Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:25:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Marise V Paula.pdf: 1307417 bytes, checksum: 7269a41a5f8c11e88142f7a682d6ccde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-26 / (In) visibility of women is a theme discussed today by different branches of social sciences. During a long historical period, the shares masculine were noticed and the women appeared as an exception. From the 1960s, along with other social groups excluded, due to the action of the feminist movement, women have been regarded as subject of history. The present study attempts visibility geographical and historical analysis of gender relations in Congada the Feast of the Rosary in Catalão (GO), which represents one of the largest and most important manifestations of popular black culture in Brazil. The categories guiding this research are gender and space and contributed to the understanding of the spatiality of male and female in the universe of Congo and the implications for the visibility of women in public and private space dimensions. For the development of research studies have been conducted bibliographic and field work along the Congo in Catalão (GO) and persons linked to this cultural event, where photographic records were made and questionnaires and interviews. The use of oral history methodology was used in order to establish interpretations that allowed dealing with the subjective dimension of lived experience, providing basis for dialogues space as proposed. The survey results show that, despite the Feast of the Rosary happen in honor of a female figure of Mary of Nazareth under the title of Our Lady of the Rosary, the woman linked to congada presents a relative invisibility, even if she has ever participation higher in the Congo, and the preparation of food and clothing. His areas of action are still very much tied to its transit and private moments in the rituals of the festival follows a spatial and hierarchical separated by gender. Even when a woman becomes captain congadeiros dancer or a suit, a break with the sexism is not yet complete, as we observed hierarchical and spatial restrictions, which are reflected in their own gender identity of women congadeiros. Considering also that the present research is concerned mainly the black women, because the Congo is a popular manifestation of this segment originating ethnic-racial, socioeconomic data collected on women Congadeiros, repeat the framework of exclusion and marginalization of the collective, pointed out by several research in Brazil. Thus, it is understood that the discussion about women and gender identity in the Congo, on the (in) visibility of women as spatial theory, beyond the limits of congada and reaches the sociocultural reality of black women and Brazilian. / A (in) visibilidade da mulher é uma temática abordada na atualidade por diferentes ramos das ciências sociais. Durante um período histórico extenso, as ações masculinas eram notadas e as mulheres apareciam como exceção. A partir da década de 1960, juntamente com outros segmentos sociais excluídos, devido à ação do movimento feminista, as mulheres têm sido consideradas como sujeito da história. O presente trabalho busca a visibilidade geográfica e histórica acerca das relações de gênero na Congada da Festa do Rosário em Catalão (GO), a qual representa uma das maiores e mais importantes manifestações populares da cultura negra no Brasil. As categorias norteadoras desta pesquisa são espaço e gênero e colaboraram para a compreensão da espacialidade dos gêneros masculino e feminino no universo da Congada e as suas implicações para a visibilidade das mulheres nas dimensões espaciais públicas e privadas. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram realizados estudos bibliográficos e trabalhos de campo junto à Congada de Catalão (GO) e às pessoas ligadas a esta manifestação cultural, onde foram feitos registros fotográficos, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. O recurso metodológico da historia oral, foi utilizado com o intuito de estabelecer interpretações que permitiram lidar com a dimensão subjetiva do vivido, fornecendo subsídio para interlocuções espaciais como proposto. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que, apesar da Festa do Rosário acontecer em homenagem a uma figura feminina, de Maria de Nazaré sob o título de Nossa Senhora do Rosário, a mulher vinculada à Congada apresenta uma invisibilidade relativa, mesmo que ela tenha participação cada vez maior na Congada, além da preparação das roupas e alimentos. Seus espaços de ação ainda estão muito vinculados ao privado e seu trânsito nos momentos dos rituais da festa obedece a uma espacialização separada e hierarquizada pelo gênero. Mesmo quando a mulher congadeira se torna capitã ou dançadora de um terno, a ruptura com o sexismo ainda não é completa, pois observamos restrições espaciais e hierárquicas, que se refletem na própria identidade de gênero da mulher congadeira. Considerando ainda que a presente pesquisa ocupa-se principalmente das mulheres negras, visto que a Congada é uma manifestação popular originária deste segmento étnico-racial, os dados socioeconômicos, levantados sobre as mulheres congadeiras, repetem o quadro de exclusão e marginalização do coletivo, apontados por diversas pesquisas no Brasil. Desta forma, compreende-se que a reflexão acerca das mulheres e identidade de gênero na Congada, tendo a (in) visibilidade espacial da mulher como tese, ultrapassa os limites da congada e atinge a realidade sociocultural da mulher negra e brasileira.

