Cette thèse examine la relation entre la partie et le tout dans les romans d’Antoine François Prévost, afin de remettre en question l’équivalence des structures de la narration et de la disposition (chapitres, livres, volumes, tomes, parties, livraisons, etc.) du roman prototypique. À l’époque de Prévost, le rythme imprévisible de la publication par livraisons et la possibilité permanente d’une suite étaient cause que ni auteurs ni lecteurs ne pouvaient identifier la conclusion définitive d’un roman. Cette incertitude mettait une tension entre les parties d’un roman et le tout imaginé par le lecteur, donnant ainsi lieu à ce que j’appelle une esthétique segmentaire qui contraste avec le roman-feuilleton du XIXe siècle et les romans plus récents d’une seule livraison. Je soutiens ces idées en étudiant les interactions entre la disposition et la narration dans des romans de Prévost qui s’accordent le moins avec les attentes formelles modernes : les pseudoworks ou œuvres intérieures (textes quasi-indépendants) et le chevauchement des bornes dispositives par les unités narratives dans les Mémoires d’un homme de qualité et les Voyages de Robert Lade, et l’interruption de publication et la suite non-autorisée dans Cleveland et les Mémoires d'un honnête homme. Ensuite, j’identifie des interactions similaires dans La Jeunesse du Commandeur et l’Histoire d’une Grecque moderne, deux des romans les plus formellement modernes de Prévost. Ainsi, je montre que l’instabilité des frontières n’entrave pas une composition sophistiquée, et je mobilise une nouvelle méthode d’analyse applicable aux fictions narratives d’autres périodes et dans d’autres médias. / This thesis examines the relationship between part and whole in novels by Antoine François Prévost to question the modern assumption that prototypical novelistic narrative structure and dispositive structure (chapters, books, volumes, parts, installments, etc.) share the same points of articulation. In Prévost’s day, the combination of the unpredictable rhythm of publication in installments and the ever-present possibility of continuation made it difficult for authors and readers to identify a novel’s definitive conclusion. This uncertainty led to tension between a novel’s concrete parts and its imagined narrative whole, and that tension created what I have termed a segmentary esthetic that stands in contrast to both the more regularly serialized novels of the nineteenth century and to more recent single-installment novels. To support these hypotheses, I first investigate schemas of interaction between dispositive structure and narrative structure in Prévost’s novels that differ from modern formal expectations: pseudoworks (works-within-works) and narrative units that cross dispositive boundaries in the Mémoires d’un homme de qualité and the Voyages de Robert Lade, and interrupted publication and unauthorized continuation in Cleveland and Mémoires d’un honnête homme. I then identify similar interactions in two of Prévost’s more formally modern novels La Jeunesse du Commandeur and Histoire d’une Grecque moderne. This study shows that unstable boundaries can be compatible with compositional sophistication, and outlines a new method of analysis that can be applied to narrative fiction from other periods and in other media.

<p>  </p> <p>Empathy is a complex emotional response to others’ experiences that can both advance and obstruct mutual understanding. Many fields in the humanities and social sciences have their own theories of empathy, including recent advances in rhetoric and composition. However, writing center studies have not yet arrived at a theory of empathy despite a body of scholarship that invokes empathy as a necessary skill or disposition in writing center praxis. This dissertation argues that empathic dispositions can be evoked and tempered in staff education classrooms through assignments that facilitate critical self-reflection on one’s positionality. The present pilot study describes four aspects of empathic dispositions that can be tempered in a writing center curriculum. The first chapter categorizes different concepts of empathy in writing centers and theorizes four aspects of empathic dispositions that align with theories on rhetoric, affect, and feminist approaches to empathic, critical engagement with others. The second chapter outlines the feminist methodologies and methods that were used to collect and analyze interviews with research participants. The third chapter describes a sixteen-week staff education course that was oriented to evoking and developing students’ empathic dispositions. The fourth chapter shares interviews with new consultants who reflect on their first semester in our writing center and how their work was influenced by their assignments and experiences in our curriculum. The final chapter concludes the study by outlining its limitations, charting a path forward for future research, and offering a pedagogical approach to cultivating empathic dispositions that I call resonant reflection. The results of this study indicate that consultants draw from their own experiences and values when they imagine a writer’s circumstances. They can access their rich, yet tacit, experiences through deliberative reflection, a necessary component of developing empathic dispositions that advance mutual understanding. These findings implicate that a stronger theoretical framework for empathy in writing centers can advance not only writing center research and pedagogy but also our commitments to social justice in our centers. </p>

