A presente dissertação tem por objetivo o estudo de imagens de espelhos na produção de Clarice Lispector. Imagem recorrente, o espelho aparece na ficção clariciana em diversos textos, participando amplamente de sua produção de crônicas, romances e contos. O tema proposto desdobra-se em elementos como a problemática da constituição do sujeito, o duplo, a percepção e o limiar, os quais mostram ser pontos centrais na obra em exame. Em nossa pesquisa, relacionamos as imagens especulares a eixos já consagrados pela crítica para o estudo de Clarice Lispector, como questões relativas a identidade e alteridade, ao mesmo tempo em que averiguamos a especificidade da recorrência desta imagem na obra da autora. Cada texto foi analisado de modo independente, para depois ser articulado ao conjunto, procurando, assim, atentar para o que havia de singular em cada aparição do espelho. Nosso corpus é constituído pelos romances Perto do coração selvagem (1945), Uma aprendizagem ou o livro dos prazeres (1969) e Água viva (1973). Também foram analisados contos de diferentes coletâneas, bem como crônicas da autora que apresentavam relevância para nosso estudo; deste conjunto, destacamos textos como A imitação da rosa (1960), Os Obedientes (1964) e A procura de uma dignidade (1974). Devido à particularidade do tema escolhido como fio condutor para a pesquisa, o aparato crítico e teórico foi selecionado de acordo com as necessidades internas de interpretação de texto, evitando, assim, a aplicação de fórmulas ou leituras determinantes, a fim de preservar a polissemia da imagem de espelho e a originalidade de sua configuração na obra de Clarice Lispector. / This dissertation aims at studying mirror images in Clarice Lispector\'s production. A recurrent image, the mirror appears in Lispector\'s fiction in several texts, being found in her chronicles, novels and short stories. The theme of the mirror unfolds in elements such as subjectivity, the double, perception and threshold, which show to be central aspects in this author\'s work. In our research, the mirror images have been related to other established critical axes for the study of Clarice Lispector, which include topics like identity and alterity. At the same time, we have looked into the specificity of the recurrence of this image in Lispector\'s literature. Each text was analyzed independently, and only then connected to the group of texts, in order to preserve what was unique about each mirror appearance. Our corpus consists of the novels Near to the wild heart (Perto do coração selvagem, 1945), An apprenticeship or the book of pleasures (Uma aprendizagem ou o livro dos prazeres, 1969) and Living water (Água viva, 1973). We have also analyzed short stories from different books, as well as chronicles which presented relevance to our study. We refer particularly to texts like The imitation of the rose (A imitação da rosa, 1960), Os Obedientes (1964) and A procura de uma dignidade (1974). Due to the particularity of the theme chosen as a motif for the research, the critical and theoretical apparatus used as support were chosen according to the internal interpretational needs of the texts, therefore avoiding the immediate use of reading formulas, in view of preserving the polissemy of the mirror image and the originality of its display in Lispector\'s work.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo o estudo de imagens de espelhos na produção de Clarice Lispector. Imagem recorrente, o espelho aparece na ficção clariciana em diversos textos, participando amplamente de sua produção de crônicas, romances e contos. O tema proposto desdobra-se em elementos como a problemática da constituição do sujeito, o duplo, a percepção e o limiar, os quais mostram ser pontos centrais na obra em exame. Em nossa pesquisa, relacionamos as imagens especulares a eixos já consagrados pela crítica para o estudo de Clarice Lispector, como questões relativas a identidade e alteridade, ao mesmo tempo em que averiguamos a especificidade da recorrência desta imagem na obra da autora. Cada texto foi analisado de modo independente, para depois ser articulado ao conjunto, procurando, assim, atentar para o que havia de singular em cada aparição do