Anecdotal evidence supports the belief among indigent individuals who are assigned defense counsel that they would be better represented by privately retained counsel. This perspective jeopardizes attorney effectiveness by reducing communication and trust between the attorney and client. Research on the effectiveness of counsel is sparse. The purpose of this quantitative study was to bridge this gap in knowledge by comparing the effectiveness of privately retained and publicly appointed counsel between 2008 and 2013, both before and after the imposition of state-wide compensation limitations on publicly appointed defense counsel. The theoretical framework was Stuntz's theory, which stresses that one part of the criminal justice system will be compensated for elsewhere in the system. Research questions focused on the success rates of publicly funded and privately retained counsel in jury trials in a large state district court in New England. Data were collected from court records and analyzed using tests of proportions and a binary logistic regression to determine the success rates of the types of counsel and whether appointed counsels' relative effectiveness changed after the compensation limitations were imposed in 2011. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in acquittal rates between counsel groups or for either counsel group before and after the imposition of the statewide compensation limits. Implications for positive social change include educating defendants on the effectiveness of publicly appointed counsel to enhance the trust within these attorney-client relationships, and improving the quality of discourse in legislative deliberations focused on weighing budget cuts to appointed counsel compensation with the risk to the fair administration of justice.

No description available.

No description available.

The title of the thesis: The Identification of Substances in Real Samples Using Portable Raman Spectrometer The portable Raman spectrometer Ahura First Defender is a device designated for identifying unrecognized solid and liquid substances. The aim of this diploma thesis was to test the efficiency of the portable Raman spectrometer First Defender and to draw up a draft of the methodology for its manipulation. The objects of the investigation were the accuracy of results and collection of findings coming out of measuring tests using the device mentioned above. The introduction part briefly describes problems of chemical monitoring within Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. As a partly solution of the problems could be the use of the portable spectrometer First Defender. Further are described problems of sampling and possibilities of sample detection through means of chemical reconnaissance. As next, there is described the device itself including the principle of Raman effect that allows the device to identify unrecognized solid and liquid chemical substances. The practical part explains the procedure and the way of applied measuring tests when using the device. The results are summarized in charts and the percentage of successful performed tests analyzed in charts. Findings concerning the manipulation with the device, methods for sample modification and the influence of sample matrix on the identification of selected chemicals in observed samples are introduced in the discussion. Professional knowledge and experience were used to draw up guidelines for the identification of substances in real samples conceived as general informational source describing procedures, rules, and recommendations. Upon all outcomes and findings, there was confirmed the hypothesis of greatly beneficial using Raman spectrometer in Fire Protection Units when identifying unknown substances at places of intervention at the end of the thesis.

This diploma work is aimed at the use of infrared spectrometry by Fire Brigade Units of the Czech Republic. A new portable instrument True Defender FT produced by Ahura was used for this purpose. It was lent by the Institute of Citizens´Protection in Lázně Bohdaneč. The goal of this work is to get acquainted with this instrument and to evaluate its ability to identify unknown substances. Experimental part was aimed at the testing of this spectrometer with the help of model sample set, containing samples from real situations solved by members of Fire Brigade Units of the Czech Republic. Possibilities of mobile infrared spectometer True Defender FT and mobile Raman spectometer First Defender are finally compared.

O período pós Constituição Federal de 1988 foi marcado por intensas conquistas normativas sobre as cidades, com legislações avançadas, porém, que não resultaram em uma mudança significativa de concepção de políticas públicas ou na jurisprudência dos Tribunais. A pressuposição do Direito como um sistema autônomo, neutro e universal, que traz soluções para todos os casos concretos, por meio do método dogmático, não permite que se chegue a justificativas satisfatórias para esta inefetividade. A presente dissertação pretende apresentar uma análise sobre como se desenvolve a disputa pelo direito à cidade no campo jurídico, explicitando as abordagens com que este tema é tratado na prática jurídica. Por meio da observação de casos concretos em que há o confronto entre instituições e profissionais jurídicos, busca-se demonstrar como estes concorrem pelo monopólio de impor sua visão de mundo, mascarando as relações de poder pelo discurso jurídico. Além disso, utiliza-se da tópica jurídica para avaliar, em cada caso, como o pensamento dos juristas se desenvolve diante dos problemas aparentemente insolucionáveis. Tomando por base tal metodologia, visa-se a uma apresentação do jogo de poder em torno do direito à cidade que ocorre no campo jurídico, avaliando-se quais as possibilidades da concepção do direito à cidade numa lógica de justiça social, ser consolidada e aplicada efetivamente, conferindo à parcela mais frágil da população o acesso aos bens e serviços da cidade. / The period after the Federal Constitution of 1988 was marked by intense normative achievements over the cities, with advanced legislation, however, which did not result in a significant change in the conception of public policies or in the jurisprudence of the Courts. The presupposition of Law as an autonomous, neutral and universal system, which brings solutions to all concrete cases, through the dogmatic method, does not allow us to arrive at satisfactory justifications for this ineffectiveness. The present dissertation intends to present an analysis on how the dispute for the right to the city in the juridical field develops, explaining the approaches with which this subject is treated in the legal practice. Through the observation of concrete cases in which there is a confrontation between legal institutions and professionals, it is sought to demonstrate how they compete for the monopoly of imposing their world view, masking the relations of power by the legal discourse. In addition, it uses the legal topics to assess, in each case, how the thinking of lawyers develops in the face of seemingly unsolvable problems. Based on this methodology, it is aimed at a presentation of the power game around the right to the city that occurs in the legal field, evaluating the possibilities of the conception of the right to the city in a logic of social justice, being consolidated and applied effectively, giving the most fragile part of the population access to the goods and services of the city.

