Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gilberto Maringoni de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, 2017. / O Brasil assistiu a várias intervenções militares na esfera da política desde a Proclamação da República. Elas perduraram ao longo do século XX. Essas ações políticas tiveram múltiplos sentidos, ocupando posições que vão da estrema direita à estrema esquerda, com sérias consequências na vida nacional. A presente pesquisa analisará uma dessas ações: a militância comunista que se deu na Casa do Sargento do Brasil e na Casa do Sargento de São Paulo, entre os anos de 1947 a 1952, no auge da Guerra Fria e de forte campanha anticomunista por parte de setores conservadores. Essas duas associações de classe militares localizavam-se, respectivamente, nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. O trabalho de militância foi encabeçado pelo Setor Militar do PCB (Antimil), um setor deste partido - então na clandestinidade - que atuou entre os anos de 1929 e 1992 no meio militar. No processo reivindicativo, foram trabalhadas demandas históricas dos sargentos por melhores condições de trabalho e cidadania, que lhes foram historicamente negados, assim como questões que foram discutidas na sociedade brasileira após o fim do Estado Novo e nos primeiros anos da década de 1950, como a questão do monopólio estatal da exploração do petróleo nacional e do envio de tropas militares brasileira para Guerra da Coréia (1950-53). Todo esse processo reivindicativo foi severamente reprimido, a partir de 1952, por autoridades civis e militares com os mais variados tipos de abusos e torturas. / Brazil has witnessed several military interventions in the range of politics since the Republic proclaim. They lasted through the twentieth century. These political actions had multiple meanings, driving positions from the extreme right to the left, with serious consequences in the national life. The present research will analyze one of these actions: the communist militancy that took place in the House of the Brazilian Sergeant and in the House of the Sergeant of São Paulo, between the years of 1947 to 1952, at the height of the Cold War and of a strong anticommunist campaign. Both military associations were located, respectively, in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The militancy work was led by the Military Sector of PCB (Antimil), a sector of this party - at the time in illegal situation- that operated among the years of 1929 and 1992. On trat period, the sergeants' historical demands were driven for better working conditions and citizenship, often denied to them, as well as questions that were discussed in Brazilian society after the end of Estado Novo and in the early 1950s, such as State oil monopoly and the sending of Brazilian military troops to the Korean War (1950-53). This whole process of protest was hardly repressed, as of 1952, by civilian and military authorities with the most varied types of abuses and tortures.