espelho. Nosso corpus é constituído pelos romances Perto do coração selvagem (1945), Uma aprendizagem ou o livro dos prazeres (1969) e Água viva (1973). Também foram analisados contos de diferentes coletâneas, bem como crônicas da autora que apresentavam relevância para nosso estudo; deste conjunto, destacamos textos como A imitação da rosa (1960), Os Obedientes (1964) e A procura de uma dignidade (1974). Devido à particularidade do tema escolhido como fio condutor para a pesquisa, o aparato crítico e teórico foi selecionado de acordo com as necessidades internas de interpretação de texto, evitando, assim, a aplicação de fórmulas ou leituras determinantes, a fim de preservar a polissemia da imagem de espelho e a originalidade de sua configuração na obra de Clarice Lispector. / This dissertation aims at studying mirror images in Clarice Lispector\'s production. A recurrent image, the mirror appears in Lispector\'s fiction in several texts, being found in her chronicles, novels and short stories. The theme of the mirror unfolds in elements such as subjectivity, the double, perception and threshold, which show to be central aspects in this author\'s work. In our research, the mirror images have been related to other established critical axes for the study of Clarice Lispector, which include topics like identity and alterity. At the same time, we have looked into the specificity of the recurrence of this image in Lispector\'s literature. Each text was analyzed independently, and only then connected to the group of texts, in order to preserve what was unique about each mirror appearance. Our corpus consists of the novels Near to the wild heart (Perto do coração selvagem, 1945), An apprenticeship or the book of pleasures (Uma aprendizagem ou o livro dos prazeres, 1969) and Living water (Água viva, 1973). We have also analyzed short stories from different books, as well as chronicles which presented relevance to our study. We refer particularly to texts like The imitation of the rose (A imitação da rosa, 1960), Os Obedientes (1964) and A procura de uma dignidade (1974). Due to the particularity of the theme chosen as a motif for the research, the critical and theoretical apparatus used as support were chosen according to the internal interpretational needs of the texts, therefore avoiding the immediate use of reading formulas, in view of preserving the polissemy of the mirror image and the originality of its display in Lispector\'s work.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-05T12:59:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Meyer Barbuda Gradin.pdf: 1097151 bytes, checksum: d17bb90919633bfdb4d680b5f50b0ee0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T12:59:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Meyer Barbuda Gradin.pdf: 1097151 bytes, checksum: d17bb90919633bfdb4d680b5f50b0ee0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-14 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This research starts from the objective of deepening theoretical and clinical thinking about boredom and apathy, symptoms that have been reported in analysis in an increasingly significant number, both by young people, and by adults and children who experience an anesthetized existence, unmotivated and without pleasure; also starts from the enigmas and obstacles experienced in psychoanalytic clinic and aims to group knowledge about boredom and apathy, in order to propose an instrument of clinical management for cases of psychic suffering of individuals marked by such symptoms. It has, therefore, the nature of a psychoanalytic research, of theoretical-clinical order. From the listening of such cases, it is proposed in this work a classification of the manifestations of boredom and apathy, a choice that is made not by ode to the theory, but rather, with the intention of finding subsidies to differentiate each manifestation of the others in order to reflect on the possible clinical management. The appreciation of the symptoms of apathy and boredom is made from some vignettes and clinical cases. In the dissertation, it is also appreciated the performance of the analyst against such impasses. It seeks to understand how analytical management can enable