This thesis deals with advertising images. It contributes to discussion about position of image in present visual field. It also speaks about influence of image on contemporary society. The starting point and theoretical basis are Visual studies. The main ideas are applied to two different constructs of reality, both are tendentious. The first is vision, ideologically and politically constructed during authoritarian socialist regime. The second is current globalized consumer society. In the practical part of the thesis, the analysis focuses on the advertisements of Skoda Auto Company, used in both mentioned visual modes in the Czech Republic in the 20th century. Key words: picture, visual studies, iconology, advertising, globalization, consumer society, propaganda, image.

This work deals with the indebtedness of consumers. It examines the causes of the debotrs themselves. Based on a secondary analysis of past research in the area of financial literacy, consumer behavior, statistical data, but also of qualitative research in the form of case study seeks to answer the question why the debtor becomes the debtor, the extent to which the indebtedness and indebtedness viewed as rational behavior but also if the debtor is accompanied by rational reasoning or irrational behavior. It concludes that the debtor can not be considered entirely rational. Applied policy then the issue of over-indebtedness problem takes into account the irrational assumptions by the debtor only marginally and does not reflect as one of its main causes.

This work deals with the indebtedness of consumers. It examines the causes of the debotrs themselves. Based on a secondary analysis of past research in the area of financial literacy, consumer behavior, statistical data, but also of qualitative research in the form of case study seeks to answer the question why the debtor becomes the debtor, the extent to which the indebtedness and indebtedness viewed as rational behavior but also if the debtor is accompanied by rational reasoning or irrational behavior. It concludes that the debtor can not be considered entirely rational. Applied policy then the issue of over-indebtedness problem takes into account the irrational assumptions by the debtor only marginally and does not reflect as one of its main causes.

This thesis explores how the topic of sustainable consumption has been discussed in Swedish policy-making between 1992–2022 by analysing policy documents including government official reports, government bills and government communications. The aim of the thesis is to understand how consumption has been discussed and problematised from a sustainability perspective in Sweden over time. The analysis is conducted through a qualitative policy analysis drawing from Carol Lee Bacchi’s approach ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be?’ to scrutinise how problems of consumption are represented in Swedish policy. The result shows that the sustainability aspect of consumption has moved from focusing exclusively on environmental issues in the 1990’s to include all three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental and social) in the 2010’s. There is no unanimous and clear definition of sustainable consumption in the documents. Rather, the definition of the term can best be interpreted through what areas and measures that are discussed, which vary over time. The proposed measures show a varying degree of state involvement in changing consumption patterns, however, there are no coercive measures which leaves it to the individual consumer to choose whether to consume sustainably or not. The main conclusion of this study is that Swedish sustainable consumption policy has been based on the assumption of growth as a prerequisite for welfare, and of consumption as a prerequisite for growth, which has resulted in a maintenance of the growth paradigm and an avoidance of questioning the scale of consumption and the consumer society itself.

This MA thesis deals with the masculine identity of the three main male characters of Chuck Palahniuk's early novels Fight Club, Survivor and Choke. It consists of two parts. The first theoretical part briefly explores anthropological and sociological notions of masculinity, with the focus on the manhood in the contemporary USA. As such it serves as the theoretical basis for the second part of literary interpretation. There the masculine identity of the three main characters is discussed. As all the three characters experience the same development of masculine identity, the interpretation advances along this progress. Its stages are identity crisis, turning to the traditional male strategies, rejecting those strategies and searching the basis of one's identity in a personal relationship.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rachel Eid Polito.pdf: 6861239 bytes, checksum: 8c0c87e51b1d1f085def559818abc5f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / The society which consumes, consumption society, or as Slater (2002) says the consumption culture, does not evolve alone and constantly receives external influences enhanced by the act and forms of communication (the way people communicate) and by mass communication media. With new technologies, consumption has another influential factor and the identities of the young adult (categorized here from 20 to 35 years) start to be established in a different way, because the presence of environments that changes constantly. This study intends to analyze more specifically the role that the change brought by new technologies has in the universe of this young adult, both socially and professionally. It becomes essential to study the behavior of young adults when consuming the new technology, and this research much more than simply dealing with online purchases will address technology, specifically social networking, as a form consumption. Also it is considered how companies start looking for new professionals by using or not these new technologies, considering the process since the recruitment of the professional up to the researching of their profiles, and how they suffer the influence of young adult who uses social networks and works in the company. Therefore, the study also includes how this phenomenon young adult versus technology versus company, dialog and interact, always considering communication as its cornerstone. / A sociedade que consome, sociedade do consumo, ou como afirma Slater (2002) a cultura de consumo, não caminha sozinha e recebe constantemente influências externas potencializadas pelo ato e formas de comunicação (a maneira como as pessoas se comunicam) e pelos meios de comunicação de massa. Com as novas tecnologias, o consumo passa a ter mais um fator influenciador e as identidades do jovem adulto (aqui categorizado de 20 a 35 anos) passam a ser estabelecidas de forma diferente, já que os ambientes se alteram constantemente. Neste estudo, pretende-se analisar mais especificamente o papel que a mudança causada pelas novas tecnologias tem no universo desse jovem adulto, tanto social quanto profissionalmente. É ponto fundamental estudar o comportamento do jovem adulto ao consumir a nova tecnologia. Aqui muito mais do que simplesmente tratar de compras online, trataremos da tecnologia, mais especificamente redes sociais, como um produto de consumo. Já pelo lado das empresas, é necessário estudar como as empresas passam a procurar os novos profissionais utilizando ou não essas novas tecnologias, desde a captação do profissional até a pesquisa dos seus perfis e como sofrem a influência do jovem adulto que consome as redes sociais e trabalha na empresa. Portanto, o estudo engloba também como esse fenômeno jovem adulto X empresa X tecnologia, conversam e interagem, sempre considerando que a comunicação é o pilar fundamental desse estudo.

