Depuis plusieurs années, les structures du patrimoine sont entrées de plein pied dans l’ère du numérique. Elles rejoignent de plus en plus les perspectives des humanités numériques orientées vers la démocratisation du savoir et le renouveau des recherches en Sciences Humaines et Sociales (SHS). Les principes de la démocratisation visant un rapprochement du patrimoine écrit au numérique semblent faire émerger de nouveaux points de réflexions tels que les conséquences de la diffusion des sources pour les besoins de la recherche. Si ces aspects ne sont pas à l’origine d’oppositions dans le domaine des bibliothèques, dans le cas des Archives,ils suscitent un tout autre rapport notamment du point de vue des droits de l’homme et des principes d’accès aux sources, notamment la diffusion. Les multiples avantages du numérique,naguère connus, vantés et recommandés par les politiques actuelles ont élagué des questions centrales à la sensibilité humaine et aux perceptions sociales. Certes, l’honorabilité des pratiques de globalisation associée au principe « d’accès universel au savoir » tel que pensé par Paul Otlet ont des enjeux mémoriels. Toutefois les polémiques liées aux discours sur la colonisation ont laissé place à des critiques sur les idéaux de la « culture pour tous » tout en suggérant une reconfiguration anthropologique de ce qui fonde l’ipséité des sources. Ce faisant,l’archive coloniale devient un réservoir de polémiques et de manifestations d’émotions, enrichie par des expériences personnelles et des situations sociales problématiques. Ces difficultés sont circonstanciées par la dimension émotive du document très peu considérée par les institutions patrimoniales, et les techniques de spectacularisations proposées par les professionnels de l'information. La caractéristique émotive attachée au document est suggérée par le fait que les émotions sont « des qualités d’une expérience complexe qui progresse et évolue, et sont liées à un drame »(Dewey, 2005). L’émotion patrimoniale, en considérant la typologie des documents de la période coloniale, dont il est ici question, répond à une « configuration émotionnelle ».Elle est caractérisée par des émotions collectives où se mêlent imaginaire et vécu. Dès lors,cette thèse tente de démontrer comment le contenu informationnel du document d’archive peut influer sur les perceptions émotionnelles des descendants de colonisé en AOF (AfriqueOccidentale Française) ? Comment se noue, à travers ce contenu, des imaginaires collectifs attachés à l’histoire coloniale ? Et comment se conjuguent principes des droits de l’homme et mise à disposition des sources (droit à l’information) la mise à disposition des sources quand celle-ci réveille réminiscences et souffrances. / For several years now, heritage structures have entered the digital age. They areincreasingly broadening the perspectives of the Digital Humanities oriented towards thedemocratization of knowledge and the new aspects of research in Human and Social Sciences.The principles of democratization aimed at bringing digital heritage closer together seem tobring new points of reflection such as the results of the dissemination of sources for the purposesof research. These aspects do not arouse oppositions in the field of Librarianship andInformation Science. However, in the case of the Archives, they evoke quite a different reaction,particularly from the point of view of human rights and principles of access to sources and theirprovision. The multiple well-known benefits of digital, promoted and recommended by currentpolicies have overshadowed the issues related to human sensitivity and social perceptions.Definitely, the respect of the practices of globalization associated with the principle of"universal access to knowledge" as designed by Paul Otlet, poses memorial challenges.However, the polemics on the discourses on colonization have given way to criticisms of theconcept of "culture for all", suggesting an anthropological reconfiguration of the foundationsof the ipseity of sources. The colonial archives have become a reservoir of polemics andmanifestations of emotions, enriched by personal experiences and problematic social situations.These difficulties are accompanied by the emotional dimension of the document not muchrecognized by the heritage institutions, as well as by the spectacularization methods proposedby the information professionals. The suggestion of the emotional dimension of the documentis supported by the fact that emotions are "qualities of a complex experience that progressesand evolves, and they are linked to a drama" (Dewey, 2005). Considering the typology of thecolonial period documents, the patrimonial emotion responds to an "emotional configuration".It is characterized by collective emotions where imaginary and real are combined. Therefore,this thesis attempts to explain how the information content of the archival document caninfluence the emotional perceptions of the descendants of the colonized peoples in French WestAfrica? How is this collective imaginary of colonial history established through this content?And how are the principles of human rights combined with access to sources (right toinformation) when it recalls reminiscences and suffering?