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-05T18:32:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 6841.pdf: 1929160 bytes, checksum: dae9e138d34d7dcd12fda6077345df9a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-05T18:35:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 6841.pdf: 1929160 bytes, checksum: dae9e138d34d7dcd12fda6077345df9a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-05T18:35:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 6841.pdf: 1929160 bytes, checksum: dae9e138d34d7dcd12fda6077345df9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T18:36:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6841.pdf: 1929160 bytes, checksum: dae9e138d34d7dcd12fda6077345df9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-21 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta dissertação pensa a temporalidade entre os militares por meio de uma perspectiva etnográfica. Os trabalhos pioneiros de antropólogos com militares no Brasil buscaram na perspectiva etnográfica o entendimento dos militares e escaparam da perspectiva dominante desse tema até então, que era a relação das instituições militares com a política. Esse olhar “de dentro” mostrou outras perspectivas da sociabilidade militar, como uma visão própria dos militares enquanto grupo distinto do resto dos cidadãos, portadores de um conjunto características inerentes e exclusivas, bem como uma cosmologia em que a hierarquia opera como classificador lógico de todas as relações. Esses trabalhos levantaram sugestões que procuro explorar aqui, sobretudo com relação à temporalidade militar e sua interseção com debate antropológico dos rituais. Dentro da produção teórica da antropologia, a temática do ritual constitui-se como um campo polifônico, produzindo uma série de debates e concepções distintas entre si mas sempre associadas com as oposições também clássicas e fundantes do pensamento antropológico (indivíduo/sociedade, empirismo/racionalismo). No cotejamento desses dois campos, inicialmente se observou uma série de dados que levavam a pensar que a temporalidade militar era vivida e pensada num esquema de entendimento em que o tempo e as ações não poderiam simplesmente ser classificados pela dicotomia que opõe os momentos rituais e uma rotina que seria menos prescrita. A observação de noticiários militares, dos manuais, regulamentos e boletins indicavam que todos os momentos da vida militar eram marcados por uma série de prescrições, como códigos de conduta a respeito da aparência física, posturas corporais, uniformes, comportamento interno e externo ao quartel, assim como para as mais variadas situações pelas quais um militar possa passar. Os militares também têm uma série complexa de comemorações e eventos regulamentares em que as indicações da etiqueta, do protocolo e do cerimonial dão a forma de como as coisas devem ocorrer. A ideia de que esses dois campos, o do regulamento da vida comum e o da padronização dos eventos, não podiam ser tratados como campos opostos guiou a busca de dados da sociabilidade entre militares que tornasse palpável a observação dessa temporalidade específica, pouco dicotômica, que até então era um apontamento. Os resultados desse trabalho estão aqui apresentados. No capitulo inicial apresento os antecedentes que levaram ao problema dessa pesquisa, apresentando as etnografias com militares e o debate antropológico dos rituais, e ainda no final desse capítulo, inicio a descrição de minha (difícil) inserção no campo. No segundo capítulo apresento uma análise das comemorações e eventos militares e no terceiro o conjunto de prescrições que ordenam a formação e a conduta diária da vida do militar nos diversos aspectos. Finalmente, retomo a discussão a respeito dos rituais à luz da temporalidade militar e de sua solução de continuidade ou suavização para a clássica oposição entre ritual e cotidiano. / This dissertation thinks the temporality between the military through an ethnographic perspective. The pioneering works of anthropologists with armed forces in Brazil sought the understanding of the military through ethnographic perspective and escaped the dominant perspective of this issue so far: the relationship between military and politics. That look "inside" showed other perspectives of military sociability as its own vision of the military as a distinct group from the rest of citizens, a group with a set of inherent and exclusive features as well as a cosmology in which the hierarchy operates as logical classifier of all relations. These works raised suggestions I try to explore here, especially regarding the military temporality and its intersection with anthropological discussion of rituals. Within the theoretical anthropology production, ritual studies are constituted as a polyphonic field, producing a series of debates and different conceptions among themselves but always associated with the classic oppositions that founded the anthropological thought (individual / society, empiricism / rationalism ). By relating these two fields, I initially observed a series of data that led to think that the military temporality is lived and thought in understanding scheme in which time and actions could not simply be classified by the dichotomy that opposes the ritual moments and a routine (as a time less prescribed). The observation of military news, manuals, regulations, and reports indicated that all times of military life were marked by a series of regulations, codes of conduct regarding the physical appearance, body postures, uniform, internal behavior and external to the barracks, as well as for a variety of situations in which a military can pass. The military also have a complex series of celebrations and regulatory events in which directions on etiquette, protocol and ceremonial give way to how things should occur. The idea that these two fields, the regulation of the common life and the standardization of events, could not be treated as opposing ideas that guided the search for sociability data between military that become palpable the observation of that specific temporality, not dichotomous, which until then was a suggestive note. These results are presented here. In the opening chapter we present the background that led to the problem of this research, presenting ethnographies with military and anthropological discussion of rituals, and even at the end of this chapter, beginning the description of my insertion in the field. In the second chapter we present an analysis of military celebrations and events and in the third, the set of prescriptions ordering the training and the daily conduct of life of the military in many ways. Finally, I retake to discussion of the rites in the light of military temporality and its continuity solution, that smooth the classic opposition between ritual and daily life.

