<abstract>'In Two Minds' is a novel of false beliefs. Set in contemporary Sydney, it deals with the relationship between two sisters in their late thirties, Kara and Linda Hille. Told in the second person singular from the point of view of the elder sister, Linda, it is based around the neurological delusion of the younger sibling, Kara. Kara wrongly believes that their mother, Stella, has been replaced by an impostor, 'Mrs. Whitegloves'. For the greater part, the narrative 'you' relates events in the sisters' lives and deals with issues such as the consequences of condoned child abuse, the dilemma of human cloning and the future of 'the brand' in the light of contemporary global marketing. Linda, an advertising executive, struggles with a formidable work-project, an account that is lost to a competitor, and the mistaken belief that she is responsible for her sister's plight. Shocking graffiti about herself, which appears at the same time as she wins an advertising award, proves to be the catalyst that brings beneficial change to her life. Through the tragedy of confronting her sister's devastation and her own challenges, Linda leaves her job, believing this will allow her to start again - differently. In the final chapter, the difference is registered in a shift from the second person to the consolidated first person method of narration. ABSTRACT EXEGESIS The dissertation 'A Singular Voice' documents aspects of authorial, psychoanalytical and literary significance in the creation of a fiction which draws on personal material confrontational to the writer. It also discusses some wider (non-fictional and other) uses of the narrative 'you' in order to establish the literary tradition in which the novel 'In Two Minds' may be situated. This disseration examines the use of the second-person singular pronoun 'you' as narrator, mainly in contemporary fiction. It concentrates on the ways in which the narrative 'you' was employed to achieve a 'cover', mask or persona for the 'I' behind the text in the novel 'In Two Minds', and explains why it was necessary to seek such subterfuge. It describes how certain grammatical and rhetorical resources were used to build and maintain 'cover', while at the same time allowing the narrative 'you' to express a particular aspect of the fictional protagonist, address the reader, and sustain the story of which it is the intradiegetic narratee. Related narrative elements include construction of the characters through the use of the narrative 'you', for example the narcissistic mother, Stella; the phantom double, 'Mrs. Whitegloves'; the sufferer of Capgras' delusion, Kara; and the ultimate bearer of the singular 'you' voice, the protagonist Linda.

本研究自語言的想像和傳承起興，探討新聞報導時間的變化。主採敘事學觀點，輔以語言學相關概念綜論新聞文本時間敘事的特色，並進而論及其時間想像及歷史感。 文本取材自人民日報和聯合報共十一則報導，逐篇進行言說模式及窗口分析，其結果說明新聞報導的歷史感非只憑敘述過去事件，更須著重過去和現在素材的連接，不同的連接形式，即敘事時間次序、頻率、節奏的變化各有其意義，並以指示語及各種資訊狀態縫合文本時間的跳躍和變動。而文本中的可然世界(作者或故事人物的精神活動之敘述)則在時間交錯處編織出可供讀者掌握過去、現在、未來時間的各種想像。 / This study, originated from imagination and inheritance of language, aims at examining features of narrative time. Taken a narratologic perspective with concepts borrowed from linguistics, this research discusses the narrativity in news text and also further explores temporarity and sense of history in news. A total of 11 news stories selected from the People’s Daily (Beijing) and the United Daily News (Taipei) were then analyzed by using the methods of discourse analysis and window analysis respectively. The results showed that the sense of history in news was more than simple description of the past events. In fact, it (the sense of history) could only be emphasized by connecting materials of both the past and the present. Further, with different forms of time connection, such as frequency, order, and tempo, news texts could be understood with the use of deixis and information status despite time fluctuation and change. Finally the possible world delineated in any news text would construct the readers’ imagination and allow them to hold the past, the present and the future all together. Keywords: time imagination, narrative theory, deixis, information status, discursive structure, here and now

