The digitization of media has undermined much of the social authority and economic viability on which U.S. journalism relied during the 20th century. This disruption has also opened a central tension for the profession: how to reconcile the need for occupational control against growing opportunities for citizen participation. How that tension is navigated will affect the ultimate shape of the profession and its place in society. This dissertation examines how the leading nonprofit actor in journalism, The John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, has sought to help journalism innovate out of its professional crisis. This case study engages a series of mixed methods—including interviews, textual analysis, and secondary data analysis—to generate a holistic portrayal of how the Knight Foundation has attempted to transform itself and the journalism field in recent years, particularly through its signature Knight News Challenge innovation contest. From a sociology of professions perspective, I found that the Knight Foundation altered the rhetorical and actual boundaries of journalism jurisdiction. Knight moved away from “journalism” and toward “information” as a way of seeking the wisdom of the crowd to solve journalism’s problems. This opening up of journalism’s boundaries created crucial space in which innovators, from inside and outside journalism, could step in and bring change to the field. In particular, these changes have allowed the concept of citizen participation, which resides at the periphery of mainstream newswork, to become embraced as an ethical norm and a founding doctrine of journalism innovation. The result of these efforts has been the emergence of a new rendering of journalism—one that straddles the professional-participatory tension by attempting to “ferry the values” of professional ideals even while embracing new practices more suited to a digital environment. Ultimately, this case study matters for what it suggests about professions in turbulent times. Influential institutions can bring change to their professional fields by acting as boundary-spanning agents—stepping outside the traditional confines of their field, altering the rhetorical and structural borders of professional jurisdiction to invite external contribution and correction, and altogether creating the space and providing the capital for innovation to flourish. / text

This thesis seeks to investigate the role that blogs play in contemporary South African journalism through examining six blogs in the South African blogosphere and their content choices. This thesis draws on four key theoretical frameworks around which the research questions have been formulated: New Media and Journalism, Journalistic Blogging, Audiences and the Public Sphere. There are three key research questions: 1. What is the role played by blogging in contemporary South African journalism? 2. To what extent has the blogosphere become a Public Sphere? 3. How have blogs influenced/changed/impacted on the style and content of South African journalism? The qualitative data collected through blog observation, interviews with blog owner/ editors and concluded focus group discussions with blog readers, is designed to help reveal the role blogs and bloggers play in contemporary South African journalism, and through discussions with the audience and monitoring conversations online, help explore the possibilities of a public sphere. The conclusion of this thesis is that blogs do play a role in contemporary South African journalism and can serve as an effective public sphere. Defining what it means to be a journalist and recognising the differences between blogger and journalist is an issue that needs to be effectively understood before a conclusive agreement is to be reached in the blogger/journalist debate. However, for now the relationship between South African news agents and South African bloggers is promising. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.