Orientador: Eliezer Rizzo de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T00:04:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fuccille_LuisAlexandre_D.pdf: 2009624 bytes, checksum: 7fb797e0c477c429ecbfece4c0c377b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O propósito do presente trabalho é avaliar em que medida a reforma militar empreendida pelo governo Femando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002), "imposta" por mudanças tanto endógenas quanto exógenas, pode ser vista como parte de um esforço majs amplo de redesenho do aparelho de Estado e de busca de uma subordinação militar ainda pendente no processo de transição pós-autoritarismo. A inovação introduzida pela instituição do Ministério da Defesa não é desprezível, podendo representar profundas alterações tanto de ordem política como diplomáticas, administrativas, estratégicas e operacionais, que necessitam seriamente ser avaliadas. Buscar compreender como a democracia entra como uma variável interveniente no desenho da defesa nacional no quadro pós-1985 via análise da criação do Ministério da Defesa é a tarefa que pretendemos levar a cabo nesta Tese, sem perder de vista que o controle civil pleno dos militares é condição necessária, ainda que insuficiente, àconsolidação eaprofundamento do regime democrático brasileiro / Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze in what measure the military reform released by the Fernando Henrique Cardoso's government (1995-2002), "imposed" by endogenous and exogenous changes, may be understood as part of a bigger effort on redraw up the State structure and seek a military subordination still missed in the transition process post authoritarian era in Brazil. The innovation introduced by the creation of the Defense Ministry is not despicable, indeed it represents deep changes in ali spheres: political, diplomatic, management, strategic and operational, ali of them needed to be evaluated. In this study we intend also to analyze the creation of the Defense Ministry by trying to comprehend how democracy appears as an intervening actor in the National Defense's structure post-1985. We do this being sure not to forget that, in spite of not being itself sufficient, the complete civilian's military control is essential to the consolidation and deepen of the Brazilian emocratic regime / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência Política

O tema desta pesquisa é a política industrial de defesa brasileira. Seu objeto é a dinâmica dos mais importantes processos e atores na concepção e articulação dos principais projetos militares brasileiros, no contexto do entrelaçamento entre as políticas públicas de defesa, industrial, externa e de CT&I. Mais especificamente, o objetivo desta investigação interdisciplinar é explorar em que medida essa dinâmica entre processos e atores, incluindo seus mecanismos de coordenação e canais de interação, molda o perfil do conjunto dos principais projetos militares brasileiros. A hipótese a ser verificada é a de que, apesar dos avanços institucionais constatados desde a criação do Ministério da Defesa, ainda seria possível apontar desafios no que se refere à estruturação de seus mecanismos de coordenação, conduzindo a situações de ambiguidade em termos de direção política e de autonomia militar. Para tanto, o período analisado abrange desde o ano da criação do Ministério da Defesa (1999), até o término de coleta de material para este projeto (2014), coincidindo com o período de eleições presidenciais. Com base nos resultados alcançados, torna-se possível explorar as oscilações orçamentárias não apenas como causa, mas, sobretudo, como efeito dos problemas enfrentados na gestão desse portfólio de empreendimentos complexos, no quadro mais amplo do processo de amadurecimento do Ministério da Defesa. / The theme of this research is the Brazilian defense industrial policy. The subject is the dynamic of the most important processes and players in the design and coordination of the main Brazilian military projects in the context of entanglement between Defense, Foreign Affairs and Science, Technology & Innovation public policies. More specifically, the objective of this interdisciplinary research is to explore to what extent this dynamic between processes and players, as well as their mechanisms of coordination and interaction channels, shape the profile of the main Brazilian military projects. The hypothesis to be verified is that despite the institutional progress made since the creation of the Ministry of Defense, it is still possible to identify challenges in terms of the structuring of its coordination mechanisms, leading to ambiguous situations in terms of political direction and military autonomy. Thus, the period considered covers the years since the creation of the Ministry of Defense (1999) until the end of data collection for this project (2014), coinciding with the presidential election period in Brazil. Based on the results achieved, it becomes possible to explore the budgetary fluctuations not only a cause, but above all, the effect of the problems faced in managing this portfolio of complex projects, within the broader framework of the maturing process of the Brazilian Ministry of Defense.