Esta dissertação trata do impacto do onze de setembro sobre a visibilidade das comunidades muçulmanas no Brasil a partir de uma rede de instituições sunitas, com foco em duas especialmente, a União das Entidades Islâmicas (UNI) e a Assembleia Mundial da Juventude Islâmica (WAMY) e seu trabalho político com direitos humanos. As entidades passaram a ser interpeladas com acusações que se relacionam, fundamentalmente, à violação de direitos humanos, com um forte viés orientalista, nos termos de Edward Said. As iniciativas públicas e principais posicionamentos políticos tocam na questão dos direitos das mulheres e a proteção à vida. Além disso, os direitos humanos aparecem nas agendas humanitárias globais pautadas pelas entidades e outros atores políticos muçulmanos, como a questão palestina. Optei por abordá-los a partir de uma perspectiva de vida social ativa dada a heterogeneidade de material que tinha em mãos. Por fim, as entidades me revelaram um projeto político de comunidade com uma estética e uma ética específicas, bastante enleadas com a lógica de produção de imagens típicas de uma politicidade dos espaços de debate público contemporâneos. / This dissertation deals with the impact of September 11 on the visibility of Muslim communities in Brazil from a network of Sunni institutions, with a focus on two in particular, the Union of Islamic Entities (UNI) and the Islamic World Youth Assembly (WAMY) and his political work with human rights. The entities are now challenged with allegations that relate mainly to the violation of human rights, with a strong bias Orientalist, according to Edward Said. Public initiatives and major political positions touch the issue of women\'s rights and the protection of life. In addition, human rights appear in the global humanitarian agenda guided by the entities and other Muslim political actors, such as the Palestinian issue. I chose to approach them from a perspective of active social life given the heterogeneity of the material at hand. Finally, the authorities have shown me a community political project with an aesthetic and a specific ethical, rather ensnared with typical imaging logic of a political nature of the spaces of contemporary public debate.

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a bula dos medicamentos sob a ótica dos idosos verificando os aspectos da compreensão, visibilidade, legibilidade e as opiniões relacionadas à bula. Foram entrevistadas pessoas que freqüentavam grupos de atividades para idosos, localizados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Um total de 88 participantes leu a bula do fármaco atenolol. Destes, um grupo de 47 pessoas leu a bula redigida de acordo com a Portaria nº 110/1997 e outro de 41 pessoas leu a bula do mesmo fármaco redigida de acordo com a RDC nº 140/2003, sendo que após a leitura recebiam um valor de pontuação para a compreensão. Os aspectos formais da bula foram avaliados por 80 participantes, a partir da escolha das bulas preferidas. A legibilidade foi investigada por meio do Índice de Legibilidade de Flesch e as opiniões relacionadas à bula com o emprego da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, este último envolvendo 25 participantes. A média dos valores de pontuação dos idosos que leram a bula redigida de acordo com a legislação de 1997 foi 66 pontos e daqueles que leram a bula redigida de acordo com a legislação de 2003 foi 68 pontos. A bula preferida pelos participantes apresentava leiaute com letra Arial e tamanho 1,88mm. O Índice de Flesch para as bulas redigidas de acordo com a legislação de 1997 foi 43,78% e para aquelas de acordo com a legislação de 2003 foi 47,20%. Os idosos consideram a bula uma importante fonte de informação, orientação e segurança e, de maneira geral, verificou-se que compreendem a bula. Apesar disso, muitos deles não a lêem porque têm letras miúdas, excesso de informações e muitos termos técnicos. Houve uma evolução no que diz respeito à legislação dos textos das bulas. As bulas avaliadas que estavam com seus textos adequados à legislação de 2003 tiveram resultados superiores às bulas com seus textos de acordo com a legislação de 1997, mostrando assim, que existe um empenho por parte das autoridades sanitárias em melhorar a qualidade e eficiência da informação ao paciente. / The aim of the study is to evaluate the drug label by elderly views and check comprehension, visibility, legibility and their opinion about labels. People were assessed from elderly activities groups in Rio Grande do Sul state. 