There is a wide range of contemporary publications dealing with Maji Mai War in German East Africa (1905-1907) during which mor than 100000 people lost their lives as a consequence of brutal fighting, deliberate destruction and famine. Only three of these publications were written by Africans. The Swahili text reprinted here attests the view of Mzee bin Ramadhani, the headman (liwali) of Songea town, after colonial military had gained the upper hand in June 1906. It contains polemic statements against leaders and supporters of the Maji Maji movement and depicts aspects of mutual support of colonial officers and Swahili residents from a local perspective. His article as a whole presents the colonial regime as a non-interfering and supportive factor in regard to the Swahili Diaspora. Thus it is reasonable to assume that in his eyes succesful Swahili men were at least equal in many respects (e.g. linguistic competence, social experience, religious conviction) rather than inferior according to colonial understanding.

Canadian education has historical roots in blatantly assimilationist policies bent on the social, economic, linguistic and spiritual subjugation of Aboriginal peoples and their cultures. Today, Canadian education has moved away from overtly colonialist discourses and publicly embraced the principles of multiculturalism. This research explores how and if this ideological shift has translated into the practice of contemporary Canadian education as it is experienced by students. My research focuses on the ways Canada’s colonial history and contemporary Aboriginal issues are addressed in mandatory Ontario high school social studies curriculum. This analysis is based on interviews with twenty-five recent high school graduates about what they remember learning about Aboriginal issues and how that knowledge has influenced their understanding of colonialism and Aboriginal peoples today. My interpretive analysis of students’ responses relies on the insights provided by critical pedagogy and postcolonial theory. By drawing on Gramsci, Freire and Apple I challenge the hegemonic practices in education that continue to marginalize Aboriginal peoples and their struggles. This research contributes to scholarship in the sociology of education and postcolonial studies by providing a unique picture of the ways in which young people come to understand Canada’s colonial legacy through their formal education, as well as providing insight into new directions for curriculum development, teacher training and more effective integration of anti-racist pedagogy in Ontario’s high schools. / Thesis (Master, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2007-08-23 17:38:27.532

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de rendre compte d’une figure particulièrement dynamique dans l’écriture de Leïla Sebbar, celle de l’adolescent fugueur. Mohamed dans Le Chinois vert d’Afrique (1982) et Shérazade dans Shérazade, 17 ans, brune, frisée, les yeux verts (1984), personnifient une réalité autre que celle accolée aux jeunes descendants de l’immigration maghrébine (surtout algérienne), partagés entre les codes culturels du pays d’origine et ceux du pays de naissance. L’hybridité des personnages et leur mobilité aléatoire permettent de réévaluer les discours sociaux dominants émis en France, pays tiraillé entre les aspirations d’unité nationale et l’histoire coloniale. Le premier chapitre fera état du contact des fugueurs avec la représentation picturale et sa place dans la constitution de leur identité. À la lumière de ces observations, la seconde partie du travail se penchera sur la prise de conscience du regard de l’Autre et le questionnement de l’image préconçue de l’adolescent de banlieue inculte en mal d’insertion sociale. La déconstruction de ce cliché permettra dans le troisième chapitre d’aborder la réappropriation de l’objet culturel par les fugueurs, procédant à une véritable démocratisation de la culture élitiste. Le quatrième chapitre sera enfin consacré au mouvement des fugueurs dans l’espace et dans le temps. Nous y verrons comment les fugueurs, intermédiaires entre la ville et sa banlieue mais aussi entre le paradis perdu du pays d’origine et le désarroi des parents immigrés, provoquent la relecture de l’histoire des générations passées tout en gardant un œil critique sur l’avenir. / The purpose of this master’s thesis is to study the dynamic figure of the runaway in the writing of Leïla Sebbar. Mohamed in “Le Chinois Vert d’Afrique” (1982) and Shérazade in “Shérazade, 17 ans, brune, frisée, les yeux verts” (1984), personifie a reality that the young descendants of the North African immigration must encounter, torn between the cultural codes of the country of origin and the country of birth. The blend of the characters’ culture