Der Tod einer Person (ein Ereignis) und ihre Sterblichkeit (eine Eigenschaft) sind nicht dasselbe, hängen aber klarerweise zusammen. Angenommen der Tod einer Person ist schlecht für diese – was bedeutet dies dann für die Bewertung ihrer Sterblichkeit? Um diese Frage zu beantworten muss unterschieden werden zwischen zwei verschiedenen Arten von Sterblichkeit: Die kontingente Sterblichkeit („sterben können“) ist die dispositionale Eigenschaft eines Lebewesens unter bestimmten Umständen zu sterben. Der Tod des Lebewesens ist die Manifestation dieser Disposition. Die notwendige Sterblichkeit andererseits („sterben müssen“) ist die (Meta-)Eigenschaft eines Lebwesens eine begrenzte Lebenserwartung zu haben – das heißt, eine Disposition zu sterben zu haben, die notwendigerweise irgendwann manifestiert wird. Der werttheoretische Zusammenhang zwischen Tod und Sterblichkeit ergibt sich plausiblerweise aus den Rollen, die kontingente und notwendige Sterblichkeit beim Zustandekommen des Todes einer Person spielen: Es zeigt sich, dass die Disposition zu sterben den Tod der Person ermöglicht. Dadurch macht sie einen kausal relevanten Unterschied im Auftreten eines für diese Person schlechten Ereignisses und beeinflusst so ihr Wohlergehen. Deshalb ist die kontingente Sterblichkeit schlecht für die Person – und diese Schlechtigkeit erbt sie von dem Ereignis des Todes. Steht dieses Ereignis allerdings noch nicht fest, erbt die kontingente Sterblichkeit stattdessen einen Teil des erwarteten Unwerts des Todes. Die notwendige Sterblichkeit andererseits erbt einen Teil des generellen Unwerts des Todes (verstanden als Ereignistyp), weil sie das Eintreten eines solchen Ereignisses vorwegnimmt, indem sie garantiert, dass ein Ereignis dieses Typs eintreten muss. Gleichzeitig scheint die notwendige Sterblichkeit ihrerseits die Evaluation des Todes (und somit auch der kontingenten Sterblichkeit) zu beeinflussen: Der Tod einer Person wirkt weniger tragisch, wenn sie notwendig sterblich ist. / The death of a person (an event) and her mortality (a property) are not the same but nevertheless clearly related. Assuming that a person’s death is bad for her, one may ask what this would mean for the evaluation of her mortality. To answer this question, one must distinguish between two different kinds of mortality: Contingent mortality (“being able to die”) is the dispositional property of a living being to die under certain circumstances. The death of the being is the manifestation of this disposition. Necessary mortality on the other hand (“having to die”) is the (meta-)property of a living being to have a limited life-expectancy, that is, to have a disposition to die that is necessarily manifested eventually. The evaluative connection between death and mortality can plausibly be derived from the roles that a person’s contingent and necessary mortality play in the occurrence of her death: It turns out that the disposition to die is an enabling condition for the person’s death. This means that it makes a causally relevant difference in the occurrence of an event that is bad for the person and thereby genuinely and negatively affects her wellbeing. Therefore, her contingent mortality is bad for the person – and this badness is derived from the badness of the event of her death. If this event is not yet settled, the contingent mortality inherits a part of the expected disvalue of the person’s death instead. Her necessary mortality on the other hand inherits part of the general disvalue of the person’s death (understood as a type of event) because it anticipates the occurrence of such an event by guaranteeing that an event of this type must occur. At the same time, the presence of a person’s necessary mortality seems to affect the evaluation of her death (and thereby also her contingent mortality): A person’s death appears less tragic if she is necessarily mortal.

Can the HEXACO personality dimensions and facets be used to explain the principal-agent problem and the disposition effect? The proposed research is designed to address the relationship between personality dimensions and individuals’ propensity to engage in self-interested behavior (agency effect) and irrational investment decisions (disposition effect). This paper proposes a correlational study that will be one of the first to apply Ashton and Lee’s (2009) HEXACO framework of personality to examine the association between the six personality dimensions and measurements of the agency and disposition effect. The HEXACO model of personality dimension includes Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Openness to Experience, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness. Total participants in both experiments will be 480 undergraduate college students. Participating students will complete the HEXACO-60 self-report inventory and take part in a stock simulation where measurements of interests are recorded. Higher scores along the Honesty-Humility and Emotionality dimensions are expected to have a strong negative relationship with the agency effect measurement, while Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Extraversion will have a weak to moderate positive association. Higher scores along the Emotionality dimensions are expected to have a strong negative association with the disposition effect measurement, while lower scores of Conscientiousness are expected to have a positive relationship.