88 participants read the atenolol drug’s label, 47 of them read the drug label according as the 1997’s law and 41 read the same drug label according as the 2003’s law. Comprehension was evaluated through a point scale that’s based on elderly answers for the questions about label content. Among these people, 80 evaluated the drug’s label visibility and they had to choose the best label. The legibility was assessed by the Flesch Reading Score and the elderly opinion by the Collective Subject Discourse. The drugs labels analysis by the Collective Subject Discourse included 25 people. The mean score of the people that read the drug label according the 1997’s law was 66 points and that people who read the drug label according 2003’s law was 68 points. The drug label which has a layout with letters type Arial and 1,8mm was preferred by the participants. The Flesch Reading Score for the two drugs label was 43,78% for drug label according the 1997’s law and 47,20% for drug label according the 2003’s law. Elderly people consider the drug label an important source of information, orientation and safety. In general way, they understand the drug label. Despite this, many of them doesn’t read because it has small letters, excess of information and too many technical terminations. It had an evolution, in relation to drugs labels laws. The drugs labels according 2003’s law got better results than the drug labels according 1997’s law. We perceived that have an interest by sanitary authorities to improve the quality and efficiency about patient information.

“Spaces of Visibility and Identity” is an exploration on how being immersed in constant visibility has an effect on an individual’s identity. Visibility is not a narrow term meant to signify solely observation; rather, visibility is the state of existing within a world that does not allow for total isolation. To exist within the world is to be visible to others, and this visibility is inescapable. Visibility can be seen as a presentation or a disclosure of oneself to other beings. Existing within the world inevitably implies that one is presenting oneself to others, whether or not the presentation is deliberate. I will be going over two different spaces of visibility throughout this paper: “space of surveillance” and “space of appearance.” The “space of surveillance,” discussed by Michel Foucault, is the space where normative standards of identity are created through discursive acts. This space is meant to control, coerce, and normalize. The “space of surveillance” is important for an exploration of identity formation, because it cannot be ignored that each individual is disclosing themselves in the context of a pre-existing world. This ‘pre-existing world’ is full of normative standards that affect identity formation, but it does not have to ultimately determine an identity. The “space of appearance,” as articulated by Hannah Arendt, is meant to be a supplement to the dogmatic normative standards created within a “space of surveillance.” The “space of appearance” gives those that do not, or do not want to, adhere to the normative standards created by the “space of surveillance” a space to disclose an identity that can challenge and rearticulate what is consider normal or culturally intelligible in the first place. The “space of appearance” is not meant to replace the “space of surveillance;” rather, it has the “space of surveillance” as a contextual background that can be challenged. I have found that both spaces of visibility are necessary for an exploration on identity formation, and I have used gender identity as a concrete example to exemplify both spaces.