a route of symbolization and access the ability to be alive to the bored or apathetic pacient. It is argued that, in such cases, the analyst should offer a space not only for deciphering verbal contents to meet the purposse of making que repressed material conscious, but, more broadly, to offer a space of continence of nonverbal aspects and forms of unconscious communication. It is maintained that clinical listening of boredom and apathy requires the analyst to adopt an ethics of care: the analysis must be a potential space that can enable an amplification of the analysand's capacity to represent his traumas and psychic pains that had to be silenced; a space that produces a fruitful encounter as well as the work of mourning of the analysand and his works of play and dreaming, so that he can invest in objects and recognize otherness in a non-threatening way / A presente pesquisa parte do objetivo de aprofundamento do pensamento teórico e clínico a respeito do tédio e da apatia, sintomas que vêm sendo relatados em análise em número cada vez mais significativo, tanto por jovens, quanto por adultos e crianças que experimentam uma existência anestesiada, desmotivada e sem prazer; parte dos enigmas e dos obstáculos vivenciados na clínica psicanalítica e tem como propósito agrupar conhecimentos sobre o tédio e a apatia, a fim de propor um instrumental de manejo clínico para casos de sofrimento psíquico de indivíduos marcados por esses sintomas. Ela tem, assim, a natureza de uma pesquisa em psicanálise, de ordem teórico-clínica. A partir da escuta analítica de tais casos, propõe-se neste trabalho uma classificação das modalidades de manifestação do tédio e da apatia, escolha que se faz não por ode à teoria, mas sim, com o intuito de encontrar subsídios para diferenciar cada manifestação das demais a fim de refletir sobre os manejos clínicos possíveis. A apreciação dos sintomas da apatia e do tédio é feita a partir de algumas vinhetas e casos clínicos. Busca-se entender de que forma o manejo analítico pode viabilizar uma rota de simbolização e a capacidade de estar vivo do analisando apático ou entediado. Defende-se que, nesses casos, o analista deve oferecer um espaço não só de decifração de conteúdos verbais para atender ao fim de tornar consciente o material reprimido, mas sim, de forma mais ampla, ofertar um espaço de continência de aspectos não-verbais e de formas de comunicação inconsciente. Sustenta-se que a escuta clínica do tédio e da apatia requer do analista a adoção de uma ética do cuidado: a análise há de ser um espaço potencial que possa viabilizar uma ampliação da capacidade de representação do analisando quanto aos seus traumas e dores psíquicas que tiveram que silenciar; um espaço que produza um encontro frutífero também quanto aos trabalhos de luto do analisando e os seus trabalhos do brincar e do sonhar, para que possa investir em objetos e reconhecer a alteridade de forma não ameaçadora

Esta dissertação apresenta uma reflexão sobre a minha produção artística desenvolvida ao longo dos últimos anos que tem como preocupação central a relação entre os conceitos de cotidiano, vazio e criação. O objetivo deste texto é entender de uma maneira abrangente o processo de criação do conjunto de obras apresentado, identificando e organizando os motivos que levaram à sua criação, os conceitos envolvidos, elementos e técnicas utilizadas para sua materialização. As questões referentes aos conceitos de cotidiano e vazio são apresentadas e discutidas, relacionando-as com o processo criativo e demais procedimentos próprios do fazer artístico. / This dissertation presents a reflection on my artistic production developed over the last years, which has as central concern the relation between the concepts of everyday-life, emptiness and creation. This text aims to explore in a comprehensive manner the issues involved during the creation of the presented works, identifying and organizing the reasons that led to the creation of these works, the concepts involved, the elements and techniques used for their materialization. The issues referring to the concepts of everyday-life and emptiness are presented, examined and related to the creative process and others art procedures.