In 1955, barely ten years after the end of the most devastating war in Modern German history, a new German military was established in the Federal Republic, the Bundeswehr. In order properly fill the ranks of this new military the government, under the leadership of Konrad Adenauer, believed that it would have to draft men from the West German population into military service. For the government in Bonn conscription was a double-edged sword, it would not only ensure that the Bundeswehr would receive the required number of recruits but it was also believed that conscription would guarantee that the Bundeswehr would be more democratic and therefore in tune with the policies of the new West German state. What this study seeks to explore is what the West German population thought of conscription. It will investigate who was for or against the draft and seek to determine the various socioeconomic factors that contributed to these decisions. Furthermore this study will examine the effect that the public opinion had on federal policy.

No description available.

Au cours de leur activité professionnelle, les militaires français peuvent être exposés à des risques biologiques ou chimiques. Pour protéger leur santé, le Service de Veille Sanitaire du Centre d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées a développé un système d'information. Conçu pour être utilisé en situation normale ou de crise, le système fournit rapidement aux décideurs, experts, vétérinaires, pharmaciens et médecins militaires une information utile pour la prise de décision. L’objectif de notre étude est d’en proposer une évaluation globale, notamment afin de déterminer s’il correspond aux besoins et aux pratiques des usagers.Ces dernières années, une véritable révolution technologique s’est opérée, donnant ainsi naissance à de nombreux dispositifs informationnels destinés à aider les usagers. Des études scientifiques visant à analyser la façon dont ces derniers les utilisent ont alors été menées.En nous appuyant sur les fondements théoriques actuels en sciences de l’information et de la communication et sur une méthodologie de recherche mixte associant des méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives, nous avons analysé le dispositif existant et étudié dans quelle mesure il s’intègre aux pratiques info-communicationnelles des personnels rattachés au Service de Santé des Armées.Cette étude permet d’apporter des connaissances nouvelles sur les pratiques des militaires français, jusqu’alors méconnues, et de proposer une grille d’évaluation adaptable à différents systèmes d’information documentaires. / The french armed forces can be exposed to biological and chemical risks within their work. The Medical Intelligence unit of the French armed forces Center of Epidemiology and Public Health has developed an information system in order to protect their health. Created to be used in usual or crisis situation, the system provides quickly decision-makers, experts, veterinary, pharmacist and army medical officer with useful information for decision making. The aim of our study is to offer an overall assessment, in particular to determine if it corresponds to the needs and practices for the users.These last years, a real technological revolution has occured, giving birth to numerous informational devices intended to help the users. Scientific studies to analyze the way the latter use them were then carried out.Resting on current theoretical foundations in information and communication sciences and on a methodology of mixed research associating quantitative and qualitative methods, we have analyzed the existing device and studied to what extent it becomes integrated into the information and communication practices of the staffs connected in the Military Health Service.This study allows to bring new knowledge on the french military practices, still largely unknown, and to propose an adaptable assessment grid to various documentary information systems.

Redan idag är närmare var tredje medarbetare i Försvarsmakten civilanställd och den andelen förväntas öka. Trots det har få studier gjorts kring vad som driver dessa människor. Den modell vi tagit fram visar att civilanställda i Försvarsmakten känner en stark samhörighet och ser sig som en del av den gemensamma identiteten. De påverkas dock av en upplevd otydlighet och byråkratisering, precis som sina militära kollegor. Dock med en stor skillnad – att byta arbetsgivare ligger närmare till hands än för en Officer. Vår studie utgår från workshops med civilanställda vid två krigsförband. Urvalet av deltagare har gett oss en inblick i såväl administrativa roller som roller burna av specialister inom kärnverksamheten. Vi har valt att analysera vår empiri utifrån perspektiv som Försvarsmakten kan påverka. Den här studien handlar inte om motivationsteori utan vad arbetsgivaren kan och bör göra för att säkra både rekrytering och bibehållande av individer som är avgörande för organisationens framtid. Det enskilt viktigaste Försvarsmakten kan göra för att behålla kompetensen hos dessa medarbetare är att ge dem trovärdiga karriärvägar, likt de Officerskåren har.