Assistência Jurídica aos Necessitados: Concepção Contemporânea e Análise de Efetividade. Dissertação de Mestrado. Aborda os conceitos de justiça gratuita, assistência judiciária e assistência jurídica. Verifica o tratamento atual quanto ao atendimento das pessoas físicas e jurídicas pela Defensoria Pública, entidades não governamentais, universitárias e pelos advogados liberais. Apresenta parâmetros para atendimento do interessado. Analisa o entendimento dos tribunais quanto à comprovação da pobreza em juízo e a questão do abuso do direito. / Legal Aid to the needy: Contemporary Study and Analysis of Effectiveness. Thesis. The study focuses the concepts of free justice, legal aid and legal assistance. It takes into consideration the current treatment about the care of individuals and corporations by the Public Defender Office, the non-governmental entities, universities and the liberal lawyers. Presents parameters for the service concerned. Analyzes the understanding of the courts as to prove poverty in legal proceedings and the issue of abuse of rights.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Carolina Carvalho de Carlos.pdf: 2926802 bytes, checksum: e9c5467c0390433fc17d72a58fb9bd81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-18 / This research, "The Public Defender of Presidente Prudente / SP as the sociooccupational social work", aimed to reveal the social reality of the social worker acting in the Public Defender of Presidente Prudente, based on approximations of the concrete day-to-day work as well as present the identity of the profession inoccupational social space, besides enabling the construction of questions and concerns so that they may contribute to improving the quality of care, considering its importance in the protection, achievement and accomplishment of social rights. To support the analysis was performed on bibliographical research and field, having as theorical Social Services, the area socio-legal and justice.Starting from a historical reflection on social rights, presented the Public Defender as an important institution in the legal and social areas, focusing on the Regional Presidente Prudente / SP. We also carried out a carefully field research with social workers working in this field, by analyzing the critical points that stood out in interviews. The survey was complemented with the Regional Database, from whichwere evidenced by the prevailing demands and reflect the failure of social policies in their respective areas, the main ones being social care and health. And finally proposals are made for intervention by Social Services in the sociooccupational, and the ethical-political project as a reference horizon and the humanization of care in the areas of socio-legal field / A presente pesquisa, A Defensoria Pública de Presidente Prudente/SP como espaço sócio-ocupacional do Serviço Social , teve como objetivo desvelar a realidade social de atuação do Assistente Social na Defensoria Pública de Presidente Prudente, com base em aproximações concretas do dia-a-dia de trabalho, bem como apresentar a identidade da profissão nesse espaço sócio ocupacional, além de propiciar a construção de questionamentos e problematizações afim de que possam contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade dos atendimentos, considerando sua importância na proteção, conquista e efetivação de direitos sociais. Para fundamentar a análise foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, tendo como referenciais teóricos o Serviço Social, a área sócio-jurídica e a Justiça. Parte-se de uma reflexão histórica sobre os direitos sociais, apresenta-se a Defensoria Pública como importante Instituição na área jurídica e social, focando na Regional de Presidente Prudente/SP. Foi realizada também cuidadosa pesquisa de campo com os Assistentes Sociais que atuam nesta área, analisando de forma crítica os pontos que mais se destacaram nas entrevistas realizadas. A pesquisa foi complementada com o Banco de Dados da Regional a partir do qual ficaram evidenciadas as demandas prevalecentes e que refletem a insuficiência das políticas sociais nas respectivas áreas, sendo as principais, assistência social e saúde. E finalmente são apresentadas propostas de atuação para o Serviço Social neste espaço sócio-ocupacional, tendo o Projeto ético-político como um referencial e como horizonte a humanização dos atendimentos nas áreas do campo sócio-judiciário