台灣投資人在股票市場的投資行為有明顯的短線進出現象，且在股票有獲利時就急著把手上的獲利實現，若是股票呈現虧損，則一直不肯實現損失，此行為即是行為財務學中所探討的「處分效果」。個人在投信公司任職期間發現，基金投資人的投資行為也出現相同的現象，為了驗證處分效果是否亦存在於基金投資人身上，個人以匯豐中華投信系列基金之投資人為研究對象，並選定發行日期在2000年以前並存續至今的七檔基金為研究的目標基金，欲驗證處分效果是否存在於基金投資人的投資行為中。 在以整體投資人為研究對象下發現，台灣的共同基金投資人存在處分效果，且當持有期間以月份為單位時的處分效果比以半年為單位時的處分效果強烈。若將基金投資人依屬性分類為自然人與法人，分別探討其處分效果發現，自然人與法人均存在處分效果。 一般認為，法人比自然人有更專業的投資評斷與投資理性，處分行為應該比自然人輕微，但實證結果發現，自然人的處分效果只有在持有間以月份為單位時達到顯著；持有期間以半年為單位時則沒有觀察到處分現象。法人則不論持有期間的單位為月份或是半年，均存在處分效果。原因可能是法人在季底或是月底，有將會計帳上的壓力，導致法人所表現出的處分效果高於自然人的處分效果。 市場行情可能也會影響處分效果，本研究依據台灣經濟新報資料庫的台灣大盤加權指數資料，將2000年至2003年6月定義為空頭，2003年7月至2006年底定義為多頭，進行處分效果的驗證。研究結果顯示，基金投資人在多頭時期的處分效果比空頭時期的處分效果顯著，推究其原因可能是投資人在空頭時對獲利的基金會想立即實現獲利，把賺到的前穩當的放到口袋。在多頭時則因為心裡預期手中虧損的基金一定會有獲利的一天，而不願損失將兌現。 投資人應該對自己的投資組合設定停損與停利點，以減少因為心理因素驅動的投資行為減少投資獲利。

There has been a desire to accurately interpret the inhaled pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of drugs in humans to aid successful inhaled drug and product developments. However, challenges are layered, as 1) the drug dose delivered to the lung (DTL) from inhalers is a portion of the formulated dose but rarely determined; 2) lung delivery and regional deposition differ, depending on drug, formulation and inhaler; 3) drugs are not only absorbed from the lung but may also be from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; and 4) in addition to absorption into the systemic circulation, multiple non-absorptive processes also eliminate drugs from the lung, such as mucociliary clearance, metabolism, phagocytosis and tissue binding. Hence, this thesis project aims to develop new lung disposition model-based analyses to derive the meaningful kinetic descriptors for lung disposition from inhaled PK profiles in humans. Two approaches, curve fitting- and moment-based approaches, were developed. Both approaches modeled the kinetics of lung disposition rate-controlled by absorption (ka) and non-absorptive loss (knal), assuming no contribution of GI absorption. An exhaustive literature review found necessary data sets for three drugs, tobramycin, calcitonin and ciprofloxacin. In the curve fitting-based approach, each inhaled PK profile was fitted to the lung disposition model, while the DTL was obtained from corresponding -scintigraphic lung deposition and the kinetic parameters of systemic disposition were fixed by separate intravenous PK profile model analysis. In the moment analysis-based approach, the mean lung residence times (MLRT) and the DTL-based bioavailability (FL) were estimated and used to determine the ka and knal values in the lung disposition model, given FL = MLRTka = ka/(ka+knal). The ka and knal values were successfully derived for all the three drugs delivered by dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and/or nebulizers (NEB) through both approaches. Their “goodness-of-fit” was reasonably satisfactory. The ka values appeared to be primarily described by partition-based diffusion affected by the three hydrophilic drug’s molecular weight. In contrast, the knal values differed, yet appeared to become plausible, with a notion of additional non-absorptive confoundedness due to lung tissue binding (tobramycin) and metabolism (calcitonin), in addition to mucociliary clearance. The ka and knal values derived by the two approaches were comparable in majority of the cases. The success of these PK modeling analyses enabled further attempts to identify most influential attributes by simulation. The systemic PK and lung exposure profiles were predicted by simulation upon ±20 % changes in each of the DTL, ka and knal values to examine changes in the systemic PK metrics (Cmax, AUC and Tmax) and local lung exposure metrics (AUClung and LRT0.5). For all three drugs, the Cmax and AUC changes were identical to changes in the DTL without changing the Tmax. In contrast, impacts of the ka and knal changes differed between drugs, depending on the relative contribution of the rate constant to their sum (ka+knal). It appeared that the major contributor of the sum (ka+knal) was that rate-controlling the kinetics of lung disposition. In conclusion, this thesis project has successfully proposed two new approaches of curve fitting and moment-based analysis by accurately deriving the kinetic descriptors of lung disposition (ka and knal) for three drugs from the inhaled PK profiles in humans. Their applications were extended to predict likely changes in the systemic PK and local lung exposure metrics by simulation. While attempts should continue with more drugs, these approaches are believed to be useful in identifying critical attributes to determine the lung disposition kinetics and thus predicting the lung kinetic behavior and systemic PK profiles of new drug entities in humans.