Submitted by CAMILA FERNANDES null (camila@tvpreve.com.br) on 2017-12-15T18:07:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO CAMILA FINAL pdf.pdf: 968586 bytes, checksum: 3e84aa677e7420f8ed497d91ba706488 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br) on 2017-12-18T15:32:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_c_me_bauru.pdf: 968586 bytes, checksum: 3e84aa677e7420f8ed497d91ba706488 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-18T15:32:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_c_me_bauru.pdf: 968586 bytes, checksum: 3e84aa677e7420f8ed497d91ba706488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-27 / A construção da notícia, sua apuração, redação e divulgação é algo curioso ao mundo de fora dos bastidores do telejornalismo. No jornalismo televisivo, a atividade profissional vai muito além dos microfones e câmeras. Por isso o objetivo desta dissertação é revelar através das pesquisas de campo e bibliográfica, se existem responsabilidade social e o compromisso no exercício das atividades dos profissionais do telejornalismo que produzem a reportagem externa, descrevendo as atitudes, o papel social que permeia as ações diante de reportagens que expõem os problemas que inquietam os cidadãos, além de compreender os conceitos telejornalísticos e as rotinas de reportagem explorando a relação do telejornalismo regional com a sociedade. Essa abordagem deu-se através de questões sobre a afinidade que o profissional tem com a comunidade receptora e muitas vezes emissora de notícias. Qual a missão do jornalista televisivo diante dos fatos ocorridos? Que tipo de análise os profissionais da notícia fazem do seu trabalho junto à sociedade/comunidade? Analisando as entrevistas semiestruturadas, (questões pré-estabelecidas) desta pesquisa qualitativa, procurou-se interpretá-las e assim identificar a auto-imagem dos jornalistas e sua profissão. A hipótese sobre a existência de uma missão e da responsabilidade social nos bastidores do telejornalismo foi confirmada com as entrevistas realizadas com os profissionais de duas emissoras afiliadas localizadas no município de Bauru e interpretação das mesmas tendo como base as referências sobre o assunto. Este contexto é mais uma discussão importante em meio a grandes transformações no mundo da comunicação. / News construction, verification, writing and diffusion are curious things outside the backstage of TV news. In television news, this professional activity goes well beyond microphones and cameras. Therefore, this dissertation aims to reveal whether there is social responsibility and commitment of journalism professionals who produce external reports performing journalism activities through description of attitudes and the inherent social role of the actions in face of reports that expose the problems which upset citizens, as well as understand television news concepts and report routine exploring the relation with the regional TV news. This approach appeared through questions about the professional’s relation with the recipient society or community and, many times, news producer. What is the mission of television journalists before the occurred facts? What kind of analysis do news professionals do along with the society or community? Describing semi-structured interviews, (pre-conceived questions) in this qualitative research we interpreted and identified the self-image of journalists and their profession. The hypothesis about the existence of a mission and social responsibility in the backstage of television journalism was validated by interviews with professionals from two TV stations based in Bauru city. Both stations were used as references for interpretation of the subject. This context adds an important discussion amidst huge transformation in the world of communication.

The Swedish prime minister, Olof Palme was murdered in the middle of the street in the heart of Stockholm, by an unknown perpetrator on the 28th of February 1986. Even though it has been 32 years since the death of the former prime minister, a keen interest of the murder within the media still exists and has not decreased over the years. By conducting a qualitative text analysis, this paper examined how the murder of Olof Palme is described in an alternative medium; Fria Tider. The aim of this study is to problematize citizen journalism in Sweden. With the basis of the framing theory and agenda setting, eight texts were chosen from the alternative medium Fria Tider, an online newspaper. The authors conducted a framing analysis to identify which frameworks were most prominent in the way of describing the murder. The result of this study showed that three frames dominated; a conspiracy of several actors, the police's responsibility, and the solution is near. The authors found that Fria Tider produced several individuals and institutions as suspected of the murder of Olof Palme in these frameworks. While these frameworks can be seen as problematic, this study cannot conclude that it is problematic to read opinions other than what traditional media give. Therefore, this study cannot problematize citizen journalism.