The aim of the study is to investigate various aspects of child poverty related to the work at youth centers. The purpose of the study is also to investigate experiences of the area in which the youth center is located. In order to investigate the purpose and questions of the study, six individual interviews have been conducted with the staff at a youth center located in a suburb in Stockholm city. The empirical material has been analyzed based on theories of class and consumer society. The study answers three questions with the first one describing the staff’s view of the area in which the youth center is located, as well as what effects these descriptions may have on their clientele. The remaining issues deals with the social consequences of child poverty which the staff identify and work counteracting. The study's conclusions show that the relative child poverty can adversely affect the social life of youths. It can cause difficulties in the maintaining of social relationships with peers and create feelings such as shame, fear and exclusion. This is explained by the demands placed on individuals to achieve a desirable class and consumer level. The study also showsthat the area’s character has an impact on the clientele. Furthermore, the study concludes that the youth center is working actively against the social consequences via inclusion, health and care. / Syftet med studien är att undersöka olika aspekter av barnfattigdom kopplat till fritidsgårdars arbete. Syftet är även att undersöka upplevelser av det område som verksamheten ligger i. För att undersöka studiens syfte och frågeställningar har sex stycken enskilda intervjuer genomförts med personal på en fritidsgård belägen i en närförort till Stockholms stad. Empirin har sedan analyserats utifrån teorier om klass och konsumtionssamhället. Studien svarar på tre frågeställningar och den första beskriver personalens uppfattning av området som fritidsgården är belägen i, samt vad dessa kan ha för betydelse för deras klientel. Resterande frågeställningar behandlar de sociala konsekvenser av barnfattigdom som personalen på fritidsgården identifierar och arbetar mot. Studiens slutsatser visar på att den relativa barnfattigdomen kan påverka ungdomars sociala liv negativt. Det kan därmed medföra svårigheter att upprätthålla sociala relationer till jämnåriga samt känslor av skam, rädsla och utanförskap. Detta förklarat utifrån de krav som ställs på individer att uppnå en eftersträvad klass och konsumtionsnivå. Studien kommer även fram till att områdets karaktär påverkar vilka ungdomar som väljer att besöka fritidsgården. Till sist drar studien slutsatser om att fritidsgården aktivt arbetar mot de sociala konsekvenserna genom inkludering, hälsa och omsorg.

