Les énigmes font partie des obstacles principaux que l’on rencontre dans les jeux vidéo. Si certains genres demandent de résoudre des puzzles, la plupart des jeux font également varier les défis en proposant au joueur des problèmes à résoudre. Là où l’affrontement contre des ennemis, le franchissement de plateformes, semblent être des éléments mieux définis dans les études vidéoludiques, les énigmes, quant à elle, posent un problème nouveau. Il s’agit en effet de figures bien antérieures aux jeux vidéo, qui s’y retrouvent sous des formes diverses et produisent des effets variés. Face à cette profusion, une étude de l’énigme vidéoludique doit s’intéresser aux deux pôles du problème : la figure de l’énigme – la rupture qu’elle créé dans la compréhension du jeu par le joueur – et l’effet énigmatique qui, sans offrir formellement une énigme, insuffle un doute quant à l’interprétation de l’expérience vidéoludique. D’une part, une telle réflexion figurale sur les jeux vidéo doit se faire en revenant sur l’évolution de cette figure et les grandes questions (métaphore, mimésis) qu’elle reformule en s’actualisant dans les dispositifs vidéoludiques. D’autre part, énigme et énigmatique se trouvent alors au cœur d’une réflexion sur la communication vidéoludique consacrée aux effets du jeu sur le joueur, mais également poétique puisqu’il faut envisager la force d’agir et la puissance créatrice du joueur qui cherche la solution. Les grandes structures énigmatiques qui parcourent le jeu vidéo et qui se retrouvent dans les énigmes (comme la quête) doivent également nous permettre de comprendre l’expérience du sens au cœur de ces enjeux herméneutiques. On propose alors de considérer, depuis la figure de l’énigme, la question de communication fondamentale que constitue l’étude du discours vidéoludique entre joueur et jeu. / Enigmas are one of the main obstacles of video games. If some genres require solving puzzles, most games also vary the challenges they face their player with by proposing problems to solve. If the confrontation against enemies or the crossing of platforms seem to be defined elements in video games studies, enigmas introduce a new problem. It is indeed a figure older than video gaming which presents itself through various forms and generates various effects. Faced with such a profusion, a study of video game enigmas should focus on the two poles of the problem: enigma as a figure – rupture it causes in the player's understanding of the game – and the enigmatic effect which, although without any formal enigma, instills a doubt as to the interpretation of the video game experience. On the one hand, a figural analysis of video games must be done while looking back at the evolution of the figure and the major questions (metaphor, mimesis) that it reformulates by operating in a specific way through video game apparatus. On the other hand, enigma and enigmatic and at the core of a consideration of videogame communication devoted to the effects of the game on the player, and also of a poetical consideration since one must reflect on the importance of the effectiveness and the creative force that the player seeking solutions conveys. The great enigmatic structures that develop through video games and can be found in enigmas (such as quest) will shed light on the understanding of the experience of meaning which is at the heart of these hermeneutic issues. While considering enigma as a figure, we draw attention to the fundamental communication matter that that the study of the video game discourse between the game and its player constitutes.

Este ensaio estuda a invenção retórico-poética do poema épico Vila Rica, lido como uma composição que emula o costume da escrita das epopéias gregas, latinas e modernas, especialmente a Farsália de Lucano e a Henriade de Voltaire, atualizando, pelo intermédio do pensamento das preceptivas de Francisco José Freire, filtradas pela postura crítica de Voltaire, que deprecia a importância de muitas regras convenientes ao decoro do gênero épico. A epopéia de Cláudio Manuel da Costa é entendida como um exercício prático de poesia, orientado para o ensinamento da instrução moral e para a admiração do deleite poético, retratadas na atitude ideal do chefe militar português de uma encenação da história da pacificação das terras mineiras, produzindo uma gênese mítica heróica para a pátria mineira, buscando a perpetuação da memória na posteridade, seguindo o exemplo da poesia épica retratada no mundo hispano-colonial, no chamado Siglo de oro, que encena a descoberta e a pacificação das colônias pelos europeus, aplicando um estilo sublime na reinvenção de uma ação entendida como heróica. Ao realizar este movimento, permanecendo inédito por muito tempo, e pouco divulgado por séculos, o poema Vila Rica agrega uma fortuna crítica que se divide entre a apologia e o vitupério