and their constant mobility reassess the dominant social discourse during a time when France was torn between the aspirations of a national unity and colonial history. The first chapter examines the cultural blend of the runaways with the pictorial representation and its place in the formation of the young protagonists’ identity. In light of these observations, the second part of the thesis will focus on the characters’ awareness of the Other’s perception. The stereotypical suburban teenager lacking culture resulting in the character feeling out of place is being questioned. The breakdown of the “cliché” in the third chapter will address the importance of culture by characters, allowing for a democratization of an upper class culture. The fourth chapter is devoted to the movement of the runaways in space and time. Between the city and its suburbs, the lost paradise that Algeria represents, and the distress of the parents that have left their beloved country, the last part of this study will focus on the characters’ contribution to the rewriting of the history of past and future generations.

The American Civil War resulted in lasting consequences for the British Empire’s remote Pacific colonies of British Columbia and Vancouver Island. Britons in the colonies mobilized to address the issue of defending against a potential American attack. Despite concerns surrounding the possibility of an American invasion, the conflict increased solidarity towards the United States, as public opinion in British Columbia and Vancouver Island became more pro-Union through the course of the American Civil War, with local residents regularly celebrating holidays like the Fourth of July. Local newspapers welcomed efforts by the American government to finally abolish slave labour, yet Victoria’s African American community continued to face racial discrimination, which was often blamed on resident Southerners. The conflict ultimately helped in improving public perceptions of the United States, but not without raising significant fears of American military might on the continent. / Graduate

[pt] A biografia intelectual de Luiz Camillo de Oliveira Netto foi construída a partir de antigas anotações que mostram a marca fundadora de sua personalidade: Itabira e o povo do Girau. Desde seu primeiro trabalho, percebe-se como a pequena cidade calçada de ferro era o núcleo moral de sua personalidade, Itabira com seus parentes mortos e vivos, sua paisagem circunspecta, sua tradição, seu estilo. Daí sairiam seu amor aos estudos históricos e seu destino de intelectual, pesquisador e ativista político. Seu arquivo constitui-se em fonte primária, inédita; possui interesse para os pesquisadores que desejem compreender os limites e a importância da sua atuação no mundo da cultura e da política e entender, através dos seus olhos, o espírito do tempo em que viveu. As cartas e demais documentos com os quais se trabalhou datam em sua maior parte de momento cultural e histórico preciso, situado entre 1904-1953, no ponto de encontro de diferentes fatores que os fazem objeto da história, da sociologia, dos gêneros literários; desses documentos, acrescidos de entrevistas com pessoas que com ele conviveram, retiraram-se temas e preocupações do mundo intelectual brasileiro e a caracterização de uma época - com mapeamento de mentalidades, entrelaçamento de relações de amizade, parentesco e trabalho. / [en] Luiz Camillo de Oliveira Netto s intellectual biography is reconstructed on the basis of old jottings that point to the founding mark of his personality: the town of Itabira and the people of Girau. Since his first job, it is clear that the small, iron-paved town was the moral core of his personality - Itabira with its dead and living relatives, its reserved landscape, its traditions, its style. This was the origin of his love for the study of history and his destiny as an intellectual, researcher, and political activist. His archive includes primary and unpublished sources; it holds interest for researchers who would like to understand the limits and importance of his activities in the cultural and political world and to grasp, from his perspective, the spirit of the times he lived in. Most of the letters and documents upon which this work is based date from a precise cultural and historical moment: between 1904 and 1953. These materials are located at the intersection of different factors which make them the object of history, sociology, and literary genres; from these documents, to which were added interviews with people who lived around him, were drawn themes and concerns of the Brazilian intellectual world and the characterization of a historical period, with the mapping out of mentalities, the interlacing of relationships between friends, family members and fellow workers.

