The importance of reliable parts and production methods in the aerospace industry is crucial to guarantee safety in the air. Hence, each material used in the production of aircrafts needs to be tested and verified as fit for use in all intended environments. This is however a complex task since material requirements differs largely depending on various material applications. The tests and the development of these test programs are both expensive and time-consuming, which therefore gives incentives to increase the performance in qualification processes. The purpose of this study is therefore to identify potential improvements and give suggestions for how to enhance the process performance in a qualification process.The research was executed as a single-case study at Saab Aeronautics in Linköping. The results are based on qualitative data, mainly from observations and from interviews with people affected by the qualification process. Problems and sources of improvements were identified in the collected data and thereafter addressed with relevant process improvement- and quality tools. “Experience-based process”, “Insufficient communication”, and “Insufficient customer focus” were expected to be the most essential problems to address to enhance the process performance. A root-cause analysis was done to find the root-causes of these problems. The root-causes were thereafter screened and prioritized based on the expected benefits from solving them and based on the effort to address them. 12 root-causes were selected as the most relevant problems to address, and 16 recommended actions for these problems were thereafter formulated. This research has showed the success of established quality- and process improvement tools in a complex process environment. The study has also provided a structured approach for how process improvements efforts can be applied in an effective manner, where no quantitative data is available to analyze.

The general poor service delivery in municipalities raised the question of whether the incorporation of an intrapreneurship spirit might contribute in enhancing the effectiveness of service delivery in municipalities. The study aimed to examine whether intrapreneurship, if implemented within the O.R. Tambo District Municipality, can improve service delivery. The primary objective was to explore the intrapreneurship practices that can improve service delivery within the municipalities. A qualitative approach was used in the study. Twelve in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with middle and top managers of the district municipalities. Intrapreneurship was then established to be a positive culture that could be adopted by municipalities to foster innovation and enable efficient and effective service delivery. The results of the study showed that, while there is a general appreciation for intrapreneurship, there are many factors that are working against the success of intrapreneurship in the municipality. These factors need to be addressed if an innovation and intrapreneurial culture is to be fostered in municipalities. The findings were used to develop a framework illustrating the municipality’s internal environment and intrapreneurship. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

The primary objective of this study is to clarify a child's perspective within family matters surrounding financial aid from social services likewise how social workers interpret and implement the perspective in their tasks. Answers to the study's questions are supported by theories about the capacity for action and Shier's theory, Pathways to Participation. The foundation of this study is based on, among other things, scientific articles, literature, and reports that build the analysis which diverges into several themes as a result. The results showed that the children's perspective was inconclusive and a complex concept to define both in research and legislative texts, while simultaneously showing that the social secretary's broad and respectively narrow possibility of interpreting the law could be received as both negative and positive in the assessment of the child's best interests. There were also flaws in the documentation regarding the child's situation. In conclusion, some of the results of this study were based on the fact that the given legislative texts and guidelines did not provide a clear definition of how the social secretary should proceed in their work with the children's perspective and in the child's best interests.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study examines the problems of implementing water allocation policy in the context of the local state bureaucracy as well as the specific experiences of local black emerging farmers in the Breede Gouritz Water Management Area. This study used qualitative research methods and is based on many hours of interviews and observing bureaucrats and stakeholders at the receiving end of the bureaucratic business process of water allocation. It is not only concerned with the physical and technical aspects of access but explores how the different role players interact, navigate, shape, frame and manage challenges to gain access to and control water for productive use. The actual experiences and understandings of the stakeholders in their own contexts when engaging with the access to water are crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding and insight into the influence of bureaucracy and power relations. This thesis therefore maps the confusions and incapacities and shows that even though the South African laws are based on the best international frameworks, they fail, as they do not sufficiently address the unique environment and landscape. Existing scholarship has not adequately researched local bureaucratic power. At the coalface of implementation, bureaucrats make up their own rules to cope with rapid policy churning. Combined with existing power relations, policy implementation and policy direction is steered towards different and unintended trajectories, making transformation a challenge to achieve. Consequently, my main finding is that there have been constant and rapid legislative and policy changes but they have simply added to the confusion and instability.