Militära organisationer påverkas ständigt av samhällets förändring och dess trender. En allt snabbare social och teknisk utveckling kan vara utmanande för en hierarkisk och byråkratisk institution vilket är grundläggande karaktärsdrag för militära organisationer. Den svenska Försvarsmakten har efter decennier av nedskärningar nu gått in i en omfattande tillväxtfas vilket också innebär stora förändringar för organisationens personal. Denna fallstudie har syftat till att uppnå en djupare förståelse för hur sjöofficerare, som första linjens chefer utövar sitt ledarskap för att hantera underställd personal och organisationens krav kopplat till Försvarsmaktens nuvarande tillväxtfas och normativa förändringar i samhället. Studien, som undersökt hur nästa generations officerare hanterar förändringar, söker tillföra ytterligare kunskap till de senaste årens forskning, om ledarskap och organisatoriska karaktärsdrag, som hittills riktat sig mot officerare på strategisk och operativ nivå. Under april 2021 genomfördes semi-strukturerade intervjuer med totalt 9 sjöofficerare som utbildat sig genom det nya utbildningssystemet och som efter 7–12 års yrkeserfarenhet tjänstgör som chefer inom ett sjöstridsförband. Det insamlande underlaget har genomgått en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som presenterats i två olika teman. Studien resultat visar att det är en utmaning på flera nivåer att få en anorektisk organisation att övergå i tillväxt. Första linjens chefer inom sjöstridsförband påverkas och upplever flera obalanser som kan ses som ett resultat av både social och teknisk acceleration i samhället. Detta hanteras genom fokus på ställda uppgifter och ett engagerat samt modernt ledarskap fokuserat på att skapa en samhörighet. Ledarskapet ses som det främsta verktyget för att bibehålla och rekrytera personal. Det råder en obalans mellan organisationens planering och individens synsätt på karriärsutveckling. Detta kan påverka både organisationens och individens möjlighet till utveckling. Tjänstgörande i Försvarsmakten ställer högre krav på arbetsgivaren än vad tidigare generationer har gjort avseende stimulerande arbetsuppgifter, transparens i beslut och att bli sedd av organisationen vid karriärplanering. Här upplever första linjens chefer begränsade möjligheter att påverka från sin nivå. Skiljelinjen mellan arbete och fritid är viktigare idag än tidigare, samtidigt är personalen beredd att göra uppoffringar. Lojalitet och engagemang finns men är inte villkorslös. Första linjens chefer försöker skapa balans för underställd personal genom ett ge och ta förhållande. / Military organizations are constantly affected by changes in society and social trends. Increasing social and technological development can be challenging for a hierarchical and bureaucratic institution, which are fundamental characteristics of military organizations. After decades of cuts, the Swedish Armed Forces has now entered an extensive rearmament phase, which also means major changes for all personnel within the organization. This case study has aimed to achieve a deeper understanding of how naval officers, as managers on tactical level, exercise their leadership to manage subordinate personnel and the organization's requirements linked to the Armed Forces' current rearmament phase and normative changes in society. The study, which examined how next-generation officers handle change, seeks to add additional knowledge to recent years' research on leadership and organizational characteristics, which has so far focused on officers at the strategic and operational levels. During April 2021, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 9 naval officers, who has all been educated through the new officer education system at the Swedish Defence University. After 7–12 years of professional experience, they serve as commanders within a naval warfare flotilla. A qualitative content analysis has resulted in the collected data being presented in two different themes. The study results show that there is a challenge on several levels to get an anorexic organization to grow. Managers on tactical level are affected and experience several imbalances that can be seen because of both social and technical acceleration in society. This is handled through a focus on given tasks. Managers show a committed and modern leadership focused on creating solidarity and coherence. Leadership is seen as the main tool for retaining and recruiting staff. There is an imbalance between organizational planning and the individual view of career development. This challenge both the organization and the individual possibility to develop experience. Personnel taking service in the Armed Forces places higher demands on the organization than previous generations have done regarding stimulating activities, transparency in decisions and being seen by the organization in career planning. Here, managers experience limited opportunities to influence from their level. Work life balance is more important today than before, at the same time the staff is prepared to make sacrifices. Loyalty and commitment exist but are not unconditional. Managers on tactical level aim to create balance for subordinate staff through a give and take relationship.

No description available.