No description available.

This thesis is a revised history of the Royal Niger Company. It seeks to include perspectives and narratives missing from the company's history. These are the contribution of its African employees to the company's trading and military operations as well as the link between the company's need for managers and skilled artisans that could work in the disease climate of the Niger with the rise of a new social class in West Africa. This class here, referred to as Anglicized Africans, came into existence as Africans acquired western education and artisan training in missionary schools on the West Coast of Africa. Without the Anglicized Africans, maintaining trading stations and steam vessels on the Niger would not have been possible. At the same time, working for the company gave Anglicized Africans opportunities for material and social advancement not available to other indigenous people. The Anglicized Africans who worked with the RNC in the early colonial phase of company rule would later play a critical role in colonial politics and anti-colonial nationalism. This study draws attention to their antecedents to help us better understand their later role in the colonial and post-colonial states. The thesis also explores how the company's operations affected existing social and political structures in West Africa. The most significant conflicts were the company's wars with the Nembe Kingdom and the Sokoto Caliphate. The internal political changes within the Nembe Kingdom due to the Akassa War have not been discussed in previous company histories. This revised history of the company explains how conflict with the RNC caused the balance of power within the Nembe state to shift to a previously marginalized Christian faction led by Anglicized Africans. The thesis also expands on the company's operation of a fully functioning army of African and European soldiers, the largest British fighting force on the Niger from 1886 to 1899. The tactics and strategy of this semi-autonomous military force are explored for the first time, and the integration of the Constabulary into the West African Frontier Force is covered in more detail than has previously been done. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis is a revised history of the Royal Niger Company. It seeks to include perspectives and narratives missing from the company's history. Previous histories of the company have not sufficiently included the perspectives of the Africans who interacted with the company as employees, customers, competitors, and adversaries. This dissertation seeks to remedy this problem by using archival sources to glean information about the lives and perspectives of these Africans. It also covers the conflicts between the company and indigenous polities, especially the Akassa War, in more detail than has previously been done. It also seeks to clarify the somewhat muddled history of the transition of the Royal Niger Constabulary into the West African Frontier Force. The Constabulary was a precursor of the Frontier Force, and the transition of its personnel and traditions into the new force is one of the lasting legacies of the company.