L’introduction de la dimension interculturelle dans les nouveaux curricula et les manuels didactiques de l’enseignement obligatoire constitue une innovation éducative dans le système éducatif grec, mise en vigueur dès la rentrée 2005 afin de répondre aux nouveaux besoins sociaux créés par les mutations sociopolitiques et économiques qui ont transformé, en deux décennies, la société grecque en société multiculturelle. L’objectif de notre recherche est de repérer, d’une part, la dimension interculturelle en tant qu’innovation éducative dans les nouveaux curricula et manuels didactiques du primaire, et, d’autre part, la place accordée à des contenus ou démarches interculturels dans les pratiques des enseignants de l’école primaire – maîtres généralistes et enseignants de spécialité – telles qu’elles se dégagent de leur discours. Selon l’hypothèse de départ de cette recherche, les pratiques de classe déclarées des enseignants du primaire en Grèce accordent majoritairement peu de place à des contenus ou démarches caractéristiques d’une prise en compte de la nature linguistiquement et culturellement hétérogène du public scolaire. La méthodologie adoptée pour les tests empiriques est une méthodologie mixte, c'est-à-dire démarche quantitative (par questionnaires adressés à 96 enseignants) et qualitative (par entretiens effectués auprès de 24 enseignants et par analyse du contenu des documents officiels). Selon les résultats de cette recherche, notre hypothèse de départ peut être corroborée. Cependant, certaines de nos conjectures théoriques subordonnées à notre hypothèse principale ne sont pas validées, ce qui invite à poursuivre cette recherche. / Introducing interculturalism in the new curriculum and the textbooks in primary education constitutes an educational innovation integrated in the Greek educational system that was put into effect in 2005 in order to address the new social needs created by the sociopolitical and economical changes which transformed the Greek society into a multicultural one .The objective of our research is to trace, on one hand, interculturalism as an educational innovation in the new curriculum and the textbooks of primary schools, and, on the other hand, the space given by primary school teachers – both generalists and subject specialists – to the content and the intercultural activities as these appear in their discourse. According to the primary hypothesis of this research, the classroom practices, as these are presented by primary school teachers, provide, in their majority, little space to the content and the corresponding activities, taking into consideration the linguistic and cultural heterogeneity of students. For these purposes a combined methodology was adopted – specifically a quantitative (questionnaires addressed to 96 teachers) and a qualitative (analysis of interview data from 24 teachers and the content of the official documents) approach. According to the findings of this research, our primary hypothesis might be validated. However, some of the subordinate theoretical conjectures of our primary hypothesis were not validated, calling us for further research.

