from a private school, in the municipality of Florianópolis. The methodology used a questionnaire and collective interviews and supplied data that allow us to conclude that television is still one of the main sources of leisure and information for adolescents of different social classes; television dramas are among the favorite programs for this age group; Malhação produces modes of address focused on the public that it wants to reach and in fact reaches them through a socially compelling media representation of an adolescent model; and that the school is a very important space for sociability and education, above all for youth in the less favored social classes / Nesta pesquisa investigamos como as representações midiáticas de jovem e de escola produzem endereçamentos e interferem no consumo cultural de programas da rede aberta de televisão brasileira, destinados aos adolescentes e como este público, proveniente de diferentes classes e contextos sociais, consome e ressignifica suas mensagens. Como referencial teórico-metodológico adotamos a teoria latino-americana das múltiplas mediações e o enfoque integral da audiência, os estudos culturais, a teoria dos modos de endereçamento e das representações midiáticas. Investigamos o consumo cultural da telenovela Malhação, junto a adolescentes de 5ª a 8ª séries que freqüentam uma escola pública e outra privada, no município de Florianópolis. A metodologia utilizada, questionário e entrevistas coletivas, forneceu dados que nos permitem concluir que: a televisão permanece como uma das principais fontes de lazer e informação para adolescentes de diferentes classes sociais; as telenovelas figuram entre os programas prediletos para esta faixa etária; Malhação produz endereçamentos focados no público que deseja atingir e de fato o interpela a partir de uma representação midiática socialmente valorizada de um adolescente modelo; e que a escola é um espaço muito importante de sociabilidade e formação, sobretudo para jovens de classes sociais menos favorecidas