Die vorliegende Dissertation bietet eine Ethnographie über die Musealisierung der Migration in Paris und Berlin an. Die Autorin stellt fest, dass trotz klarer Unterschiede zwischen den beiden nationalen, politischen Landschaften, viele Differenzen verschwinden, wenn die Kolonialgeschichte berücksichtigt wird. Die Arbeit kombiniert Ethnographien und Theorien und zeigt auf, wie die Repräsentation der Migration an die Kolonial – und Imperialgeschichte gebunden ist. Dies bedeutet, dass ältere Repräsentationen der „Anderen” (wie “Eingeborenen/Primitiven“) immer noch präsent sind, und zwar als Teil der Repräsentationen von „Immigranten“. Aus dieser Perspektive werden Bilder von “Europa” und den “Anderen” neu konfiguriert. Die Arbeit zeigt weiterhin, dass in Frankreich und Deutschland die jeweiligen Repräsentationen der „Anderen/Immigranten“ sehr ähnlich sind, denn in beiden Ländern steht die Migrationsmusealisierung für eine selektive Integration von Diversität und Mobilität in den jeweiligen nationalen Gemeinschaften. Dennoch, und auch das zeigt die Arbeit, werden die Bilder des „nationalen/Eigenen“ in beiden Ländern unterschiedlich gestaltet. Aufgrund dessen emergieren zwei Felder: eine Europäische Zone (von EU-Mitgliedern) und eine Nichteuropäische Zone (von sog. „Immigranten“). Die Disertation analysiert das konfliktive Aufeinandertreffen der beiden Felder im Museum mit Hilfe des Konzepts der Kontaktzonen. Dieses Konzept ermöglicht eine ethnographische Annäherung an komplexe Diskussionen über Moderne, Gender, Rassismus, Nationalismus und Staatsbürgerschaft, welche immer in Debatten zum Thema Migration auftauchen. Darüber hinaus reflektiert die Arbeit den Impact dieser Konflikte auf das Europäische und nationale Kollektivgedächtnis aus einer Machtperspektive. Somit bietet sie eine Reflextion über Europäische und nationale Erinnerungslandschaften an und schlägt vor, dass diese aus verschiedenen formen kollektiver Gedächtnisse zusammengesetzt werden können. / This dissertation is an ethnography about the field of the museumization of migration in Paris and Berlin. After having begun with a recognition of the visible differences between the national landscapes of France and Germany, the ethographer’s conclusion shifted into the opposite direction: the differences at the level of the “national” actually blur when colonial and imperial history are taken into account. Based on a combination of ethnographies and theory, this thesis shows how the representation of migration is historically connected with colonial history. This means that former representations of the “other” (the “indigenous” and the “primitive”) continue to exist today, but now attached to the figure of the “immigrant”. From this perspective, images of “Europe” and its “others” emerge anew in the present context. This thesis shows how, in both France and Germany, respective representations of the “others/immigrants” are very similar. In both countries, official representations of migration stand for how each nation selects and integrates diversity and mobility into the national narrative. On the other hand, images of the “national self” differ drastically between France and Germany. In this way, two distinctive fields emerge, namely: the European zone (made up of EU-nationals) and the non-European zone (made up of so called “immigrants”). In this thesis, the (conflicting) coming together of both fields at the museum is approached through the concept of the contact zone. This concept allows an ethnographic approach towards complex discussions about modernity, gender, racism, nationhood and citizenship – all of which emerge through the topic of migration. Finally, this thesis reflects on the impact of these conflicts on the making of “European” and “national” collective memories by looking at these debates from a power perspective and thus opening the path for the coexistence of collective memories in the public spaces of national and European landscapes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Crisney Tritapeppi Ferreira.pdf: 722810 bytes, checksum: 732bab8fd14a78c9b984dbf550e26530 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-31 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This paper's objective is the study of the education in the XVIII century Capitania de São Paulo gatherings, between the to came jesuits expelling and the pombalinas public instructions reforms. The proof method developed by the historian Carlo Ginburg is the reference to analyse this micro-history. The oraganization of thie study is based on the hgistoric of gatherings creation, indian population ethnic indentification, pombalinas reforms creations and the conflict with the jesuits, that ended up making possilbe the creation of a civil directory to the indian population and the indians education's orientation directed to the work and n ot ot the elementaries studies (read, write and tell) / O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo da educação nos aldeamentos da Capitania de São Paulo no século XVIII, entre o advento da expulsão dos jesuítas e as reformas pombalinas da instrução pública. O método indiciário desenvolvido pelo historiador Carlo Ginzburg é o referencial para analisar esta micro-história. A organização deste estudo se desenvolve com base no histórico da criação dos aldeamentos, da identificação étnica das populações indígenas, da instauração das reformas pombalinas e do conflito com os jesuítas, o que acabou permeando a criação de um diretório civil para as populações indígenas e a orientação da educação indígena voltada para o trabalho e não para os estudos elementares (ler, escrever e contar)