There has been a considerable amount of research done on questions of authorship over the past century or so, and the interest in the subject is still going strong today. This essay takes as its point of departure two seminal poststructuralist essays on authorship—Roland Barthes’s “The Death of the Author,” and Michel Foucault’s “What is an Author?”—as these texts have had a significant impact on the discourse. It examines how scholars like Seán Burke and Jane Gallop have explained this anti-authorial tendency and extended the connection between authors and death, and how their findings relate to a performative conception of authorship. The study will take as its central critical approach the study of authorship as cultural performance as formulated by Ingo Berensmeyer, Gert Buelens, and Marysa Demoor, and Sonja Longolius. It will utilize this approach to analyze four contemporary American novels—James Frey’s A Million Little Pieces (2003), Paul Auster’s Travels in the Scriptorium (2006), Ron Currie Jr.’s Flimsy Little Plastic Miracles (2013), and J.J. Abrams and Doug Dorst’s S. (2013)—and the different ways in which these novels problematize notions of authorial self-invention. The focus of the analysis will be on the author-reader relationship, moments of recognition, and developments in writing technology. These issues have been selected for their connection to current conceptions of the creation of author personae, which can in turn be viewed as reflecting performance as it takes place in daily life and therefore give indications as to the cultural climate in which the novels were produced. Ultimately, the aim is to have illustrated how these novels present the reader with textually traced author personae that are highly aware of their own performances. In addition, it is suggested that authors are dependent on their readers to recognize these personae for them to become felicitously legitimized.

This thesis concerns itself with the relationship between media and politics and politicians, particularly in those media messages where visual stimuli predominate.First, the author introduces key terms in the field of media and visual culture. The following part of the present paper focuses on two prominent figures of our political scene. These figures are briefly introduced and an attempt is made to analyse their means of visual self-presentation and the effect of this message on the public, namely their voters. The method chosen to carry out this analysis is semiotic analysis, inspired predominantly by Roland Barthes' book Mythologies. The author uses the concept of interpreting an image, denotation, and connotation, and subsequently situates her findings in a broader social context. Semiotic analysis helps to decipher messages used by media to influence voters' perception of politicians.

Dans la critique littéraire française des années 1950-1960, certains éléments apparaissent comme des évidences. Malgré les différences des méthodes, une idée sous-tendait toutes les lectures : il y aurait, dans les textes, des significations cachées qu’une interprétation devrait révéler. Dans les travaux des trois auteurs étudiés (Charles Mauron, Lucien Goldmann et Roland Barthes), on peut repérer des images qui traversent leurs œuvres et qui sont liées à leurs conceptions de l’objet littéraire. Or, ce qui est intéressant dans leur critique, c’est qu’il est impossible de trouver des éléments qui décrivent les textes qui ne soient imaginaires : en suivant le fil des interprétations de ces auteurs, il n’y a pas de moment où l’image cesse d’agir, comme si le propre du texte se dérobait à chaque fois sous le travestissement d’une autre image.Ces images montrent que la critique littéraire de l’époque étudiée accomplissait deux gestes, proches de deux figures de langage. La tautologie est ce qui ne réussit à établir un rapport de l’objet qu’avec lui-même. Le paradoxe fait le mouvement contraire, puisqu’il repose sur l’idée que les différences doivent être authentiques.Or, ce que l’imaginaire des auteurs donne à voir, c’est une certaine notion de la littérature. Leurs images témoignent de la construction de la littérature comme une pratique discursive marginale : ce qui intéresse les auteurs, c’est de voir ces textes comme un acte de résistance, capable d’utiliser un langage qui défie les usages « normaux » de la langue. Mais, paradoxalement, ils tendent à naturaliser cette position marginale et légitimer la place centrale occupée par les sciences et par la philosophie. / In French literary critique of the years 1950-1960, certain elements were seen as evidences. Despite the differences between the methods the authors used, one idea was always present: for them, the texts concealed hidden meanings that their analyses were meant to reveal. In the works of the three authors we chose to study (Charles Mauron, Lucien Goldmann and Roland Barthes), it is possible to find images that are related to a certain conception of literature. It is interesting to note that in their methods, it is impossible to find definitions of the text that are not touched by an imaginary activity. Reading the authors, we realise that images are everywhere, as if the text itself constantly eluded the analysis.The images show that the literary critique of the time performed two different gestures, that correspond to two figures of speech. Tautology is the figure that establishes that an object can only be defined by itself. Paradox does the exact opposite, stating that only in difference can we find its identity.By analysing the authors’ imaginary, one can reconstruct a certain idea of literature. Their images show literature as a marginal discourse: their interest in literary texts lies in the fact that they can resist the “normal” usage of language. But, paradoxically, this way of looking at them tends to naturalise their marginal position and thus legitimate the privilege accorded to science and philosophy as the standard form of expression.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka de föremål som säljs i museibutikerna i anknytning till två temporära konstutställningar och vilken roll dessa spelar för upplevelsen av utställningarna. De studerade utställningarna är Gilbert & George The Great Exhibition på Moderna Museet i Stockholm och Dansk guldålder på Nationalmuseum i Stockholm. Undersökningen utgår från ett forskningsläge där museibutikens pedagogiska eller på andra sätt inkluderande potential framhålls. Materialet består av utställningarna och deras texter, butikerna och deras displayer och föremålen som presenteras i dem. Utifrån ett besökarperspektiv jämförs föremålen i förhållande till Sharon Macdonalds kategorier mimetiska och förflyttade reproduktioner, insignier och associationer. Butiksdisplayernas samlade uttryck analyseras med hjälp av Roland Barthes semiotiska begrepp syntagm och syntax. Resultaten diskuteras sedan i förhållande till Carol Duncans definitioner av det estetiska respektive det bildande konstmuseet. Undersökningen visar att de studerade museibutikernas displayer anknyter till utställningarna genom att erbjuda en fördjupning genom associationer och temabaserade föremål men även en repetition av verken. Displayerna uttrycker också teman som på olika sätt avviker från eller vinklar utställningarnas verk och texter. Studien visar även hur museibutikerna riktar sig till den publik museet har och presenterar föremålen utifrån den målgruppen genom att relatera till samtida fenomen och trender. Museibutikernas displayer diskuteras som förlängningar av museernas presentation av konsten i utställningarna i förhållande till definitionerna av ett estetiskt och ett bildande konstmuseum.