FARIA, Maria da Graça dos Santos. A metadiscursividade em redações dissertativas de vestibulandos. 2009. 82 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Linguística) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-28T14:36:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_Dis_MGSFaria.pdf: 1574383 bytes, checksum: 7d905a6b7c7832787be925cee7879147 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2013-11-14T13:12:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_Dis_MGSFaria.pdf: 1574383 bytes, checksum: 7d905a6b7c7832787be925cee7879147 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-14T13:12:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_Dis_MGSFaria.pdf: 1574383 bytes, checksum: 7d905a6b7c7832787be925cee7879147 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / In this dissertation, we propose an articulation between the metadiscoursive markers in the perspective devised by Hyland (2005), in Bronckart’s (2007) argumentative ….sequence, and some referential processes, such as anaphors and deictics under Cavalcante’s (2003) scope, found in the Federal University of Maranhao (UFMA) vestibular candidates’ essays. The purpose of this work is to identify and describe the metadiscoursive functions in those essays, in order to observe the use of metadiscoursive operators in the argumentative construction and the possibility of the usage of such operators as referential processes. Thus, highlighting the interactive vision inherent to an argumentative text that assumes the author’s position dimensions in regards to his/her arguments and the pursuit to engage the reader. Starting from the assumption that the presence, or absence, of metadiscoursive markers in the text can reveal the strategy choices innate to the language in order to increase the persuasion in his/her arguments. / Nesta dissertação, propomos uma articulação entre os marcadores metadiscursivos na perspectiva elaborada por Hyland (2005), na sequência argumentativa de Bronckart, (2007) e de alguns processos referenciais, como as anáforas e os dêiticos sob a ótica de Cavalcante (2003) em redações de vestibulandos da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA). A proposta deste trabalho é identificar e descrever as funções metadiscursivas nessas dissertações, no intuito de observar o emprego dos operadores metadiscursivos na construção argumentativa e da possibilidade do uso desses operadores como processos de referenciação. Destacando assim a visão interativa característica de um texto argumentativo que pressupõe as dimensões de posicionamento do autor frente aos seus argumentos e a busca do engajamento do leitor. Partindo do pressuposto de que a presença ou ausência de indicadores metadiscursivos no texto pode revelar a escolha de estratégias próprias da língua para aumentar o nível de persuasão dos seus argumentos.

En quoi peut consister l’énonciation dans le sens d’un énoncé ? Telle est l’interrogation à laquelle nous tentons de répondre dans cette thèse. Défendant une approche discursive du sens (Carel 2011, Ducrot 1984), nous nous fixons l’objectif de mettre en lumière une conception de l’énonciation dans cette perspective. Notre défi majeur est ainsi de démontrer, de manière concrète, une énonciation qui n’est pas conçue comme une sorte d’événement du monde relatif à la production d’un énoncé. Il s’agit en effet de cette conception de l’énonciation, d’ailleurs prise pour aller de soi, lorsque la plupart des auteurs (Kleiber 2008, Recanati 2008) interprètent un énoncé contenant une expression déictique tel que « Je suis Français » ou « Il fait chaud ici ». Défendant une approche référentielle du sens, ces auteurs sont amenés à repérer le référent correspondant à l’occurrence du mot « je » ou celle du mot « ici », avec la signification de l’un et l’autre mot prise respectivement comme « celui qui produit l’occurrence de je » et « le lieu où l’occurrence d’ici est produite ». Étant donné qu’un tel repérage du référent implique, de manière inévitable, de chercher dans la production de l’énoncé concerné, l’énonciation se présente ainsi comme extralinguistique et comme l’événement constitué par la production de l’énoncé. En nous appuyant, non sans une certaine liberté, sur les travaux respectifs de Benveniste (1966) et de Ducrot (1984), nous nous proposons de dresser le portrait d’une autre conception de l’énonciation qui relève plutôt du système linguistique lui-même, à la différence de celle dépendant ainsi de l’univers extralinguistique. À partir d’un fondement sémantique dégagé des travaux de ces deux auteurs, ainsi que des éléments que nous développons sur cette base, nous faisons des analyses portant essentiellement sur les marques de pronoms, afin d’illustrer la conception de l’énonciation que nous défendons. Qu’il s’agisse de l’analyse comparative entre « Je sais que p » « Tu sais que