No description available.

Research has shown that the older population’s drinking habits are expanding. With this, alcohol-related diseases and injuries are prone to increase. This places demands on an elder care that has resources and knowledge on how to provide equitable welfare. The aim of this study was to examine social workers experience of working with older adults with an ongoing or suspected alcohol addiction. Interviews with 6 social workers were conducted. The interviews were based on a semi-structured model with open questions, where the main focus was on the informant’s own experience on the subject. The result shows that there is a lack of knowledge of how to deal with and identify alcohol addiction among the elderly population. There is also a lack of services that targets substance abuse among elderly. Social workers therefore must invent their own strategy to find suitable care alternatives within a bureaucratic system.

Utifrån lagen ska en tjänsteperson vara saklig och opartisk i sin bedömning och utredning av ärenden. Samtidigt som det är viktigt med mångfald och representation i offentlig förvaltning för demokratin enligt forskare. Detta för att klienter ska känna en samhörighet med tjänstepersonerna. Mot bakgrund av detta är det av intresse att undersöka den spänning roll som uppstår för tjänstepersonerna. Det övergivande syftet i den här studien är att öka förståelsen om tjänstepersoners upplevelser av dessa två roller som förväntas av dem. För att uppnå syftet har studien byggt på en huvudfrågeställning och två underfrågeställningar som stöd för att inhämta empiri. Frågeställningarna har besvarat genom kvalitativa intervjuer med fem tjänstepersoner runt om i landet. Den empiriska analysen har resulterat i att tjänstepersoner med en invandrarbakgrund inte gör ett aktiv val att vara representanter för sina klienter. Dessutom får dessa tjänstepersoner ta emot en del otrevligheter från både klienter med en invandrarbakgrund och svenska klienter. Med det sagt är studiens slutsats att tjänstepersoner är utsatts på grund av deras bakgrund, men också för deras opartiskhet. / According to the law, a public official must be objective and impartial in his assessment and investigation of cases. At the same time, it is important to have diversity and representation in public administration for democracy, according to researchers. This is for clients to feel and bond with the service providers. Because of this, it is of interest to investigate the tension role that arises for the public officia. The overarching purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of officials' experiences of these two roles expected of them. To achieve the aim, the study has one main question and two sub-questions as support for obtaining empirical data. The questions have been answered through qualitative interviews with five officials around the country. The empirical analysis has obtained results in in-service staff with an immigrant background and not actively being representative of their clients. Also, these employees receive as emotional and participative from clients with an immigrant background and Swedish clients. The study concludes that public officials are exposed because of their background, but also for their impartiality.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att utifrån perspektiv på gräsrotsbyråkrati skapa en djupare förståelse för socialsekreterares upplevelser av att arbeta till skydd för det ofödda barnet när mamma missbrukar under graviditeten. För att uppnå studiens syfte har kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare genomförts. Det empiriska materialet har med tematisk analys analyserats utifrån Lipskys (1980) teori om gräsrotsbyråkrati samt handlingsutrymme och studien har på så vis genererat en djupare förståelse för socialsekreterarnas upplevelser. Studien har behandlat avsaknaden av riktlinjer och lagstöd, slitningen mellan organisationens ramar och de moraliska värderingarna, samt socialsekreterarnas upplevelse av sitt handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visar att det råder en brist på riktlinjer och rutiner för att hantera dessa ärenden, och att socialsekreterarna upplever en avsaknad av lagstöd för att ingripa till skydd för det ofödda barnet när insatser på frivillig väg inte är möjliga, vilket även resulterar i att deras handlingsutrymme blir begränsat eller obefintligt. Detta medför att socialsekreterarna många gånger tvingas välja mellan att gå emot sina moraliska värderingar eller hitta sätt att kringgå lagen. Vidare påvisar studien att socialsekreterarna upplever ansvar för det ofödda barnet trots att de enligt organisationens ramverk egentligen inte har ett ansvar för denne. Att inte kunna agera till skydd för det ofödda barnet, i kombination med omvärldens förväntningar på socialsekreteraren, skapar en stark känsla av frustration. Våra resultat visar därför på ett behov av riktlinjer och rutiner för hur socialsekreterare ska arbeta med det ofödda barnet när mamma missbrukar under graviditeten. Emellertid täcker vår studie bara en liten del av socialsekreterares upplevelser av att arbeta till skydd för det ofödda barnet, varför det finns behov av vidare forskning inom området. Möjligen skulle förståelsen för deras upplevelser berikas av att belysas ur andra perspektiv, såsom makt och etik.