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-09T16:59:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabel Cristina Gonçalves Bernardes.pdf: 2165834 bytes, checksum: 7ef48c6ef0bf7bc92d6a2e0baeaab0ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T16:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabel Cristina Gonçalves Bernardes.pdf: 2165834 bytes, checksum: 7ef48c6ef0bf7bc92d6a2e0baeaab0ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / To investigate the care provided by Defenders of the Public Defender of the State of São Paulo to the question of violence against women appearing in the screening of the institution. Rationale: Surpass the logic behind the practices of violence against women, domestically and in the public and institutional scopes is one of the biggest challenges of Brazil, according CPMI Final Report on violence against women, delivered in August 2013 for Senate and Congress. The Public Defender is a fundamental key to this challenge be won, to understand modes, strategies and difficulties of professionals that participate in the initial reception of the legal requirements with respect to this issue is the first step to achieve the eradication this type of violence. Theoretical and methodological aspects: To support this work, we use the discussion of Guacira Lopes Louro about gender stereotypes and Agnes Heller about the naturalization of experienced situations daily and linking them to the current literature on the issues of violence against women and the understanding of professionals that receive women victims of violence. Were done 18 interviews with six women professionals and five men professionals in leadership positions in the researched institution, four men professional and three women professional that work in screening. Results: Identification and referral of demands involving violence against women are big difficulties for professionals of the institution, especially when such violence underlies other legal demands. This difficulty is also due to the organization of this Public Defense and adds to organization and care provided by other institutions and services to this question. Surpass the banality of this type of violence that is manifested, is a possible path to your inquiry pass to a job step and the care of this population be refined. Training on the subject is the most cited by interviewers (women and men) to reach these goals / Investigar o atendimento prestado por Defensoras e Defensores da Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo à questão da violência contra a mulher que aparece na Triagem da instituição. Justificativa: Superar a lógica que subjaz às práticas de violência contra a mulher, tanto no âmbito doméstico quanto no público e institucional é um dos grandes desafios do Brasil, conforme o Relatório Final da CPMI sobre a violência contra a mulher, entregue em agosto de 2013 pelo Senado e Congresso. A Defensoria Pública é peça fundamental para que esse desafio seja vencido, de modo que compreender a forma, as estratégias e as dificuldades dos profissionais de Direito que participam do acolhimento inicial das demandas jurídicas com relação a esse tema é um primeiro passo para alcançar a erradicação dessa modalidade de violência. Aspectos teórico-metodológicos: Para fundamentar este trabalho, partimos das discussões de Guacira Lopes Louro sobre estereótipos de gênero e de Agnes Heller sobre a naturalização das situações vividas cotidianamente vinculando-as à literatura atual sobre violência contra a mulher e do entendimento da questão por profissionais que recebem mulheres em situação de violência. Foram realizadas 18 entrevistas com seis profissionais mulheres e cinco profissionais homens em posição de liderança na instituição pesquisada e com quatro profissionais homens e três profissionais mulheres que atuam como plantonistas na Triagem. Resultados: A identificação e o encaminhamento de demandas que envolvem violência contra a mulher são grandes dificuldades para os profissionais da instituição, em especial quando essa violência subjaz a outras demandas jurídicas. Essa dificuldade se deve também à própria organização da Defensoria e se soma à organização e ao atendimento prestado por outras instituições e serviços a essa questão. Superar a banalização das formas com que essa modalidade de violência se manifesta é um caminho possível para que sua averiguação passe a ser uma etapa de trabalho e o atendimento dessa população seja aperfeiçoado. A formação a respeito do assunto é a providência mais citada pelos/as entrevistadas/os para atingir esses objetivos

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, le droit français de la non-discrimination ne cesse de s’enrichir notamment sous l'influence du droit international et européen. La multiplication des normes ne suffit pourtant pas à produire l’effet escompté ; leur complexité rend même ce droit difficilement accessible pour les travailleurs comme pour les employeurs. La création d'une autorité indépendante (2004), missionnée pour combattre les discriminations et promouvoir l’égalité, a fortement contribué à faire évoluer l'ensemble du dispositif de protection. L'absorption de la Halde par le Défenseur des droits (2011) aurait pu faire douter du maintien de l'objectif de lutte contre les discriminations au travail (lato sensu). Il n'en est rien. L'action de cette nouvelle autorité, d’assise constitutionnelle, participe de l'effectivité de l’arsenal juridique en ce domaine. En témoigne sa contribution à la mobilisation et à l'enrichissement du droit substantiel ainsi qu'au renforcement de l’action publique contre les discriminations dans l’emploi, qui sont probablement les plus nombreuses et donc significatives. Si la question politique (et constitutionnelle) demeure de savoir si le Défenseur des droits pourrait devenir un contre-pouvoir, il apparaît que, sur le plan juridique, il contribue à enrichir la substance du droit de la non-discrimination tout en œuvrant pour le renforcement et la multiplication des actions permettant de le mettre en œuvre, en particulier dans le domaine de l'emploi / Since twenty years, the non-discrimination law continues to enhance specially under the influence of the International and European Law. The multiplication of the norms isn’t however sufficient to achieve the desired effect ; their complexity even makes this law difficult to access for the employees as well as for the employers. The creation of an independent authority (2004), in charge of fighting against discrimination and promoting equality, has strongly contributed to improving the protection overall. The absorption of the Halde by the Defender of rights (2011) could have created a doubt regarding maintaining the objective of fighting against discriminations at work. It is not. The action of this new constitutional authority is involved in the effectiveness of the broad legal spectrum in this area. Evidenced by its contribution to the mobilization and the enhancement of the substantive law and the reinforcement of public action against discrimination in employment, which are probably the largest and therefore significant. If the political question (and constitutional) remains to determine if the the Defender of rights could become a counterpower, it appears that, legally, he helps to enrich the substance of the right of non-discrimination while working on the reinforcement and the multiplication of actions to enabling it’s implementation, especially in employment