Com o intuito de pensar sobre a peculiaridade dos impasses relativos à formação dos mais novos no contexto de uma sociedade de consumidores, recorremos ao que Hannah Arendt e Jacques Rancière propuseram acerca da relação entre arte e política. De acordo com Arendt, um dos desafios impostos à tarefa dos mais velhos de introduzir os recém-chegados ao mundo numa sociedade de consumidores diz respeito ao modo como temos nos relacionado com a herança cultural que o passado nos legou. Isso porque destruímos os objetos culturais que ajudam a constituir um mundo comum na medida em que os transformamos em meios de entretenimento, passíveis de serem consumidos. Se partimos da reflexão sobre o fenômeno da arte como uma das formas privilegiadas de compreender o que é esse mundo comum ao qual os adultos devem introduzir as crianças é porque, segundo Arendt, as obras de arte são os objetos culturais máximos que devem ser salvos da ruína da destruição ou do esquecimento. Rancière, por sua vez, afirma que a arte e a política podem contribuir para que possamos reconfigurar as coisas comuns, mesmo no contexto da sociedade homogênea e consensual da qual fazemos parte. Elas podem romper com a distribuição dos espaços, das competências e incompetências de acordo com o lugar que ocupamos na sociedade, contribuindo para forjarmos contra o consenso outras formas de senso comum. Podemos pensar, então, sobre um sentido formativo da arte a partir da possibilidade de reconfigurarmos outras formas de convívio que ligam sujeitos ou grupos em torno de uma outra comunidade de palavras e coisas, formas e significados. Rancière não parece acreditar, nesse sentido, apenas na destruição do que há em comum entre os homens numa sociedade marcada pela lógica do consumo. Ele afirma que a transição dos objetos e produtos do mundo da arte para a esfera da utilidade e da mercadoria pode romper com o curso uniforme do tempo, alterando o estatuto dos objetos e a relação entre os signos e as formas de arte, de modo que possamos nos apropriar ativamente do mundo comum. Nesse contexto, acreditamos que a escola pode se configurar como um recorte no tempo e no espaço da produção e do consumo, em que podemos oferecer aos recém-chegados a possibilidade de pertencerem ao comum do mundo. Talvez numa época em que as coisas mais corriqueiras podem adentrar a esfera da arte, propondo outras formas de experiência sensível, a educação tenha, mesmo num contexto de crise, a possibilidade aberta e sempre renovada de convidar os mais novos a adentrar a imensa floresta de coisas e signos que constituem o mundo comum. / In order to analyze the peculiarity of the dispute over the education of the newcomers in a consumer society, we call upon what Hannah Arendt and Jacques Rancière proposed about the relationship between art and politics. In line with Arendt, one of the challenges faced by the adults when introducing newcomers to the world in a consumer society refers to the way we deal with the cultural heritage that has been transmitted to us from the past. We destroy the cultural objects that help provide a common world as we transform them into consumable media entertainment. We begin by considering the art as a privileged way of understanding this common world in which adults introduce children because, according to Arendt, the art works are cultural objects par excellence that must be protected from ruin of destruction or oblivion. Rancière, in turn, says that art and politics support the reconfiguration of common things, even in the context of homogeneous and consensual society to which we belong. They can break with the use of spaces, the competence and incompetence with respect to our place in society, contributing to forge consensus against different forms of common sense. We can think about an educational sense of art out of the possibility of configuration of different forms of living together that bind men and groups around a different community of words and things, forms and meanings. Rancière does not seem to believe only in the destruction of what is common among men in a society ruled by the logic of consumption. He says that the transition of the objects and products from the art world to the sphere of utility and commodity may break the uniform course of time, changing the status of objects and the relationship between signs and art forms, so we can actively appropriate the common world. In this context, we believe that school can be configured as a cutout in time and space of production and consumption, in which we can offer newcomers the opportunity to belong to the common world. Perhaps in a time when the most ordinary things can enter the sphere of art, proposing other forms of sensitive experience, education has even in times of crisis the open and constantly renewed possibility to invite the young to enter the vast forest of things and signs that constitute the common world.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-28T10:23:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 William Cornetta.pdf: 1598745 bytes, checksum: a7acfc2132a55dd57687debe3da6b8cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T10:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 William Cornetta.pdf: 1598745 bytes, checksum: a7acfc2132a55dd57687debe3da6b8cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / The background theme of this work is the consumer society, in particular the obsolescence as a technique applied to products. Considering the disposable consumer context accepted and adopted by the current society, we intend to demonstrate that obsolescence is an artifice used in the production to induce repetitive consumption and at the same time the protective and reparatory mechanisms provided for under the Brazilian Consumer Law (“CDC”) are fragile to protect consumers against such practices. Therefore, it must be understood the artifice of obsolescence in practice and some cases will be used to demonstrate their presence in products placed on the market, from there, analyze the existence of preventive or reparatory mechanisms at the CDC for consumer protection. As methodological support, research adopts the main instruments deductive reasoning and the technical literature. After the introduction, the framework that supports the study develops into seven chapters, specifically for: dealing with consumer society, history, concept and typology of obsolescence, and application of device obsolescence in society according to the typology of Giles Slade (obsolescence technical, psychological obsolescence and planned obsolescence); and confront each obsolescence mode with preventive mechanisms and willing reparatory the CDC to establish the existence or not (brittleness) of consumer protection in this endeavor. The study also collates some specific cases such as the case of Ford vs. General Motors, fashion and design, Phoebus Cartel, Windows and Intel Association, among others. In conclusion, it can be said that obsolescence is the resource or strategy used by many providers to induce consumers to perform repetitive purchases of products motivated by psychological factors, technological, functional or mercadológicos, and the CDC has no preventive mechanisms or robust reparatory for consumer protection against deliberate practice of planned obsolescence / O tema pano de fundo deste trabalho é a sociedade de consumo, em especial a obsolescência como técnica aplicada aos produtos. Considerando o contexto de consumo descartável aceito e adotado pela sociedade atual, pretende-se demonstrar que a obsolescência é um artifício utilizado na produção para induzir ao consumo repetitivo e que os mecanismos reparatórios e protetivos previstos no âmbito da legislação consumerista (CDC) são frágeis para defender o consumidor contra essas práticas. Para tanto, será necessário conhecer o artifício da obsolescência na prática e alguns cases que demonstram a sua presença nos produtos colocados no mercado, para, a partir daí, analisar a existência ou não de mecanismos preventivos ou reparatórios no CDC para a proteção do consumidor. Como apoio metodológico, a pesquisa adota como principais instrumentos o raciocínio dedutivo e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Após a introdução, o referencial que dá suporte ao estudo se desenvolve em sete capítulos, especificamente para: tratar de sociedade de consumo, história, conceito e tipologia da obsolescência, e aplicação do artifício da obsolescência na sociedade segundo a tipologia de Giles Slade (obsolescência técnica, obsolescência psicológica e obsolescência programada); e confrontar cada modalidade de obsolescência com os mecanismos preventivos e reparátorios dispostos no CDC para constatar a existência ou não (fragilidade) de proteção do consumidor nesta seara. O estudo também coteja alguns casos específicos como o caso de Ford vs. General Motors, moda e design, Cartel de Phoebus, associação Windows e Intel, entre outros. Como conclusão, pode-se dizer que a obsolescência é o recurso ou estratégia utilizado por muitos fornecedores para induzir os consumidores a realizar compras repetitivas de produtos motivados por fatores psicológicos, tecnológicos, funcionais ou mercadológicos, e que o CDC não dispõe de mecanismos preventivos ou reparatórios robustos para a defesa do consumidor contra práticas deliberadas de obsolescência programada