Les sûretés réelles jouent un rôle indispensable dans la vie civile ainsi que dans la vie économique d`un pays. Ces transactions amènent inéluctablement la disposition du bien garanti en cas d`insolvabilité du débiteur. Au Vietnam, presque toutes les sûretés accompagnent le prêt de consommation (les autres obligations telles que l`obligation de paiement née d`un contrat de vente sont rarement garanties en réalité). Cependant, dans la relation entre le prêteur et l`emprunteur, ce dernier est toujours dans une position plus faible que le premier parce que le prêteur est toujours dans la situation de besoin d`argent, même urgent. Cette différence du contrat de prêt influence de manière appréciable non seulement le contrat de sûreté accompagnée mais aussi la disposition du bien garanti. Bien que la mise en œuvre du bien garanti joue un rôle très important à l`égard des parties de la sûreté ainsi que les tiers concernés, elle n`est pas disposée clairement et officiellement par la voie législative selon le droit vietnamien. Cela veut dire que ce domaine n`est réglé que par le pouvoir administratif. En plus, dans la circonstance juridique du Vietnam actuelle, les parties de la sûreté peuvent convenir librement du mode de disposition du bien garanti en cas d`insolvabilité du débiteur. La loi ne prévoit aucune intervention afin de contrôler ce processus de la mise en œuvre du bien, cette situation est très dangereuse car la disposition du bien concerne non seulement les doits des parties mais aussi ceux des tiers. Afin de protéger le débiteur devant le créancier dans la négociation le contrat de sûreté, les tiers concernés devant la possibilité d`une disposition « amitié » du bien garanti entre le créancier et le débiteur, on a besoin d`une intervention judiciaire en tant qu`un mécanisme « neutre » avec le pouvoir étatique nécessaire. Cette intervention existe déjà en réalité mais sous forme facultative, donc elle n`est pas effective en jouant le rôle du gardien de la justice. A côté des droits du débiteur ainsi que des tiers concernés, les droits du créancier dans le contrat de sûreté sont appréciables, notamment en cas d`un débiteur de mauvais foi, l`intervention du juge et après cela, une garantie du pouvoir judiciaire dans l`exécution du jugement rendra utile le créancier garanti. Avec toutes les raisons ci-dessus, une intervention du juge dans la mise en œuvre du bien garanti est nécessairement traitée par la thèse. Cet étude traitera des dispositions du droit ainsi que de la situation réelle du Vietnam dans la réalisation du bien garanti, les avantages ainsi que les inconvénients dans l`exécution des dispositions du droit vietnamiens. C`est à partir de ces analyses que nous essayerons de construire un mécanisme juridique pour que les activités des parties concernées à la mise en œuvre du bien garanti puissent être effectuées de manière la plus favorable et la plus juste possible. / The measures to secure of property (in which the borrower pledges or mortgage some asset as collateral for the loan) play an important role in a country’s civilian and economic life. These secured debt agreements necessarily results in the sequestration of the possession of the asset used as collateral in case the borrower defaults. In Viet Nam, almost all measures to secure are warranted by a contractual agreement that documents the debtor’s duty to pay off the debt (Other categories of debt such as sale agreement are rarely secured). In reality, in any loan agreement, the debtors, being in usually-urgent need for money, are always on the dependent and disadvantaged side in negotiating with the creditor. This unequal negotiation advantage in loan agreement greatly impacts not only how the security is put in the loan but also how it is sequestrated to regain some or all of the amount originally lent to the borrower. Although the treatment of loan security in a secured loan agreement is vital to both parties as well as the third party, it is not formally and thoroughly addressed in law but only administered by the regulations issued by state management bodies. In Viet Nam nowadays, it is a practice in secured loan agreements that the two parties are free to negotiate how the collateral for the loan is treated in the event that the debt is not properly repaid. The legislation does not anticipate any forms or judicial intervention for the measure to secure processing in order to better control this category of secured debt. This freedom in settling measure to secure poses many financial risks as it affects not only the two direct parties of the security transaction but also the third party who is a “bona fide”. In order to protect the rights of the debtors who are on the inferior side in measure to secure negotiation and the third party who faces the possible trick arranged by the debtor and creditor in handling the loan security asset, it is crucial to establish a state-level judicial intervention mechanism to be employed in processing the measure to secure. In fact, this form of intervention exists but only on an on-request basis, and therefore fails to guarantee full protective efficiency in functioning as a legal protector. Besides the rights of the debtor and the third party, the rights of the creditor also need attending to by the legislators. Especially when the debtor is dishonest, the judicial intervention in this case, and then the participation of the executive bodies will be very helpful to the creditor. With all the above mentioned reasons, the intervention of the judge, representative of the judicial bodies, into the course of processing security transaction, need researching by the thesis. The thesis researches the legal regulations and the practice of handling security transaction in Viet Nam, as well the advantages and disadvantages in executing these regulations. Based on the analytical findings, a recommendation is made on establishing a legal mechanism to be applied in the treatment of measure to security so that the subject’s activities in this area can be conducted in the best convenient and reasonable manner.