do texto, que representa o topos do utópico, na medida em que a paisagem retratada difere evidentemente daquela encontrada na Arcádia e nas margens do rio Mondego, mais adequadas à figuração do exemplar locus amoenus, da poesia idílica de Teócrito. Ao mesmo tempo, realiza a mitificação da história pela superposição de diversos fatos históricos, apresentados no Fundamento Histórico, encenados como tópicos da morte e do amor, orientando e evidenciando o caráter de valorização da glória dos feitos dos representados do reino português num herói portador da perfecta eloquentia, contra um suposto domínio da lei natural pelos nativos do Estado do Brasil, reinventando a história na agregação de uma glória poética a ser reconhecida ou inventada numa sociedade hierárquica que encena a si mesma num teatro de imagens e discursos. Exclui-se a subjetividade de um sujeito em conflito consigo próprio pela melancolia da paisagem rochosa, buscando-se a glória, além da tradição, demonstrando a honra da moral católica da sociedade colonial luso-brasileira no empenho da elucidação da história. / This essay studies the rhetorical-poetical invention of the epic poem Vila Rica, read as a composition that emulates the written custom of the greek, latim and modern epics, especially the Pharsalia of Lucan and the Henriade of Voltaire, bringing up to date, by the intermediacy of the thought of Francisco José Freire\'s precepts, filtered by the critical position of Voltaire, that depreciates the importance of many convenient rules to the decorum on the epic genus. The epic of Cláudio Manuel da Costa is understood as a practical exercise of poetry, guided by the teaching of a moral instruction and in favor of the admiration of a poetical delight, portrayed in the ideal attitude of the Portuguese military head as a representation of the mining lands pacification\'s history, producing a mythical heroic source for the mining country, searching the upholding of the memory in the posterity, following the example of the epic poetry portrayed in the Hispanic-colonial world, in the so called Siglo de oro, that represents the discovery and the pacification of colonies by Europeans, applying a sublime style in the re-invention of an action understood as heroic. When carrying through this movement, remaining unknown for a long time, and little divulged for centuries, the poem Vila Rica supports a critical history that is divided between praise and vituperation of the text, which represents the topos of utopian, taking into account that the portrayed landscape differs evidently from that one joined in the Arcadia and in the edges of the Mondego river, adjusted to the picture of the pattern locus amoenus, of the idyllic poetry of Theocritus. At the same time, it carries through turning the History into a myth, by the overlapping of various historical events, presented in the Fundamento Histórico, figured as topics of the death and of love, guiding and evidencing the estimation\'s character on the glory of the Portuguese kingdom\'s representatives\' actions in a hero carrying a perfecta eloquentia, against a belief in the natural law\'s domain on the State of Brazil\'s natives, re-inventing History in the aggregation of a recognized poetical glory, or to be invented in a hierarchic society that stages itself in a theater of images and speeches. It is abstained the subjectivity of a being in conflict with himself caused by the melancholy of the rocky landscape, searching the glory, further than tradition, demonstrating the moralistic catholic\'s honor in the Portuguese-Brazilian colonial\'s society, persistencing in the explanation of History.

Nossa tese contempla a abordagem de dois problemas inter-relacionados: 1) pensar sobre as analogias poéticas nos procedimentos composicionais entre dois ciclos de obras de autores de épocas distintas, Luís Álvares Pinto e Hermeto Pascoal; 2) realizar uma edição crítica destas pequenas peças musicais com seus acompanhamentos harmônicos realizados enquanto intervenções inventivas, viabilizando o acesso às obras por parte de um número maior de intérpretes-executores através da resolução dos elementos em aberto, uma vez que, no caso de Luís Álvares Pinto, há duetos que pressupõem trios e, no caso de Hermeto Pascoal, há uma voz solista que pressupõe duetos. Primeiramente, trabalhamos as questões confluentes e os elementos composicionais análogos que surgem quando aproximamos: 1) os 25 solfejos a duas vozes de Luís Álvares Pinto, parte final de seu tratado didático Muzico e Moderno Systema para Solfejar, de 1776; 2) 34 lead sheets selecionadas do Calendário do som, um manuscrito de 366 peças compostas por Hermeto Pascoal, entre 23 de junho de 1996 e 23 de junho de 1997, uma obra que contempla a composição de uma peça por dia ao longo de um ano. Visamos, assim, indagar sobre os procedimentos composicionais