SammanfattningSyftet med det här examensarbetet är att undersöka hur lärare och specialpedagoger på gymnasiet uppfattar att reformen av det pedagogiska stödet som infördes i skollagen den 1 juli 2014 fungerar, samt vad som påverkar genomförandet av politiska ideal och reformer i praktiken.Intervjuer med specialpedagoger, enkätsvar från lärare, studier av forskning om inkludering, policy och praktik utgör en mixed methods-ansats. Metodvalet syftar till att bredda underlaget för analysen och förståelsen av en mångfasetterad verklighet och verksamhet.Resultatet av undersökningen tyder på att alla elever på gymnasiet inte får det stöd de enligt skollagen har rätt till. Det visar också att reformen, tvärtemot sitt uttalade syfte, har ökat lärarnas dokumentations- och arbetsbörda. Slutligen blir det tydligt att olika dilemman och konflikter kan uppstå när ideal ska förverkligas, att en omtolkning av de politiska direktiven görs på flera nivåer i det byråkratiska systemet och i klassrumspraktiken – och att de många politiska direktiv som skolan utsatts för under senare år inte alltid har den effekt beslutsfattarna hoppas eftersom de delar ut fler påbud än resurser att efterleva dem. Slutsatsen är att makthavarna i framtiden borde basera reformer på vetenskaplig grund och i dialog med dem som arbetar och går i skolan, samt att lärarna borde ta sitt ansvar som demokratins väktare och protestera mot att de inte ges förutsättningar att tillmötesgå elevernas behov och tillvarata deras rättigheter.Nyckelord: Dilemmaperspektiv, extra anpassningar, inkludering, kategoriskt perspektiv, relationellt perspektiv, resurser, segregering, street level bureaucracy, särskilt stöd.

In this inquiry, the attempt is made first to see Mexico through the eyes of Octavio Paz, who in his essay, The Other Mexico: Critique of the Pyramid, considers the development of modern Mexico from a cultural, historical and political perspective and secondly to interface a universal archetype with the Mexican experience. Regarding the first endeavor, it is Paz’s intention to bring his nation to a better understanding of its own peculiar dilemmas and to indicate changes of attitudes essential for salutary future progress. It is true that as Mexico’s renowned poet, essayist, playwright, editor and diplomat, Paz treats the nation’s central and critical problems from his role as an intellectual. A few reflections on this role will be helpful.

In this thesis I develop a critical theory of public participation and deliberation in post-communist Romania. Primarily, this theory is developed from a critical assessment of two intermediate-level Romanian institutions: the deliberative system that has formed to debate the authorisation of a proposed gold mining project in Ro¿ia Montan¿, Romania and the legitimacy claims of the series of hybrid forums that were convened as part of that project¿s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The hybrid forum legitimacy claims were assessed based on a standard of hybrid forum legitimacy developed in this thesis from deliberative democracy theory and practice. Grounded in new institutionalism theory, this thesis describes the historical and contemporary socio-economic conditions that have shaped Romanian public participation and deliberation. / American Fulbright Commission

Tahe starting point of this study is to investigate how the school organizationally works as an institution to counteract problematic school absence. The school is a large part of society as well as an institution that shapes the citizens, at the same time as the schools have a mission to promote the individual´s progression and learning. The schools function to benefit society as well individuals with their personal development make the school a complex organization. The school's organization includes many different areas and it’s therefore difficult to examine in this individual study. We have therefore chosen to focus on the school staff´s work with problematic school absence. The theoretical ground this study is based on is called 'street level bureaucracy'. This theory describes the school staff’s labor from within an organization while having direct contact with members of the general public. The Swedish analogy of this term is gräsrotsbyråkrati. The material that will be used consists of existing literature on the subject as well as interviews conducted with school staff in which they provide their experience of how the organization works with students' problematic school absence. Through the school staff’s experience, we can get a deeper insight into schools organizational structures. The study's conclusion is that school staff need to have a greater influence in the organization's management. Furthermore this study concludes that school staff in general have a much higher need to influence the creation of government documents than they currently have. This need for more influence stems from the fact that they themselves have to carry out these policies on a daily basis and therefore have the necessary expertise on the subject.

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<p>In February 2011, a wave of creative direct action swept across postal depots in the city of Edmonton which saw rank-and-file workers organizing outside of the channels of formal-legal unionism. Fighting against management’s imposition of compulsory overtime as a staffing measure, Letter Carriers and other “outside” postal workers relied on solidarity and resistance at the point of production in a successful campaign to put an end to this practice. The relevance of this particular struggle to the Canadian labour movement is twofold. First, the intensified workloads of Edmonton postal workers reflect a wider shift in the nature of employment relationships away from the existence of employer support as part of the rise of neoliberal capitalism. Second, the choice of workers to organize at a distance from the historically militant Canadian Union of Postal Workers reveals both the predicament facing labour of a highly restrictive formal labour relations system as well as an alternative path of resistance. For Edmonton postal workers, this path was forged in large part as a result of the influence of IWW dual-carder organizers and, more specifically, their introduction of a mode of union praxis known as solidarity unionism</p> / Master of Arts (MA)