Michael Lipsky states through his theory of street-level bureaucracy that teachers, among other street-level occupations, often work under a heavy workload due to parameters built into their occupations characteristics and limited resources. Lipsky says that street-level bureaucrats therefor under the influence of their works natural discretion tend to use client-processing strategies to lighten the pressure to make their work situation bearable. Teachers in Sweden is an occupational group that has an important societal function in educating children, teenagers and young adults for their future social lives. At the same time as they work under a heavy workload. This essay aims to see if teachers in Sweden uses the three client-processing strategies tension between capability and objectives, private goal definition and defense against discretion to modify their work and students, to make their work situation more bearable. This is tested quantitively through Pearsons chi2 test of independence and regression analysis. The conclusion is that even though a tendency towards the use of client-processing strategies can be seen in the results, one cannot conclude that this is actually the case and that further studies has to be done to be able to give a more accurate response to the question.

Den här uppsatsen handlar om socialsekreterare som arbetar med barn och unga som riskerar att bli omhändertagna. Kvalitativa intervjuer har gjorts med åtta socialsekreterare på olika platser i Sverige. Syftet är att få en bättre förståelse för svårigheterna som socialsekreterare ställs inför i arbetet med familjer och barn som har hamnat utanför samhället. Teoretiska utgångspunkter är Michael Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater, Michel Foucaults teori om makt och Arlie Russell Hochschilds teori om känsloregler. Resultatet visar att svårigheterna som socialsekreterare upplever är att lagar och regler kan försvåra arbetet, vilket kan leda till att socialsekreterarna förlora makten och kontrollen över klienterna. Socialsekreterarna är medvetna om att makt är något de utövar, men att den oftast sker via motivationsarbete där språket är en maktform. Resultatet visar att det finns förväntningar på dem och att allmänheten inte förstår att de måste arbeta utifrån lagar och regler. När allmänheten inte förstår svårigheterna i socialsekreterarnas arbete kan det leda till orättvis kritik från samhället. Socialsekreterarna upplever att det går att styra känslorna efter ett tag, men väldigt jobbiga situationer medförde att känslorna kan sitta kvar en längre period. Man bör helst undvika att visa negativa känslor mot klienterna, då det kan upplevas oprofessionellt. Relationen till klienterna är viktig och det kan bli problematiskt när klienterna inte vill samarbeta. / This essay examines social secretaries working with children, and young people, who are atrisk of being taken into care. Qualitative interviews were conducted with eight social secretaries working in different places in Sweden. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties that social workers face working with families, and children, who live outside society. Theoretical starting points are Michael Lipsky's theory of street-level bureaucrats, Michael Foucault's theory of power and Arlie Russell Hocschild's theory of emotional rules. The results shows that the difficulties social secretaries experience are that laws and regulations can complicate their work; it can also lead to the social secretaries losing power and control over their clients. The social secretaries are aware of the fact that they exercise power, but that it usually takes place through motivational work where language is a form of power. The results shows that the public has expectations of them, but does not understand that the social secretaries perform their work based on laws and regulations. When the public does not understand the difficulties in the work of social workers, it can lead to unfair criticism from society. The social secretaries feel that it was possible to control their emotions after a while, but very difficult situations can remain in their memory for a long time. A social secretary should preferably avoid showing negative feelings towards clients, because then they can be perceived as unprofessional. The relationship with the clients is important and it can be problematic when a client does not want to cooperate.