p » « Elle sait que p », ou celle entre « Je suis beau » « Tu es beau » « Il est beau », nos analyses impliquent donc certaines conséquences. D’une part, elles démontrent que les marques de pronoms peuvent comporter une valeur sémantique qui n’est pas relative à la référence ni à l’énonciation entendue comme un événement extralinguistique. D’autre part, elles permettent de voir que l’on peut rendre compte de ces éléments de sens non référentiels avec le cadre, inspiré de ces deux auteurs, que nous nous efforçons d’établir. / How to understand “enunciation” in the meaning of an utterance? This is the question we are trying to answer in this thesis. Defending a discursive approach to meaning (Carel 2011, Ducrot 1984), we set ourselves the objective of bringing light to a conception of enunciation in this perspective. Our major challenge, as a result, is to demonstrate with tangible illustrations an enunciation that is not conceived as a kind of “world event” relating to the production of an utterance. As we know, it’s about this conception of enunciation, taken for granted, when most authors (Kleiber 2008, Recanati 2008) interpret an utterance containing a deictic expression such as "I am French" or "It's hot here". Mostly defenders of the referential approach to meaning, these authors pick up the referent corresponding to the occurrence of the word "I" and that of the word "here", with the meaning of these two words taken respectively as "the one that produces the occurrence of I" and "the place where the occurrence of here is produced". Given that such an identification of the referent involves, inevitably, a look at the production of the utterance concerned, the enunciation thus appears extralinguistic and as the event constituted by the production of the utterance. Based on Benveniste (1966) and Ducrot (1984) respectively, though not without certain inspiration of our own, we try to sketch the outline of another conception of enunciation, which is the one that comes rather from the linguistic system itself, unlike the one that is dependent on the extralinguistic context. In order to illustrate this conception of enunciation, we conduct analyses mostly on pronouns, and the semantic foundation is drawn from the works of these two authors, as well as from the elements that we develop on this basis. In fact, whether it’s the comparative analysis between "I know that p" "You know that p" "She knows that p" or the one between "I'm beautiful" "You're beautiful" "He's (It’s) beautiful", our descriptions do entail consequences. On the one hand, they show that pronouns can have a semantic value that is neither relative to the reference nor to the enunciation taken as an extralinguistic event. On the other hand, our analyses show that we can account for the non-referential elements of meaning with the frame, inspired by these two authors, that we strive to develop.

This study identifies and describes constituents, patterns and distribution of the system –or systems- of demonstratives of a representative selection of early Greek dialects, namely the “Arcado-Cyprian” group: Arcadian and Cyprian, including a short analysis of Pamphylian as well as a discussion of the particle νι/νυ and a brief note on Mycenaean; the “Aeolic” group: Lesbian, Boeotian and Thessalian; and a selection of West Greek dialects, including both “Doric” and “Northwest Greek” dialects: Elean, Cretan, Laconian, Cyrenaean and Theran. It also examines, describes and compares the syntactic functions and, where possible, pragmatic uses of the series of demonstratives in operation in the selected dialects, providing a classification capable of accounting for all uses cross-dialectically, as well as a succinct account of the evolution of the system of demonstratives from Indo-European to “Ancient Greek”. Additionally, it offers a glimpse of the way in which deixis and anaphora seem to have worked in early Greek dialectal inscriptions, addressing the issue of defining demonstrative pronouns, as well as deixis and anaphora in general terms. Finally, this thesis provides the basis for a cross-dialectal comparison of the structure and operation of the different systems of demonstratives, and corrects some general misconceptions about the scope, usage and inter-dialectal connections of some series of demonstratives, particularly with regard to Arcadian and Cyprian. The results of such a study might contribute towards the discussion of the classification and history of the evolution of early Greek dialects.