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Idén om fotografigenren street style fashion photography är att den visar upp den vanliga människan, i vanliga kläder i en vardaglig kontext. Idén bakom fotografiet i sig går i samma linje om att visa upp det äkta, och i liknande stil skapades de sociala medieplattformen Instagram – för att publicera äkta bilder ”on-the-go”. Tidigare forskning visar dock på att fotografi, Instagram och street style fashion photography inte är lika vanligt och äkta som idéerna om dem. Fotografi handlar om att sätta sig själv i relation till världen och på så sätt skapas en typ av makt. Denna uppsats syftar till att blottlägga maktstrukturer i street style fashion photography bilder publicerade av influensers på plattformen Instagram. Metoden som används för att analysera materialet är Roland Barthes semiotiska denotation och konnotationsmodell, de fynd som hittas i analysen diskuteras därefter i relation till Pierre Bourdieus fältteori för att, på en relationell nivå, förstå hur maktstrukturerna placerar ut influenserna på det svenska modefältet online. Analysen visar att bilderna i materialet är högst uppstyrda och planerade, det konnoterar olika idéer om kommersiellt mode och kulturproducerat ”högmode”, lyxiga miljöer och ”vanliga” gator, allt detta i förhållande till Instagram estetik och vad som är vinnande visualiteter. De tre influenserna, vars bilder analyseras i studien, placeras i olika positioner på modefältet online men delar samtidigt på positionen som nykomlingar eftersom de kapital de visar upp skiljer sig mellan dem, samtidigt som strategierna för att ta sig an fältet är likande.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-06-20T12:21:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Iury Carlos Bueno.pdf: 1651121 bytes, checksum: 664b6ab8d7f434050b9d7ee5f566ad59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T12:21:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iury Carlos Bueno.pdf: 1651121 bytes, checksum: 664b6ab8d7f434050b9d7ee5f566ad59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-09 / The present research is dedicated to a reflection on the possible relations between photography and haikai in the work of Roland Barthes, including those works of the author that can illustrate them: The Empire of Signs (1970), The Neutral (1977-1978), The Preparation of Romance (1978-1979) and Camera Lucida (1980). More specifically, we will focus on the concept of "punctum" in the light of the insistent notes on the instantaneousness of haiku that are disseminated in the barthesian text, proposing a nexus between literature and image. We hypothesize that "punctum" is the last manifestation of "zero degree" or "neutral", understood as a problematic stronghold of meaning that escapes the paradigm of meaning. The main corpus of the research comprises the barthesian texts in which we astonish said intersection and meetings. The theoretical references involve a state of the art of barthesian studies (Calvet, Marty, Batchen and among us Motta, Perrone-Moisés), the most relevant works on photography (Dubois, Soulages, Rouillé, Frade, Sontag) and studies on haiku (Blyth, Paz, Herrigel, Keene, and among us Franchetti, Leminski, Verçosa, Campos) / A presente pesquisa é dedicada a uma reflexão sobre as relações possíveis entre fotografia e haikai na obra de Roland Barthes, abarcando aquelas obras do autor suscetíveis de ilustrá-las a saber: O Império dos Signos (1970), O Neutro (1977- 1978), A Preparação do Romance (1978-1979) e A Câmara Clara (1980). Mais especificamente, enfocaremos o conceito de “punctum” à luz das insistentes notas sobre a instantaneidade do haikai que se disseminam no texto barthesiano, propondo um nexo entre a literatura e a imagem. Formulamos a hipótese de que o “punctum” é a última manifestação do “grau zero” ou do “neutro”, entendidos como reduto problemático do sentido que escapa ao paradigma do significado. O corpus principal da pesquisa compreende os textos barthesianos em que surpreendemos a referida intersecção e reuniões. Os referenciais teóricos envolvem um estado da arte dos estudos barthesianos (Calvet, Marty, Batchen e entre nós Motta, Perrone- Moisés), os mais relevantes trabalhos sobre fotografia (Dubois, Soulages, Rouillé, Frade, Sontag) e estudos abalizados sobre o haikai (Blyth, Paz, Herrigel, Keene, e entre nós Franchetti, Leminski, Verçosa, Campos)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:14:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Conrado Valle de Queiroz Padilha.pdf: 1248123 bytes, checksum: 435251b3c257bfddbc814a2c733b95cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The cardinal purpose of this work is to present the Barthesian concept of myth as per its definition in Mythologies. It is also an attempt to follow how it unfolds in the work of Roland Barthes through a small set of selected texts: Writing Degree Zero, Mythologies, Elements of Semiology, L obvie et l obtus, Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes, and Camera Lucida. This research implies in handling the concept of connotation, through which Barthes defines