que transcendem realidades historicamente diferenciadas. Segundo, confeccionamos uma edição crítica das partituras de ambos os ciclos de obras destes dois compositores nordestinos e reconhecidos como músicos referenciais por seus pares em suas épocas, com a realização das harmonias. Outro objetivo importante é a aplicabilidade prática da tese: disponibilizar aos músicos intérpretes-executores interessados de dentro e fora da academia as partituras destas obras por nós editadas, viabilizando suas performances. Entendemos que esta última etapa de nossa tese representa um resultado efetivo e significativo de nossa pesquisa, cumprindo assim o papel acadêmico - ao lado do ensino e da pesquisa - de estender os resultados dos conhecimentos produzidos na universidade à comunidade na forma de prestação de serviços. O trabalho está inserido na linha de pesquisa: Música Brasileira: história, interpretação-execução, processos composicionais e editoriais do Grupo de Pesquisa do CNPq: Poíesis, Práxis e Theoria em Música, sob coordenação do nosso orientador. / Our thesis approaches two interrelated issues: 1) we discuss poetic analogies in compositional procedures that appear in two cycles of compositions by two different authors of distinct periods, Luís Álvares Pinto and Hermeto Pascoal; 2) We prepare a critical edition of these pieces with their harmonic accompaniment worked out in inventive interventions that make them accessible to a larger number of interpreters-performers. First, we work with confluent questions and analogous compositional elements that arise as we approach the 25 solfeggios in two voices by Luís Álvares Pinto and the 34 lead sheets retrieved from the Calendário do som . The 25 solfeggios belong to the final part of the didactic treaty Muzico e Moderno Systema para Solfejar, from 1776. The Calendário do som is a manuscript of 366 pieces composed by Hermeto Pascoal between 23 June 1996 and 23 June 1997, covering the composition of one piece a day along a year. We aim, thus, to inquire about the compositional procedures that transcend different historic realities. Secondly, we prepare a critical edition of the scores of the works that have been researched, and that contain realizations of the open elements. Thus, the practical application of the thesis: to make their performance feasible to a larger range of interested musicians, from within or outside the Academy. We understand that this last part of our thesis represents an effective and meaningful result of our research, playing in this way the academic role - besides teaching and research - of extending the knowledge produced at the university to the community, as a service provision. The work pertains to the research line: Brazilian Music: history, interpretation-performance, compositional and editorial processes of the CNPq Research Group: Poíesis, Práxis and Theoria in Music, coordinated by our supervisor.

Este estudo compara a mímese poética do mundo árabe-islâmico, especialmente no livro de contos As mil e uma noites, com a mímese poética do mundo hispano-americano na obra literária de Jorge Luis Borges. A obra anônima das Noites tornou-se a principal referência para especular tanto as formas e as estratégias de construção narrativa quanto os conteúdos temáticos na criação poética do escritor argentino. Devido à magnitude da produção literária borgeana, este estudo considerou o livro El Aleph (1946) e três contos de El libro de arena (1975)- El espejo y la máscara, Undr e El disco. O trabalho se propõe afirmar que a poética árabe-islâmica, enquanto acervo da cultura universal constituiu-se num dos elementos vitais para a construção da poética narrativa de Jorge Luis Borges / This study compares the poetic mimesis of the Arabic-Islamic world, specially the book of tales The Arabian Nights, with the poetic mimesis of the American- Hispanic world in Jorge Luis Borges literary production. The anonymous literary composition The Arabian Nights became the main reference to speculate both the form and the narrative construction strategies as well as the thematic contents as a poetic creation of the Argentinian author. Due to the magnitude of the borgesian literary production, this study has only considered the book El Aleph (1946) and three narratives of El libro de arena (1975) El espejo y la máscara, Undr and El disco. As a result, the study proposes to state that the Arabic- Islamic Poetics, albeit a universal cultural patrimony, constituted itself in one of the vital elements to the construction of Jorge Luis Borges Narrative Poetics