Et si les propriétés sensori-motrices de la parole modelaient le langage ? Cette hypothèse a propulsé le langage dans le monde de la complexité et de la cognition en-corporée. Nous introduisons ici différents types d'arguments montrant le rôle de la motricité de la parole dans la genèse du langage. Motricité orofaciale, d'abord, avec l'idée que les propriétés de la coordination inter-articulateurs contraindraient la morphogenèse du langage. Motricité orofaciale et brachiomanuelle, ensuite, avec l'hypothèse que le langage émergerait de la coordination main-bouche portant l'acte de pointage par la voix et par la main. Dans ce cadre, nos expériences analysent les mouvements enregistrés chez des locuteurs du français dans différentes tâches afin d'établir les propriétés des coordinations mâchoire-langue-lèvres dans la parole, puis mâchoire-main dans le pointage. Ces recherches s'intègrent au cadre de recherche global et récent proposant d'étudier le langage comme un système-complexe.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav etnologie Historické vědy - etnologie Tomáš Samek Možnosti deixe jako interpretačního principu: česky a německy mediovaný prostor The Possibilities of Deixis as a Principle of Interpretation: Mediation in Czech and German Public Space Abstrakt dizertační práce (anglicky) Vedoucí práce: Doc. PhDr. František Vrhel, CSc. 2015 Key Words and Abstract Key words: deixis; deictic perspective; linguistic categories; descriptive metalanguage; public space; social interaction; interpretive approach; mediated communication; mass media; ideologies; social identity; origo; situatedness; phatic function; Czech; German. Abstract: This thesis examines whether, and to what extent, deixis can be conceptualized as an interpretive principle of social interactions and communication. It addresses the question on both theoretical and empirical levels, analyzing samples of direct and mediated communication in Czech and German public space. In order to capture deictic phenomena by an adequate conceptual framework, I take some binary dichotomies of the descriptive metalanguage of linguistics and reconceptualize them as continuous scales. Using these scales, I explore the notional borders of the term "deixis." I further identify protosymbolic potential in deictic expressions as...

In my Ph.D. thesis, I examine the use of referential devices in spoken narrative discourse with predominant anaphoric reference. Special attention is paid to the relationship between two competing forms: lexical phrases containing the lexeme ten (ten-MARKED NPs) and lexical phrases not containing it (UNMARKED NPs) in repeated mentions. A primary aim of the work is (i) to identify factors favouring the use of ten-marked NPs at the expense of unmarked NPs and (ii) to explore the possibility of the lexeme ten grammaticalizing from its anaphoric use. Theoretically and methodologically I benefit mostly from the conception of discourse anaphora and the theory of grammaticalization. The referential devices are systematically explored in terms of their distribution into different classes according to a set of parameters and their values. These parameters reflect the conceptual (animacy), grammatical (syntactic function, type of clause etc.) as well as discourse characteristics of the forms and their referents (informational status of the NP in the clause, activation and persistence of the referent, etc.). The data consist of 45 short narratives produced by 15 speakers. The speakers' task was to retell three short silent-movie sketches which they had seen immediately before the recording. The design of the...

Die Arbeit untersucht im Kontext historischer Vermittlung wie Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen die sprachliche Repräsentation der Zeitperspektive vornehmen. Um die Heterogenität der Adressat:innengruppen mit in die Untersuchung und Fragestellung einzubeziehen und ihr gerecht zu werden, beschäftigt sich eine zweite Fragestellung damit, ob sich die sprachliche Repräsentation der Zeitperspektive in Abhängigkeit des Grades der Behinderung (GdB) und der Behinderungsursache unterscheidet. Die Behinderungsursache wird dabei nicht detailliert betrachtet, sondern grob in pränatal, perinatal und postnatal differenziert. Dafür wurden drei Probanden ausgewählt, deren Behinderungsgründe jeweils eine der drei Kategorien abdecken. Mit der Analyse hinsichtlich der sprachlichen Repräsentation der Zeitperspektive sollen erste Aussagen über das Zeitverständnis der Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen getroffen werden. Daraus abgeleitet soll eine Empfehlung für den Umgang mit zeitlichen Angaben in Texten in einfacher Sprache ausgesprochen werden. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werden zur theoretischen Grundlegung des Projektes an der Albrechtsburg einige Begrifflichkeiten geklärt. So wird es in diesem Abschnitt jeweils ein Kapitel zum Projekt Verso, eines zum Service Learning und der partizipativen Forschung sowie eines zum Pilotprojekt an der Albrechtsburg geben. Der zweite Abschnitt umfasst die theoretischen Grundlegungen, die speziell für die thematische Erarbeitung benötigt werden. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die verschiedenen Perspektiven auf Zeit. Der Zeitbegriff, der keiner einheitlichen und allgemeingültigen Definition unterliegt, wird in diesem Teil näher betrachtet. Da sprachliche Konzeptualisierungen und Kategorisierungen auf den Thesen und Modellen der kognitiven Grammatik beruhen, wird diese in einem kurzen Einblick vorgestellt. Daran anknüpfend wird der Zeitbegriff als eine Metapher der Bewegung im Raum unter Bezugnahme auf Lakoff und Johnson näher beleuchtet. Im Zentrum steht nebst Betrachtung der allgemeinen Deixisproblematik auch die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Origo–Modell. An dieses Kapitel schließen sich ein weiteres zur allgemeinwissen-schaftlichen Betrachtung der Zeit sowie eines zu den Grundlagen der barrierefreien Kommunikation und des Behinderungsbegriffs an. Die barrierefreie Kommunikation bildet den Rahmen der hier vorliegenden Arbeit, da sie die Regeln und Konzepte stellt, an denen sich orientiert werden soll. Diese Regeln sollen mit Hilfe dieser Arbeit noch weiter präzisiert werden sollen. Im dritten Abschnitt der Arbeit, dem praxisbezogenen Teil, werden zunächst die drei Probanden genauer vorgestellt. Anschließend wird Bezug auf den Datenerhebungs-prozess und auf die Transkriptionen nach GAT2 genommen. Der analytische Teil dieses Abschnittes erfolgt nach dem Origo-Modell Bühlers. Das nachfolgende Kapitel zeigt eine Aufstellung und Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse. In einem abschließenden Fazit wird eine Empfehlung für die Verwendung von Zeitangaben in Texten in einfacher Sprache gegeben.:Inhalt Abkürzungsverzeichnis II Legende der Schriftarten III Transkriptionslegende IV 1.Einleitung 3 2. VERSO und Service Learning an der Albrechtsburg Meissen 5 2.1 Das Projekt VERSO 5 2.2 Service Learning 6 2.3 Partizipative Forschung 8 2.4 Das Pilotprojekt an der Albrechtsburg Meissen 11 3. Arbeitstheoretische Grundlagen 14 3.1 Kognitive Einschränkungen 14 3.2 Barrierefreie Kommunikation 17 3.3 Die linguistische Betrachtung der zeitlichen Konstruktionen 22 3.3.1 Kognitive Grammatik 22 3.3.2 Der Zeitbegriff im linguistischen Kontext betrachtet 25 3.3.3 Das Origo-Modell nach Karl Bühler 29 3.4 Zeit als wissenschaftsübergreifendes Phänomen 34 4. Praxisbezogener Teil 38 4.1 Ablauf des Datenerhebungsprozesses 38 4.2 Vorstellung der Probanden 40 4.2.1 Proband HM 41 4.2.2 Proband SZ 41 4.2.3 Proband TF 42 4.3 Die Transkription 43 4.4 Datenanalyse 44 4.5 Aufstellung der Ergebnisse 61 4.6 Fazit 66 Literaturverzeichnis 68 Abbildungsverzeichnis 75 Selbständigkeitserklärung 76 Verzeichnis des Anhangs 77

Eva Krásová: Émile Benveniste and the role of sens My thesis "Émile Benveniste and the role of sens" is a monographic study of the life work of Émile Benveniste (1902-1977) through the role that the concept of meaning (sens) takes in his thought. I adopt the methodology defined by K. Kœrner as "historiography of language sciences", and thus my perspective on Benveniste's work is mainly chronological and developmental. First part of the thesis concentrates on theoretical foundations of Benveniste's thought in the school of Paris (A. Meillet and M. Bréal), Prague (R. Jakobson and V. Skalička) and Copenhagen (texts around 1939). I point out the concept of language system in diachrony in A. Meillet's thinking and in Prague school and present a hypothesis about the role of Émile Bneveniste in their contact during the International congresses of linguists. This results into a description of the perspective of meaning as it was presented in Benveniste's 1962 lecture "Levels of linguistic analysis". Second part deals with Benveniste's concept linguistics of discours. First chapter explains the main concepts of Benveniste's theory of language: semiotics and semantics or the semiotical and the semantical (le/la sémiotique, sémantique), enunciation (énonciation), appropriation (appropriation) and the theory...