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edgar Souza Santos.pdf: 92405246 bytes, checksum: a03fe5dcab3e46073c3e9d15631fc4b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In the first decades of the twentieth century capitalist society underwent a profound process of transformation. The advances in the field of science and technology have substantially changed the production relations, and imposed on the West and later the world, the logic of a consumer society. This change was due to the emergence and assertion of power as the main fuel of the new company. Two factors were responsible for this transformation: the need for viable investments in the electricity sector, which was only possible with the production and introduction of appliances within the homes, as well as running these ads in technical objects present in entertainment magazines. The years 1940 and 1950 represented a timely moment in the process of building a society based on consumption, which led to the transformation of social areas in particular, the spaces of the home. The insertion of appliances in homes printed a radical transformation in everyday practices of the housewife at home, which can be perceived, while the narratives written text and imagery, present in ads polishers, blenders, air circulators, coolers, blenders, radios televisions, among others. By spreading the idea that it was necessary to modernize the home and that would only be possible by acquiring a diverse range of technical devices, ads for household appliances introduced in the sign of speed and modernity. This research has sought to reflect and problematize the process of building the modern idea of home from different narratives represented in ads for household appliances, gifts in entertainment magazines in Brazil, in the years 1940-50 / Nas primeiras décadas do século XX a sociedade capitalista passou por um profundo processo de transformação. Os avanços ocorridos no campo das ciências e das tecnologias modificaram substancialmente as relações de produção e, impuseram ao Ocidente e posteriormente ao mundo, à lógica de uma sociedade de consumo. Essa mudança deveu-se ao surgimento e a afirmação da energia elétrica como o principal combustível dessa nova sociedade. Dois fatores foram responsáveis por essa transformação: a necessidade de viabilizar os investimentos no setor da eletricidade, que só foi possível com a produção e introdução dos eletrodomésticos no interior dos lares, como também a veiculação desses objetos técnicos nos anúncios presentes nas revistas de variedades. Os anos de 1940 e 1950 representaram um momento pontual no processo de construção de uma sociedade pautada no consumo, o que acarretou a transformação dos espaços de sociabilidade em específico, os espaços do lar. A inserção dos eletrodomésticos nos lares imprimiu uma transformação radical nas práticas cotidianas da dona-de-casa, que pode ser percebida, nas narrativas enquanto texto escrito e imagético, presentes nos anúncios de enceradeiras, liquidificadores, circuladores de ar, refrigeradores, batedeiras, rádios, televisores entre outros. Ao difundir a ideia de que era necessário modernizar o lar e, que isso só seria possível, ao adquirir uma gama diversificada de aparelhos técnicos, os anúncios de eletrodomésticos introduziram nos lares o signo da velocidade e da modernidade. Essa pesquisa buscou refletir e problematizar esse processo de construção da ideia de lar moderno a partir das diferentes narrativas representadas nos anúncios de eletrodomésticos, presentes nas revistas de variedades, no Brasil, nos anos de 1940-50