Esta pesquisa de doutoramento em Educação na Universidade de São Paulo (USP)/ Brasil teve financiamento CAPES, 2011/2012/2013 e FAPESP 2013/2014/2015. Trata-se de uma investigação acerca do trabalho sobre si (GURDJIEFF, 1990, 1993, 2002, 2003; OUSPENSKY, 1995, 2009; Shah apud VARELLA, 2009; STANISLAVSKI, 1977; TOPORKOV, 1991, GROTOWSKI,1997; BROOK, 1997, 2000) na formação inicial de educadores por meio da dramatização de contos filosóficos (CARRIÈRE, 2004, 2008) com o mitema (DURAND, 1988) iniciático (ELIADE, 2004, 2010; GUSDORF, 2003). A pesquisadora teve a oportunidade de pôr em prática suas propostas por meio da condução de estágios no núcleo de dramatização de contos do Lab_Arte - laboratório experimental de arte-educação e cultura- FE- USP. Os principais eixos metodológicos da pesquisa foram:1) a parte empírica da pesquisa: dramatização de contos filosóficos com mitema iniciático junto aos educadores em formação inicial; 2) o diálogo entre a parte empírica e seus registros com o referencial teórico hermenêutico-fenomenológico (RICOEUR, 1988, 2006, 2013) da mitohermenêutica (ORTIZ-OSÉS, 2003; FERREIRA-SANTOS, 2005; FERREIRA-SANTOS & ALMEIDA, 2012). A tese se apresenta, respectivamente, com dois níveis narrativos: um primeiro nível com as experiências e um segundo nível com as leituras decorrentes do trabalho de investigação, ambos entrecruzados pelos contos filosóficos de forma metalinguística. Acompanha ainda um vídeo-poesia encartado em DVD com registro audiovisual da experiência. / This doctoral research in Education at the University of São Paulo (USP) / Brazil had CAPES funding, 2011/2012/2013 and FAPESP 2013/2014/2015. This is a research about the work on yoursef (GURDJIEFF, 1990, 1993, 2002, 2003; OUSPENSKY 1995, 2009; Shah apud VARELLA, 2009; STANISLAVSKI, 1977; TOPORKOV, 1991, GROTOWSKI, 1997; BROOK, 1997 2000) in the initial training of educators by means of the dramatization of philosophical tales (CARRIÈRE, 2004, 2008) with the initiatic (ELIADE, 2004, 2010; GUSDORF, 2003) mytheme (DURAND, 1988). The researcher had the opportunity to put in place its proposals by the means the leading of the internships at the core of dramatization of tales at the Lab_Arte- experimental laboratory of art education and culture- FE- USP. The main methodological axes of the research were: 1) the empirical part of the research: dramatization of philosophical tales with initiatic mytheme together educators in initial training; 2) the dialogue between the empirical part and their records with the theoretical framework of the hermeneutic-phenomenological (RICOEUR, 1988, 2006, 2013) of mythe-hermeneutic (ORTIZ-OSÉS, 2003; FERREIRA-SANTOS, 2005; FERREIRA-SANTOS & ALMEIDA, 2012). The thesis is presented, respectively, with two narrative levels: the first level with the experiences and a second level with readings arising from the research work, both of crisscrossed by philosophical tales of metalinguistic form. Still attached a video-poetry in DVD with audiovisual record of experience.

Para se descobrir uma poética do Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende é necessário que se analise a Compilação não somente pelo seu conteúdo, mas principalmente pela sua forma, constituída de ritmo, de rima e de métrica, e, sobretudo, de estruturas estróficas e de recursos retóricos. Esta Tese propõe definir uma ars poetica implícita na Compilação levada a cabo por Garcia de Resende, que, de 1449 a 1516, reuniu poemas, registrando neles uma época denominada Pré-Renascimento. Através de seis grupos de formas a balada, o vilancete, a esparsa, a trova, a cantiga e os poemas de formas mistas, uma inovação do Compêndio e através do estudo dos artifícios retóricos empregados pelos poetas palacianos, é possível vislumbrar uma poética que não foi proposta por Resende em seu Prólogo, diferentemente do que ocorreu com os cancioneiros castelhanos da mesma época. No entanto, através dos paradigmas encontrados no que se pode denominar amor pela forma daqueles poetas, e através dos gêneros cultivados por eles, percebe-se, também, uma poética no Cancioneiro resendiano. / In order to find out a poetics of Garcia de Resendes Cancioneiro Geral it is necessary to analyze the songbook not only through its content, but mainly through its form, constituted of rhythm, rhyme, metric and, above all, its stanza structure and rhetoric recourses. The purpose of this thesis is to define an implicit ars poetica of the compilation organized by Garcia de Resende, who collected poems from 1449 to 1516, registering in it an age called pre-Renaissance. Through six groups of forms ballads, vilancetes, esparsas, trovas, cantigas and poems of mixed forms, an innovation of the compendium and through the study of rhetoric artifices employed by the court poets, it is possible to catch a glimpse of a non proposed poetics by Resende in his Prologue, unlike what occurred with the Castilian cancioneros of the same epoch. However, through the paradigms found in what could be called love of the form by those poets, and through the genders they cultivated, it is possible to realize a poetics that characterizes Resendes songbook.