L’« énergétique comparée » propose de considérer les textes comme des dispositifs à la fois économiques, sémiotiques et praxéonomiques (dont l’utilisation produit des types de subjectivations, des modes de pensée et des domaines idéologiques). Afin de comprendre la nature du roman et de l’épopée, nous confrontons, dans chacune de ces trois dimensions, l’analyse de ces genres littéraires. L’économie du dispositif est à la fois une théorie de la production et de la consommation ; la sémiotique se décompose en rhétorique et en noétique ; la praxéonomie en politique et en éthique.L’énergétique se veut ainsi une nouvelle approche de la littérature, nourrie autant par l’anthropologie culturelle que par la narratologie, par la métaphysique de Hegel que par la pragmatique d’Austin. Enfin, dans chaque partie, un « contrepoint » permet d’aiguiser, transversalement, les instruments d’analyse sur des oeuvres particulières qui semblent a priori échapper à la distinction entre roman et épopée (du roman populaire chinois au roman postcolonial) ou qui prétendent donner à la modernité son épopée (de la poésie épique à l’épopée humanitaire). Ces « contrepoints » se font également le lieu d’un débat de l’énergétique comparée avec les poétiques « indigènes » de leurs auteurs ou de leurs contemporains.L’énergétique, s’opposant à la « poétique des traits génériques » comme à l’« esthétique des registres » permet ainsi de fournir une définition comparée de l’effort de l’épopée (dispositif politique de subjectivation collective par mobilisation de la tradition dans la cérémonie de la reconnaissance) et de celui du roman (dispositif éthique de subjectivation individuelle par valorisation de l’originalité dans la performance d’émancipation), ainsi que la mise en évidence des conditions de possibilité d’une épopée contemporaine. / This dissertation attempts to understand what it is exactly that makes an epic and a novel. Through a "comparative energetics" we propose to consider literature as a set of ‘economical’, ‘semiotical’ and ‘praxeonomical’ dispositions the use of which contributes to specific types of subjective rendering, ways of thinking and ideological domains. These three categories constitute the framework of the current endeavor: Textual economics is a theory of both production and consumption; semiotics decomposes into rhetorics and noetical analysis; praxeonomy into politics and ethics.Energetics consists in a new approach to literature, influenced by cultural anthropology, narratology, Hegel’s metaphysics and Austin’s pragmatics. Each section of the dissertation includes a “counterpoint" bringing up a transversal approach to works outside the main corpus considered, that either seem to escape the distinction between the established genres of novel and epic, e.g. popular Chinese novels, postcolonial novels, or purport to give its proper epic (epic poetry, humanitarian epic, etc) to modernity. These "counterpoints" also allow a comparison between the energetic approach and the “indigenous” poetics of the authors considered or their contemporaries.Energetics, both objecting to the "poetics of features" and to the "aesthetics of registers," provides a comparative definition of the epic (political disposition of collective subjectification by mobilizing tradition in the ceremony of recognition) and of the novel (ethical dispositif of individual subjectifive rendering by valuing originality in the performance of emancipation). It also sets the conditions for a possible modern epic.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo, inicialmente, investigar os modos como Horácio organiza seus poemas e livros e como faz a passagem de um poema a outro, buscando seus antecedentes, seja na poesia grega, seja na latina. Concentra-se, depois, no livro de Epodos, que apresenta duas partes muito claras: a primeira do epod. 1 ao 10 e a segunda do epod. 11 ao 17. Tal divisão é a base da tese que se propõe a distinguir iambo de epodo na obra invectiva de Horácio, que se serviu não só dos modelos gregos, arcaicos e helenísticos, mas também de modelo latino. Do estudo que se fez decorrem alguns critérios da tradução proposta em verso: é a primeira tradução poética em português de todo livro dos Epodos. Recolhem-se, por fim, todas as traduções poéticas em português que foram encontradas, apresentadas por pequena introdução. / The initial objective of the present work is to investigate how Horace organizes his poems and books and how he operates the transition from one poem to the next. In order to accomplish that, his predecessors both in Greek as in Latin poetry were studied. Subsequently, it focuses on the Book of Epodes, which can be clearly be divided into two parts: the first, from epod. 1 to 10, and the second from epod. 11 to 17. Such division is the basis of this thesis, which proposes a distinction between iambus and epodes in Horaces invective work. Horace made use not only of Archaic Greek and Hellenistic but also of Latin models. From this study, some criteria for the proposed translation in verse were derived: this is the first poetic translation into Portuguese of the whole Book of Epodes. Finally, all the poetic translations into Portuguese that could be found were gathered and they are preceded by a brief introduction.