Le parcours de l’écrivain français, François Cheng, d’origine chinoise, se situe en un lieu de rencontre privilégié, celui de la culture chinoise de sa jeunesse et de la culture occidentale issue du monde gréco-latin, qu’il fit sienne après son arrivée en France en 1947. La lecture de son œuvre poétique selon le double paradigme de la Voix orphique et de la Voie du Chan, mariage du bouddhisme indien et du taoïsme chinois, ouvre à l’analyse un vaste champ polysémique. L’objet de cette thèse est de montrer comment, dans l’anthologie poétique À l’orient de tout, cette dimension tensionnelle sous-tend l’écriture et conduit, entre convergence et divergence, change-échange, dialogue et silence, au déploiement du chant orphique dans l’espace de la métaphysique chinoise. Dans cet ordre cosmique à trois dimensions, dont le Vide est le fond indifférencié et le Dao le moteur de toutes choses, Voix et Voie entretiennent un dialogue naturel, intuition dont la notion rilkéenne de l’Ouvert a tenté de rendre compte. L’itinéraire spirituel de la Voix éveillée, trajectoire d’élévation à un pur re-voir et plongée dans la profondeur, ouvre le poème à un discret lyrisme de la vacuité, qui laisse transparaitre l’invisible à travers le visible et s’adonne au plaisir de re-nommer le monde. Répondre à ces exigences est pour le poète un défi linguistique et esthétique : par des stratégies appropriées, il doit conserver à travers la langue française le continuum du monde mais sans le soutien de l’idéographie, et se conformer au procès créateur de l’évolution et de la mutation d’une œuvre, dont la source est au cœur même du Principe immanent du Dao. / The course of the Chinese born French writer François Cheng, takes place between two cultures : the one of his youth Chinese culture and the one of the Western Greek-Latin world, which he adopted when he arrived in France in 1947. The reading of his poetic works according to both paradigms of orphic Chant and Way of Buddism Chan, junction of the Buddhism and Chinese Taoism, generate a vast polysemic field for analysis. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate how in the poetic anthology À l’orient de tout, this two dimensions sustain his writing and lead, between convergence and divergence, change-exchange, dialogue and silence, to the expansion of the orphic Chant in the Chinese metaphysic space. In this three dimensions cosmic order, where the emptiness is the bottomless Undifferentiated of Universe and the Dao, the active Principle of everything, Voice and Way converse through a natural dialogue, an intuition which Rilke’s notion of the Open tried to highlight. The spiritual path of the Awakened Voice rises into a pure vision and plunges into depth, which opens the poem to a discreet lyricism of vacuity, and suggests the invisible through the visible and devotes itself to rename the world. For the poet, the answer to these requirements is a linguistic and aesthetic challenge. With proper strategies, he must preserve the continuum of the world through the French language but without the support of ideography and must also abide by the creative process of endless evolution of the work, the source of which is the very heart of the immanent Principle of Dao.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma reflexão sobre a minha produção artística desenvolvida ao longo dos últimos anos que tem como preocupação central a relação entre os conceitos de cotidiano, vazio e criação. O objetivo deste texto é entender de uma maneira abrangente o processo de criação do conjunto de obras apresentado, identificando e organizando os motivos que levaram à sua criação, os conceitos envolvidos, elementos e técnicas utilizadas para sua materialização. As questões referentes aos conceitos de cotidiano e vazio são apresentadas e discutidas, relacionando-as com o processo criativo e demais procedimentos próprios do fazer artístico. / This dissertation presents a reflection on my artistic production developed over the last years, which has as central concern the relation between the concepts of everyday-life, emptiness and creation. This text aims to explore in a comprehensive manner the issues involved during the creation of the presented works, identifying and organizing the reasons that led to the creation of these works, the concepts involved, the elements and techniques used for their materialization. The issues referring to the concepts of everyday-life and emptiness are presented, examined and related to the creative process and others art procedures.

This project explores the idea of visual absence in relation to the notion of Chinese classical aesthetics of emptiness. The approaches is located in between representation and abstraction by combining the painting skills and expressions of Chinese Gong Bi [工笔] and Xie Yi [写意] with focuses on complementing visual clarity and obscurity. The aim of the research is to explore visual absence as a painting strategy in contemporary art practice, referring to the painting method of reduction, incompleteness and metaphor that extends the painting space and meaning through visual presence, thus unfurling an extended art form and creative strategy from Chinese classical aesthetics. The outcome is a series of paintings as an exploration in extending the Chinese painting aesthetics. This project is constituted of 80% practice-based work, accompanied by 20% exegesis in approximately 11,600 words as a complement.