A literatura para a infância trabalha com a imaginação, mas nem sempre com a fantasia, entendida como operar criativo sobre esta. Partindo de tal pressuposição, a tese desenvolve um estudo sobre a literatura contemporânea representada pelos livros ilustrados e procura fundamentar parâmetros para uma leitura da fantasia na produção desses livros, a partir da teoria literária e do design. Para isso investiga também a noção de gramática sugerida pelo escritor italiano Gianni Rodari. Para estabelecer os contornos do conceito de fantasia -- encontrado inicialmente em Bruno Munari (\"Fantasia\", 1977) e Gianni Rodari (\"Gramática da Fantasia\", 1973) -- indaga quais definições em torno da noção emergem da filosofia, da expressão artística, da teoria literária e da tradição narrativa. Com base nos princípios e propostas dos dois autores-inventores, Munari e Rodari, que originaram o interesse pelo tema, o estudo esforçase em configurar um quadro de referências teóricas e analíticas que possibilite definir o objeto em relação à literatura e ao design. Procura, na história do conhecimento e da arte, os marcos que ajudam a identificar os aspectos de estética e linguagem que interessam aos propósitos de criatividade da fantasia e investiga, na teoria literária, os componentes dessa criatividade na construção narrativa. Em seguida, assumindo a noção de projeto, própria do design, como ponto de ligação entre definições de poética identificadas na literatura e o planejamento gráfico, propõe a noção de poética visual como estratégia narrativa dos livros ilustrados e procura estabelecer relações entre projeto e gramática a partir da teoria do design e de estudos sobre a linguagem dos livros ilustrados. Em termos metodológicos, partindo de indagações surgidas anteriormente à sua proposta, da experiência de projeto com livros ilustrados e de uma primeira sistematização de dados, este estudo qualitativo, modalidade de inquérito filosófico e caráter observacional, baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo e dados colhidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas que serviram para ajudar a compreender o estado da arte da literatura contemporânea para a infância. Partindo do pressuposto de que a chave de leitura representada pela fantasia permite observar questões relativas a criação e linguagem, inerentes à expressão (visual) narrativa do gênero, o estudo propõe quatro categorias de análise -- experimentação, transgressão, humor/medo e absurdo -- para uma leitura da fantasia em corpo de obras selecionado da produção contemporânea ocidental, verificando a correspondência com as hipóteses de trabalho do estudo acerca da noção de fantasia e de gramática. Finalmente, os aspectos identificados com base no desenvolvimento analítico indicam como, a partir de determinadas definições, a fantasia pode contribuir: 1) para uma leitura da originalidade narrativa dos livros ilustrados e 2) para servir de instrumento de investigação da criatividade; com isso, confirmando o vigor da proposta munari-rodariana. / Literature for children does work with imagination but less frequently with fantasy, the latter being regarded as a creative intervention on the former. Starting from this premise, the thesis develops a study on contemporary literature as represented by picturebooks and aims at establishing a few parameters for a depiction of fantasy in the production of these books, based on literary theory and design. To this aim, the notion of grammar originally put forward by the Italian writer Gianni Rodari is analysed. In order to establishing the boundaries of the fantasy concept - originally to be found in Bruno Munari (\"Fantasia\", 1977) and in Gianni Rodari (\"Grammatica della Fantasia\", 1973) - the definitions of the concept are examined which emerge from philosophy, artistic expression, literary theory as well as from the narrative tradition. Based on the principles and proposals developed by the two just mentioned authors-inventors, Munari and Rodari, which provoked the original interest in the field, the study tries to build a framework of theoretical and analytical references that might render it possible to define the subject-matter of fantasy in relation to both literature and design. The elements are then searched, through the history of knowledge and the history of art, that may help to single out which aspects of esthetics and language are susceptible of involving the creative objectives of fantasy, and the components of this creative activity in narrative constructions are examined within literary theory. Following this, the design notion of \'project\' is taken as the connecting link between the different definitions of poetics singled out in graphic planning and in the literature, with a view to putting forward a notion of visual poetics as a narrative strategy for picturebooks and relationships are established between project and grammar -- relationships based on design theory as well as on existing studies around a language of picturebooks. From the methodological point of view, the study -- its philosophical approach and observatory character -- originated from previous inquiries; it was then developed through a bibliographical survey, field research and data collected from semi-structured interviews that helped to figure out the state of the art in contemporary literature for infancy. Starting from the premise that, within this type of narrative-visual expression, the interpretative key represented by fantasy allows one to tackle questions concerning both creation and language, the study goes on suggesting four analytical categories - experimentation, transgression, humour/fear, absurdity - for approaching and understanding fantasy in contemporary selected works of Western authors. Finally, the argument is put forward, on the basis of the elements outlined throughout the proposed analysis, that fantasy may contribute 1) to a deciphering of the narrative originality of picturebooks and 2) to providing an instrument for analyzing creativity, thus confirming the robustness of the Munari-Rodarian approach.