the myth as an ultra-signification message. We here play with the hypothesis of the concept of studium, belatedly introduced in Camera Lucida, as a reformulation of the myth in the photography field, since Barthes himself sees in it the same characteristic effect of the connotative phenomenon. In such a manner, the corpus of this research is given by the author s mentioned texts; for its convenient aspect, it is also added of the repertoire of images offered by the researcher Jacqueline Guittard and her Mythologies illustrées, which recaptures and expands the edition known so far; the images of Camera Lucida are also added to it. The relevance of this research is tied to the possibility offered by Barthes oeuvre to criticize the mass communications in a historic and semiotic perspective, always paying attention to the work of the signifier / O trabalho tem por objetivo primordial apresentar o conceito barthesiano de mito , conforme definido em Mitologias. Trata-se também de acompanhar seus desdobramentos na obra de Roland Barthes por meio de um pequeno conjunto de textos selecionados: O grau zero da escritura, Mitologias, Elementos de semiologia, O óbvio e o obtuso, Roland Barthes por Roland Barthes e A câmara clara. Tal busca demanda trabalhar com o conceito de conotação, através do qual Barthes define o mito enquanto uma mensagem de ultrassignificação. Jogamos com a hipótese de que o conceito de studium, tardiamente introduzido em A câmara clara, é a reformulação do mito no campo da fotografia, já que Barthes vê aí o mesmo efeito característico do fenômeno conotativo. Assim, o corpus da pesquisa é dado pelos referidos textos do autor. Pelo caráter oportuno, este corpus é acrescido do repertório de imagens fornecido pela pesquisadora Jacqueline Guittard em seu Mitologias ilustrado, que retoma e aumenta a edição até aqui conhecida; a isto acrescentam-se ainda as imagens de A câmara clara. A relevância da pesquisa liga-se à possibilidade que a obra de Barthes nos oferece de voltar às comunicações de massa uma crítica ao mesmo tempo semiótica e histórica, sempre atenta ao trabalho do significante

This Master’s thesis presents a descriptive study of the intellectual process to describe images in such a way that they can be incorporated into written information systems. The purpose of the thesis is to concentrate on the scientific development for the last two decades, in the area concerning the description of images so that they can be organized and incorporated into information systems and possible to retrieve when searched for. Library and information science (LIS) has a strong tradition of turning to the iconographical theories of Erwin Panofsky and to semiotics according to Roland Barthes, for models and theories for the interpretation of images. The question for this thesis is whether LIS in this scientific field, has deviated from these models and theories, or are Panofsky and Barthes and their scientific work still providing for intellectual and practical guidance for LIS within this area. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The legalization of marijuana in Canada represents a significant change in the course of Canadian drug policy. Using a semiotic approach based on the work of Roland Barthes, this dissertation explores marijuana’s signification within the House of Commons and Senate debates between 1891 and 2018. When examined through this conceptual lens, the ongoing parliamentary debates about marijuana over the last 127 years are revealed to be rife with what Barthes referred to as myths, ideas that have become so familiar that they cease to be recognized as constructions and appear innocent and natural. Exploring one such myth—the necessity of asserting “paternal power” over individuals deemed incapable of rational calculation—this dissertation demonstrates that the processes of political debate and law-making are also a complex “politics of signification” in which myths are continually being invoked, (re)produced, and (re)transmitted. The evolution of this myth is traced to the contemporary era and it is shown that recent attempts to criminalize, decriminalize, and legalize marijuana are indices of a process of juridification that is entrenching legal regulation into increasingly new areas of Canadian life in order to assert greater control over the consumption of marijuana and, importantly, over the risks that this activity has been semiologically associated with. Although the government’s legalization decision seems to be a liberalization of drug policy at odds with processes of juridification, it is shown that legalization’s transformation of irrational and criminal marijuana users into legitimate consumers subject to a strict regulatory framework is entirely compatible with a neo-liberal perspective that is saturated by the myth of irrationality and the necessity of paternal power. The reaching of this counterintuitive conclusion helps demonstrate this dissertation’s primary contribution: the illustration of the value of Barthesian semiotics as a means of producing new and alternative insights into seemingly familiar criminological issues.