Le handicap est aujourd’hui de plus en plus présent dans le monde de l’art. Ce phénomène est le plus souvent analysé dans la perspective de l’Art thérapie, dans laquelle le théâtre est envisagé comme un outil thérapeutique au service du patient.Cette thèse s’ancre dans une perspective très différente : elle étudie la question de la visibilité du handicap mental via une approche esthétique et politique, inspirée du courant anglo-saxon des disabilty studies, dans lequel le handicap est notamment analysé comme un phénomène social et culturel. La première partie est consacrée à un historique de la mise en visibilité de l’anormalité en général, ˆ travers les phénomènes de foire et les cas pathologiques entre le XVIe et le XXe siècle, en Europe et aux États-Unis. Elle souligne que la visibilité de ce qui est aujourd’hui appelé handicap a toujours joué sur l’ambiguïté entre la présentation et la représentation. La deuxième partie se concentre sur le théâtre contemporain et analyse les conditions de mise en audibilité du handicap mental dans trois spectacles des années 2010 : Le Bizarre Incident du chien pendant la nuit mis en scène par P. Adrien, L’Empereur c’est moi mis en scène par V. Poirier et Rendez-vous gare de l’Est mis en scène par G. Vincent. Interprétées par des comédien.ne.s considéré.e.s comme valides, ces trois propositions artistiques prennent le handicap pour thème et le présentent sous la forme d’un partage d’expérience. Il y apparaît comme un écart à une norme sociale, qu’il contribue alors à mettre en question. La troisième partie est consacrée à des spectacles exclusivement interprétés par des comédien.ne.s en situation de handicap mental, dans lesquels celui-ci devient une ressource esthétique, tant au niveau de la dramaturgie, que du jeu d’acteur ou de la mise en scène. Des créations de la Compagnie de l’Oiseau-Mouche, de l’Atelier Catalyse et du Theater HORA, ainsi que les discours portés sur elles, sont ainsi analysées et comparées. / Disability is nowadays increasingly present in the art world. This phenomenon is usually analyzed in the context of art therapy, in which theater is used as a way to improve the patient’s health. This dissertation adopts a very different perspective: inspired by disability studies, in which disability is considered a social and cultural phenomenon, it focuses on the visibility of mental disability through an aesthetic and political lens. The first part is an historical contextualization of abnormality in general. It studies how the freaks and the pathological cases gained visibility between the 16th and the 20th century, in Europe and in the United States. It stresses that what is nowadays called Ôdisability’ was always represented rather than merely exhibited. The second part focuses on contemporary theater and examines how mental disability can be heard, through the analysis of three performances created in the 2010’s : The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time directed by par P. Adrien, I am the Emperor directed by V. Poirier et Meet me at East Train Station directed by par G. Vincent. Played by able actors and actresses, these performances take disability as a theme and show it as a sharing of experience. Disability is portrayed as a deviation from social norms, which it enables to question. The third part is devoted to performances entirely played by actors and actresses with mental disabilities, in which disability becomes an aesthetic resource regarding dramaturgy, playing and staging. Creations by La Compagnie de l’Oiseau-Mouche, Atelier Catalyse and the Theater HORA, as well as the discourse about these companies, are analyzed and compared to each other.

International migration and the refugee crisis have sparked a number of debates within the public policy circle. This issue also has profound social and cultural implications, even in the museum sector. Despite the efforts of ethnographic museums to set aside skin colour or ethnicities as a means of distinction, and to be open to new perspectives, the representation of migrants, refugees and ethnic minorities still evokes the purported continuity of white supremacy as the persistent legacy of colonialism. In this thesis, my attempt is to examine the extent to which there is a probability of exercising invisible power in participatory and exhibition spaces. I look at how the Tensta Art Centre, as a small and local institute, tackles the production of different knowledges and attempts to become a space of appearance for migrants and ethnic minorities. I also compare its efforts with those of big-scale institutes such as the World Culture Museum, which is a Swedish ethnographic museum. This study investigates the possibility of producing a place of embodied institutional critique within exhibition spaces in an active and meaningful way. This has been explored through the concept of visibility/invisibility in the complexes of visuality, as evident in the observations made in my study cases. In addition, I have adopted a critical analysis approach to examine the possibility of having multiple and assemblage forms of knowledge productions in participatory spaces. Finally, through my study, I understood that despite the effort to make the new space without hierarchy, there is still the risk and possibility of hegemonic discourses and thinking that lead to complicities.