Ce travail de recherche vise à mettre en lumière la poétique de la réception de l’œuvre de Gombrowicz en France. Il apparait que tout comme la notion du tapis chez James, évoqué par Casanova, il n’y a pas qu’un motif qui ressort d’une œuvre mais un ensemble cohérent, mettant en lumière l’existence souterraine d’une poétique de la réception. L’approche est pluridisciplinaire. La première partie portant sur la traduction, composante majeure de la réception d’une œuvre étrangère s’est avérée très féconde. Nous avons tenté d’y entrevoir le rythme comme l’organisation de l’historicité du texte. La deuxième partie éclaire la notion de la poïétique : les conditions dans lesquelles l’œuvre a été fabriquée. D’abord la Pologne, l’enfance, ces éléments qui grandiront jusqu’au statut des thèmes majeurs accompagnant l’auteur pendant toute sa création sous forme de biographèmes, ou de figures. Dans la troisième partie nous avons tenté d’analyser soigneusement des contenus bibliographiques reconstitués à partir de métadiscours hétérogènes (documents audiovisuels, entretiens, biographies, films) lesquels confrontés au métadiscours auctorial ont fait émerger des points de jonction entre les trajectoires personnelles de l’auteur et de son œuvre et l’impact qu’il a eu sur ses récepteurs en France. Enfin, en dernière partie, nous avons mis en exergue l’impact de la production littéraire de Gombrowicz sur les intellectuels en France. Tous ces éléments s’imbriquent et forment un tableau aussi cohérent que bariolé, avec son propre rythme bien spécifique rendant compte de ce rapport entre production, consommation et communication à l’intérieur de la praxis historique globale dont parlait Jauss. / This research work aims to highlight the poetics of the reception of Gombrowicz's work in France. It appears that just as the notion of the carpet in James, evoked by Casanova, there is not only one figure that emerges from a work but a coherent whole, highlighting the underground existence of a poetics of the reception. The approach is multidisciplinary. The first part dealing with translation, a major component of the reception of a foreign work, proved to be very fruitful. We have tried to glimpse the rhythm as the organization of the historicity of the text. What does the original text do and what does its version, or rather versions, do? The second part illuminates the notion of poietic: the conditions in which the work was made. First, Poland, childhood, these elements that will grow up to the status of major themes accompanying the author throughout its creation in the form of biographs, or figures. In the third part, we have tried to carefully analyze bibliographic contents reconstructed from heterogeneous metadiscours (audiovisual documents containing interviews, biographies, films) which confronted with the author's metadiscourse have brought out junctions between the author's personal trajectories and his work and the impact he had on his receivers in France. Finally, in the last part, we highlighted the impact of Gombrowicz's literary production on intellectuals in France. All these elements intertwine and form a picture as coherent as it is colorful, with its own specific rhythm accounting for the relationship between production, consumption and communication within the global historical praxis of which Jauss spoke.