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-02-17T16:50:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 janainadeoliveiranunes.pdf: 1638103 bytes, checksum: 1db7c53ed3c7e922c59d7178cc853709 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-20T18:04:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 janainadeoliveiranunes.pdf: 1638103 bytes, checksum: 1db7c53ed3c7e922c59d7178cc853709 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-20T18:04:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 janainadeoliveiranunes.pdf: 1638103 bytes, checksum: 1db7c53ed3c7e922c59d7178cc853709 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-20T18:04:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 janainadeoliveiranunes.pdf: 1638103 bytes, checksum: 1db7c53ed3c7e922c59d7178cc853709 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-03 / Partindo do pressuposto de que as tecnologias da comunicação podem desencadear alterações sociais e de linguagem, busca-se estudar as mudanças ocorridas nas formas de produção e consumo do jornalismo. Num primeiro momento, são tratadas as características da sociedade da informação, tomando como base argumentos teóricos de Lévy, Castells, McLuhan, Kerckhove, entre outros. Em seguida, discute-se as influências da cultura digital no jornalismo impresso e a tendência à convergência de conteúdos com o on-line, a partir de Marcondes Filho, Ricardo Noblat, Phillip Meyer e Lourival Sant’Anna. Também foi feita uma reflexão sobre como a Web 2.0 e o aumento da participação dos usuários como “jornalistas cidadãos” vêm modificando as práticas do jornalismo, tendo como referencial textos de Francis Pisani, Mark Briggs, Luciana Mielniczuck, Pollyana Ferrari, Marcos Palacios e Cláudia Quadros. Para exemplificar os apontamentos levantados, parte-se para a análise de conteúdo, tendo como objetos o jornal O Globo e o site “Globo Online”. Após análises dos indicadores encontrados, em linhas gerais, chega-se à conclusão de que o a demanda por informação é mais importante do que o suporte em que ela será apresentada. Sabendo disso, empresas de comunicação estão investindo na diversificação da oferta de informação on-line, explorando cada vez mais as potencialidades da hipermídia. / Assuming that the technologies of communication can trigger social changes and language, seeks to study the changes in forms of production and consumption of journalism. Initially, the features are treated in the information society, on the basis of theoretical arguments Lévy, Castells, McLuhan, Kerckhove, among others. Then, it discusses the influences of culture in the digital print journalism and the trend to convergence of content with the on-line, from Marcondes Filho, Ricardo Noblat, Phillip Meyer and Lourival Sant'Anna. It was a reflection on how Web 2.0 and increased participation of users as "citizen journalists" are changing the practice of journalism, taking as reference texts by Francis Pisani, Mark Briggs, Luciana Mielniczuck, Pollyana Ferrari, Marcos Palacios and Claudia Tables To illustrate the notes collected, used the methodology of content analysis. The study aimed at the newspaper O Globo and the site Globo Online. After analysis of the indicators found, in general, come to the conclusion that to demand for information is more important than the medium in which it appears. Knowing this, the communication companies are investing in the diversification of supply of information online, increasingly exploring the potential of hypermedia.

Framtidens nyhetsförmedling är en kvalitativ studie om dagens situation och framtiden för den tryckta nyhetspapperstidningen. Materialet i studien bygger på intervjuer och en innehållsanalys av Medieutredningen. De frågor som den här undersökningen besvarar är hur framtiden ser ut för den tryckta papperstidningen och vilka som kommer att skriva våra nyheter. I dag är situationen utmanande för de mediekoncerner som har tryckta papperstidningar. Den tryckta nyhetstidningens prenumeranter är främst i åldern 45-79 år. De yngre generationernas nyhetskonsumtion sker främst via internet och sociala medier. Den här studiens informanter anser att papperstidningens framtid är dyster. Det är svårt att göra produkten attraktiv när priset stiger för varje år och levnadsvanorna förändras. Mediekoncernerna arbetar just nu med en digital omställning. Samtidigt är det en hög efterfrågan på kvalitativ journalistik. I tider där vem som helst har möjlighet att utöva journalistiskt arbete vill läsarna kunna lita på att de får kvalitativ journalistik. Genom att erbjuda det till bra priser och flexibla prenumerationer, både i papper och digitala alternativ, tror informanterna att läsarna vill prenumerera på nyheter även i framtiden. / The news agency of the future is a qualitative study of the current situation and future of the printed newspaper. The material in the study is based on interviews and a content analysis of Sweden’s Media investigation. The questions that this study answers is how the future looks like the printed newspaper and who will write our news. Today, the situation is challenging for the media groups that have printed papers. The printed newspapers subscribers are mainly aged 45-79 years. The informants of this study consider the paper magazine's future to be pessimistic. It is difficult to make the product attractive when the price rises for each year and the living habits change. Media groups are currently working on digital transformation. At the same time, there is a high demand for qualitative journalism. In times when anyone has the opportunity to practice journalistic work, readers want to be able to trust qualitative journalism. By offering it at great prices and flexible subscriptions, both in paper and digital options, the informants believe readers want to subscribe to news even in the future.