Using Foucault’s notion of a dispositif or social apparatus, this thesis charts the pedagogical relations established in contemporary literacy discourse in terms of a space of visibility and a form of sayability, and analyses them as operating within power-knowledge. It furthers this analysis by conceptualising the space of literacy as a normative heterotopia and as a recent mutation of bio-power, the government of the developing body. Such analysis problematises the discourse of literacy, from the term’s systematic indefiniteness to its real effectivity in producing subjects, spaces and disciplinary techniques. Literacy combines and interrelates a nineteenth-century establishment and a twentieth-century rearrangement of pedagogical space. The national language, the developing child, as well as the world of demands and national progress: all emerge as part of the nineteenth-century educational state, forming a set of disciplinary procedures, a structure of perception and a desire to recognise and utilise language development. Literacy discourse appropriates these knowledges and multiplies the sites in which they operate. It articulates the recognition and enablement of non-standard literacies with the governmental project of intensifying and directing the powers of a population. The pedagogical relations operationalised in literacy discourse project a continuous disciplinary power over a general social space. Thus, literacy has become both a common and much theorised social concern, and a term which structures lives, spaces, discourse and power. / Beginning with a close analysis of a recent education policy document, this thesis looks at the deployment of literacy as a way of organising experience through discourse and as a means of modulating the relations between three historically constituted terms: the student, the text, and the world. Schooling and literacy thus insert themselves into a machinery of social production and into the production of everyday concerns and processes. Consequently, literacy enters into our most material and non-linguistic moments through a teleological arrangement of time and space, a pedagogisation which is at the same time a textualisation of existence.

This thesis concerns a research project about psoriasis care and conse¬quences of psoriasis in the county of Västerbotten in Northern Sweden. The overall aim of the thesis is to contribute to improvement of psoriasis care through increased knowledge of the use and accessibility of psoriasis care, and knowledge of impact of psoriasis on patients’ daily lives by describing and interpreting: (i) accessibility and use of psoriasis care, (ii) consequences of having psoriasis in everyday life, and (iii) dilemmas in psoriasis care and visions of future care among professionals, politicians and administrators. The theoretical framework in the psoriasis project was based on previous research, theories and concepts about priority setting, stigma, coping and qual¬ity of life. Parts of the framework were basis of the project plan and other parts were included in order to analyse the findings. Two different methodological approaches were used as complement to each other. The project started with a questionnaire to all known persons with psoriasis in Västerbotten with ques¬tions about socio-economic factors, psoriasis symptoms, psoriasis care, and quality of life. These formed the basis for two studies. The first focused on quality of life, and the other on gender differences in psoriasis care. Qualita¬tive research interviews were made with persons with psoriasis, and with ad¬ministrators, politicians and professionals. The interviews formed the basis for two studies focusing on consequences of psoriasis, and priorities and visions in psoriasis care, respectively. Findings from the studies are reported in four papers. Accessibility of psoriasis care influenced the use among persons with pso¬riasis. Use was also influenced by age, income, joint symptoms and quality of life. Men used psoriasis care more often than women. Both genders expected professional care and amelioration, while more women valued polite treat¬ment. Expectations were fulfilled apart from amelioration. Among decision makers, accessibility and issues on organisation and ethics involved priority dilemmas. The persons with psoriasis stated that visibility of both skin psoria¬sis and joint changes, as well as being stigmatised, was the worst with living with psoriasis. The visibility and stigmatisation were most difficult in younger ages. Some of those with both rashes and joint changes thus felt stigmatised in a twofold way. In order to deal with these difficulties, commonly used coping strategies were routinisation of both treatment and of adjustment to the stigma¬tising process, a strategy which could not be found in literature, and accep¬tance. These strategies developed with age. Those with large disease extent and joint symptoms run the highest risk of impaired health-related quality of life. Most of the interviewed participants, took power over their lives and by using coping strategies created an acceptable personal quality of life for them¬selves. Still they could not find anything positive with having psoriasis. In specialised care as well as local health care, special attention should be paid to gender differences and distance to treatment facilities, and handling of possible stigmatisation in patient care. This thesis suggests that the coping theories should be complemented with routinisation as a coping strategy for psoriasis patients. Also, more research on the usefulness of the letter of referral and its consequence on equality and fairness are suggested.