Charles-Albert Cingria (1883-1954), écrivain de Suisse romande, a été longtemps chroniqueur à La NRF et a mené son activité littéraire aussi bien en Suisse qu'à Paris. Pourtant, il est très peu étudié en France. La question des langues est, chez ce voyageur polyglotte, au centre d'une constellation de considérations poétiques, esthétiques et rhétoriques qui donnent toute sa spécificité à cette oeuvre inclassable. Dans le contexte politique de la première moitié du XXe siècle, éclairé ici par la perspective de l'histoire des idées, ses conceptions sur les langues le placent dans la lignée des Anti-Lumières. Son oeuvre labyrinthique a par ailleurs été peu abordée dans sa globalité même, car elle résiste à toute les catégories d'ordinaire en usage, aussi bien sur le plan générique, thématique ou formel que sur le plan idéologique, tout en donnant au lecteur l'impression d'une oeuvre riche d'échos. Nous prenons ici le risque de la cohérence en choisissant pour fil rouge l'ensemble des représentations sur la langue et les langues dans un discours libéré de ses prétentions scientifiques. Ce parcours se fait d'abord à l'échelle d'un pamphlet précoce contre l'espéranto, puis au niveau de l'oeuvre entière, montrant qu'il relève chez Cingria d'une conception esthétique du monde perçu comme cosmos. L'imaginaire des langues repose enfin sur les mêmes principes que sa stratégie argumentative : au nom du naturel, la monstration prime sur la démonstration et l'évidence sur l'administration des preuves, aboutissant ainsi à des textes dont l'obscurité résulte paradoxalement d'une volonté de les rendre plus tangibles et incarnés. / Charles-Albert Cingria (1883-1954), a Swiss francophone writer, was a long-time columnist for La NRF. He wrote and lived in Paris as well as in his native Switzerland, but has been little studied in France. As a traveller and polyglot, he makes the observation of languages central to a constellation of poetic, aesthetic, and rhetorical considerations in his distinctive, unclassifiable work. In the political context of the beginning of the 20th century, studied here from the history of ideas’ perspective, his ideas about languages set him in the Anti-Enlightenment tradition. His labyrinthine work has never before been studied as a whole, perhaps because it refuses ordinary categorizations. On the level of genre, theme, and form, as well as on an ideological level, Cingria’s work thwarts conventional understanding, while letting the reader feel the echoes and resonances that fill the text. The author chooses to consider this work as coherent, and opts to view Cingria’s work through the lens of a main theme: its representations of language and languages within a discourse freed from scientific pretensions. This journey through Cingria’s thought begins with examining his early diatribe against Esperanto, then moves to a broader discussion of his work, showing that his representation of languages concerns above all an aesthetic conception of the world perceived as cosmos. The imaginary of languages ultimately rests on the same principles as his argumentative strategy: in the name of nature and the natural, obviousness takes precedence over demonstrating. These principles give rise to texts whose obscurity results, paradoxically, from the desire to make them more embodied and more concrete.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:58:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Sonilce Nunes Caetano Rabelo.pdf: 564824 bytes, checksum: fb7766913f527db576b6df83ca0cff5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-16 / It s this research objective to analyze Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen s Five poetic arts, taking them as a guideline to reveal the poetic journeys developed by the author, which we believe to set a poetics, aesthetics and ethical project noted on the production of her work. In order to establish our reflections, we start from the premise that, in Sophian s work, the sea is a key element on her poetic production, since it covers not only the memorial aspects from Portuguese navigations and Greek Myths, but also it relates to the author s self remembrances from the childhood, which is notably engraved on her poetry-making in a permanent way. Poetry and poetic reflections support this work, such as the ones set by Tinianov and Octavio Paz, matters related to time learnt from Henri Bergson s readings, as well as propositions about memory and time-memory set by Ecléa Bosi. The research results emphasize the relevance of the sea as a theme in Sophia s poetry, especially as a tool to trigger the memory and reframes it in no-time , from listening to the many voices it echoes / O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as cinco artes poéticas de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen para, a partir delas, desvelar o percurso poético desenvolvido pela autora o qual acreditamos configurar uma poética, um projeto estético e ético observado na fatura da obra. Para conduzir nossas reflexões partimos da premissa de que, na obra sophiana, o mar configura-se como elemento fundamental de sua poética, pois abarca não só o aspecto memorial das navegações portuguesas e mitos gregos, como também está relacionado às reminiscências da infância da autora que lhe vincaram o fazer poético de maneira definitiva. Fundamentam este trabalho reflexões sobre poesia e poética, tais como formuladas por Tinianov e Octavio Paz, questões relativas ao tempo colhidas na leitura de Henri Bergson, além de proposições a respeito da memória, e tempo-memória tais como apresentadas por Ecléa Bosi. Os resultados da pesquisa ressaltam a relevância do tema do mar, na lírica de Sophia, sobretudo como dispositivos para acionar a lembrança e ressignificá-la no sem-tempo, a partir da escuta das várias vozes que nele ecoam