After the attacks by Hamas on Israel on October 7th and the offensive on Palestine that followed, a group of young Palestinians have taken the role of sharing witness of the ongoing genocide through social media. This thesis investigates how these citizen journalists are bearing witness to the ongoing genocide and how social media audiences are reacting to these images. By analyzing the discourses present in their posts through a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) and systematically observing the comments under said posts through a thematic analysis, this thesis demonstrates that there is a relation between shared discourses and audience reactions. The study argues that vulnerability is being used as an act of resistance, and that discourses involving vulnerability and eye-witnessing are common in these posts and inspire emotional reactions and sentiments of resistance in the audiences, and further demonstrates how the analyzed citizen journalists seem to share similar discourses and feelings while using several modes of address in variating ways from post to post. All these findings show that the current Palestinian conflict may be contributing to changes in the ways war and conflicts are mediatized due to their use of social media to create a more connective citizen journalism where audiences become closer with the distant suffering.

Rendue possible par les NTIC, une nouvelle forme de journalisme numérique privilégiant la parole publique a pris son essor. Les amateurs se retrouvent désormais au coeur de l’actualité en tant que source ou témoin. Ce phénomène est présent partout dans le monde, mais la Corée du Sud est considérée comme le pays où la participation des amateurs est la plus active. Dans ce pays, les expériences du journalisme « citoyen » sont liées à la logique d’une alternative aux médias de masse. Le succès du site OhmyNews, considéré comme précurseur du journalisme participatif, est dû à la volonté des Coréens de se saisir d'une liberté de parole dont ils ont été privés jusqu'à la fin des années 80. Initiés par ce succès, de multiples pure players et d’innombrable plateformes participatives sont apparus. Ce phénomène a favorisé le développement du journalisme « amateur » et a engendré la fin de l’ère du monopole des médias traditionnels. Le journalisme amateur à l'heure d'internet est-il et a-t-il les moyens d'être une véritable voix d'expression populaire ? Cette recherche montre que la pratique des amateurs permet une nouvelle forme de l'expression médiatique, mais produit désormais une surabondance de l’expression privée. En particulier, les sites-portails génèrent des recettes publicitaires en exploitant le contenu apporté par les utilisateurs en privilégiant de l’information divertissante. Leur domination sur le marché des médias en ligne est le facteur le plus inquiétant non seulement pour les médias traditionnels mais également pour l’avenir de l’information. En parallèle, nous avons observé l’évolution de la culture de la participation politique depuis l’explosion d’Internet. Les internautes informés par diverses plateformes ont participé activement dans les lieux de discussion proposés par la plupart des sites d’actualités. Ces espaces numériques, en favorisant l’apparition d’une nouvelle scène de débat public, ont accru les capacités de mobilisation des citoyens. Mais, cela a finalement provoqué un contrôle trop sévère d’Internet par l’Etat. Dans ce contexte, le journalisme amateur nous semble instrumentalisé par la logique du marché, tandis que l’espace de la parole citoyenne est de plus en plus réduit dans le champ politique. / Thanks to the NTIC, a new form of digital journalism has arisen, which favours public speech. Amateur journalists now find themselves at the heart of the news, as a source or as a witness. This phenomenon is observed everywhere in the world, but South Korea is thought to be the country where amateur journalists are the most involved. In this country, experiments in "citizen" journalism are linked to the logic of an alternative to mass media. The success of the website Ohmynews, considered as the forerunner of participative journalism, is due to the Koreans' desire to grasp the freedom of speech they have been deprived of until the end of the 80s’. Following this success, numerous pure players and countless participative platforms have appeared. This phenomenon has fostered the development of "amateur" journalism and triggered the end of an era of traditional media monopoly. Still one may asks whether, in the internet era, amateur journalism has the means to be a real voice for popular expression. This research shows that the practice of journalism by amateurs allows a new form of media expression, but at the same time produces a superabundance of private expression. In particular, portal sites generate advertising revenues and highlights entertainment news among the content brought by the users. Their domination over the market of online media is the most worrying factor not only for traditional media but also for the future of information as a whole. At the same time, we have observed, in the internet population, an evolution in the culture of political involvement. The net surfers, who are informed through various platforms, have actively taken part in the spaces of discussion available on most news information websites. These digital spaces have encouraged the emergence of a new scene of public debate which, have increased the means of mobilization of digital citizens. But in the end, it has provoked very severe measures of State control. In this context, it appears that amateur journalism is undermined due to the prevailing rules of marketing, and that the space for citizen speech is more and more reduced.