This study aims to investigate the influence of air pollutant concentration and meteorological factors on the atmospheric visibility in Taipei basin. First of all, we collected air quality data measured by ambient air quality monitoring stations of EPA (Environmental Protection Administration) and the meteorological factors monitored by Tamsui and Taipei meteorological stations separately, based on the range of three observation directions. We then analyzed the data by PCA (principal component analysis) to determine the main effective factors on atmospheric visibility under low visibility condition. In order to comprehend the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric visibility, we collected the atmospheric visibility data from Taipei meteorological observation stations for the past twenty-two years (1984~2005), it showed that the atmospheric visibility increased gradually. The seasonal variation of visibility was also observed, the best season was autumn (10.7 km) and the worst season was spring (7.5 km). Furthermore, according to the monthly statistical results, the visibility trends in the Taipei Basin can be separated into three typical periods: low visibility period (January to May), transitional period (June to September), high visibility period (October to December). The average atmospheric visibilities observed at the Tamsui, Songshan, and Sindian directions were 10.66 km , 9.54 km and 8.44 km, respectively. In general, the visibility at the Tamsui direction was slightly higher than those from other two directions. The results showed that atmospheric visibility was influenced not only by air pollutant levels and meteorological factors, but also affected by local topography of Taipei Basin. This study revealed that the atmospheric visibility data led on the Tamsui, Songshan observation directions is better. Four intensive observations of atmospheric visibility were conducted during March 28~April 1, July 4~8, September 19~23, and November 14~18 in the year of 2006, respectively. The results showed that the atmospheric visibilities at Tamsui direction were generally higher than other two directions. The visibilities observed in the afternoon were generally higher than those in the morning. Results obtained from the principle component analysis showed that the atmospheric visibility in the Taipei Basin were mainly influenced by PM10, NOx and CO, that mobile sources was the main cause of low visibility in the Taipei Basin. In addition, Tamsui region were affected by PM10 and SO2 more than Songshan and Sindian regions, which was influenced by neighboring industrial and the power plants. In the meteorological factors, wind speed and temperature have more influence on atmospheric visibility, however, the relationship between atmospheric visibility and relative humidity was somehow irregular. The analysis of the spatial distribution of air pollutants showed that low visibilities can not be caused only by high air pollutant concentration within the region, it may caused by the rise of air pollutant concentration in the transition region.

The visibility-aware path planner addresses the problem of path planning for target visibility. It computes sequences of motions that afford a line of sight to a stationary visual target for sensors on a robotic platform. The visibility-aware planner uses a model of the visible region, namely, the region of the task space in which a line of sight exists to the target. The planner also takes the orientation of the sensor into account, utilizing a model of the field of view frustum. The planner applies a penalty to paths that cause the sensor to lose target visibility by exiting the visible region or rotating so the target is not in the field of view. The planner applies these penalties to the edges in a probabilistic roadmap, providing weights in the roadmap graph for graph-search based planning algorithms. This thesis presents two variants on the planner. The static multi-query planner precomputes penalties for all roadmap edges and performs a best-path search using Dijkstra's algorithm. The dynamic single-query planner uses an iterative test-and-reject search to find paths of acceptable penalty without the benefit of precomputation. Four experiments are presented which validate the planners and present examples of the path planning for visibility on 6-DOF robot manipulators. The algorithms are statistically tested with multiple queries. Results show that the planner finds paths with significantly lower losses of target visibility than existing shortest-path planners.