The key approach of this thesis is to define closer discourse and importance of civic engagement in the media from the point of view of journalistic practice. This study examines trends of citizen journalism and community media that support active citizen participation and contribute to diversity of media content. The vision of traditional journalism disruption and enforcement of news agenda focusing on public interest became the key message of alternative media. The first two chapters concentrate on the origins of public interest involvement in the history of media discourse. They also highlight the alternative journalism characteristics, its current typology and the role of citizens supporting the concept of media democratization. They also specify the character of transformation of on-line professional journalism and its relationship to user-generated content in journalistic practices. Further four chapters determine specific demonstrations of citizen engagement in public media space and its concepts - public journalism, citizen journalism and community media. These chapters refer to characteristic of these phenonenons, they evaluate their contribution to the public life, concrete performance and practical applications abroad and in the Czech Republic. They also mention the key critical...

La thèse porte sur les effets de l’Internet sur la démocratie et la pratique de la citoyenneté, dans le contexte d’une civilisation marquée par une certaine apathie, où la télévision occupe une place centrale. Il s’agit d’interroger la pertinence des théories déterministes qui accordent aux nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication un pouvoir important de transformation de l’humain, soit dans le sens de son émancipation, soit dans celui de son aliénation. L’objectif de la recherche est de produire l’évaluation la plus réaliste possible de l’impact de l’Internet sur notre autonomie individuelle et collective. La thèse présente trois grands moments : dans le premier, les notions d’opinion publique, de démocratie et le rôle des médias traditionnels sont examinés à travers leurs fonctions latentes et manifestes, et révèlent une tension constante de l’humain entre son aspiration à la liberté et la nécessité du conformisme. Dans le deuxième moment, sont mis en évidence les différents effets possibles du web sur les citoyens, selon leurs pratiques ; nous voyons clairement se dessiner une coupure entre une minorité active, sur laquelle le web a des effets majeurs dans son rapport à l’information et à sa citoyenneté, et une majorité plus passive. Dans le troisième moment, nous décrivons l’activité d’un média citoyen, sorte d’utopie numérique pour les citoyens actifs. Cette thèse de philosophie emprunte aussi à d’autres disciplines comme l’histoire et la sociologie, et analyse précisément et concrètement certains phénomènes observés en ligne. / The thesis focuses on the effects of the Internet on democracy and the practice of citizenship in the context of a civilization marked by apathy, where television plays a central role. It is to question the relevance of deterministic theories that accord to new technologies of information and communication a significant power to transform the human is in the direction of emancipation, or in that of his alienation. The objective of the research is to produce the most realistic assessment of the impact of the Internet on our individual and collective autonomy.The thesis has three main stages: in the first, the concepts of public opinion, democracy and the role of traditional media are examined through their overt and latent functions, and reveal a constant tension between the human aspiration to the freedom and the need to conform. In the second time, are highlighted various possible effects of the web on citizens. According to their practices, we can clearly see emerge a partition between an active minority, on which the web has a major impact in his relation to the information and citizenship, and a more passive majority. In the third stage, we describe the activity of a citizen media, digital kind of utopia for active citizens.This thesis of philosophy also borrows from other disciplines such as history and sociology, and analyzes some specific and concrete phenomena online.