日本學界曾針對緣起的意涵，引起一場論爭。例如宇井伯壽等人主張緣起是同時的邏輯關係，木村泰賢等人則認為緣起還有異時的因果面，另外上田義文還指出了緣起的寂滅面。 　　本文依據印順法師的主張，亦即因果不能分割為同時或異時，並且徵引龍樹的論文，重點地批評上述日本學者的意見。依阿含經，所謂緣起的定義是：此有故彼有，此無故彼無。而龍樹的空義是不二的，可以說無彼亦無此。而且，《大智度論》有法性不待因緣的說法，在龍樹那□，空性是等同於法性的，因此，向來所說緣起與空為同義的說法，有必要再釐清。本論文的第四章就做了這方面的嘗試。關於二諦，日本學界曾經提出許多關於語源學的研究，本論文則從《大智度論》尋找論據，證明龍樹所謂的世俗諦就是語言，亦即緣起的假名面；而勝義諦則是語言的寂滅性，亦即是空。二諦之間的關係則是相即。根據以上的研究成果，本文檢討了英美學界對於龍樹空性及二諦的詮釋。大致地區分，英美對於龍樹空義的詮釋經歷了三個階段：虛無主義，絕對主義及語言哲學的詮釋，本論文重點地評破了虛無主義的詮釋，對於後兩種詮釋則有所取捨。本文的貢獻在於提出《大智度論》中法性不待因緣的說法，從而使緣起與空的關係得到更多的理解。

This work studies new algorithms and data structures that are useful in the context of program verification. As computers have become more and more ubiquitous in our modern societies, an increasingly large number of computer-based systems are considered safety-critical. Such systems are characterized by the fact that a failure or a bug (computer error in the computing jargon) could potentially cause large damage, whether in loss of life, environmental damage, or economic damage. For safety-critical systems, the industrial software engineering community increasingly calls for using techniques which provide some formal assurance that a certain piece of software is correct. One of the most successful program verification techniques is model checking, in which programs are typically abstracted by a finite-state machine. After this abstraction step, properties (typically in the form of some temporal logic formula) can be checked against the finite-state abstraction, with the help of automated tools. Alternating automata play an important role in this context, since many temporal logics on words and trees can be efficiently translated into those automata. This property allows for the reduction of model checking to automata-theoretic questions and is called the automata-theoretic approach to model checking. In this work, we provide three novel approaches for the analysis (emptiness checking) of alternating automata over finite and infinite words. First, we build on the successful framework of antichains to devise new algorithms for LTL satisfiability and model checking, using alternating automata. These algorithms combine antichains with reduced ordered binary decision diagrams in order to handle the exponentially large alphabets of the automata generated by the LTL translation. Second, we develop new abstraction and refinement algorithms for alternating automata, which combine the use of antichains with abstract interpretation, in order to handle ever larger instances of alternating automata. Finally, we define a new symbolic data structure, coined lattice-valued binary decision diagrams that is particularly well-suited for the encoding of transition functions of alternating automata over symbolic alphabets. All of these works are supported with empirical evaluations that confirm the practical usefulness of our approaches. / Ce travail traite de l'étude de nouveaux algorithmes et structures de données dont l'usage est destiné à la vérification de programmes. Les ordinateurs sont de plus en plus présents dans notre vie quotidienne et, de plus en plus souvent, ils se voient confiés des tâches de nature critique pour la sécurité. Ces systèmes sont caractérisés par le fait qu'une panne ou un bug (erreur en jargon informatique) peut avoir des effets potentiellement désastreux, que ce soit en pertes humaines, dégâts environnementaux, ou économiques. Pour ces systèmes critiques, les concepteurs de systèmes industriels prônent de plus en plus l'usage de techniques permettant d'obtenir une assurance formelle de correction. Une des techniques de vérification de programmes les plus utilisées est le model checking, avec laquelle les programmes sont typiquement abstraits par une machine a états finis. Après cette phase d'abstraction, des propriétés (typiquement sous la forme d'une formule de logique temporelle) peuvent êtres vérifiées sur l'abstraction à espace d'états fini, à l'aide d'outils de vérification automatisés. Les automates alternants jouent un rôle important dans ce contexte, principalement parce que plusieurs logiques temporelle peuvent êtres traduites efficacement vers ces automates. Cette caractéristique des automates alternants permet de réduire le model checking des logiques temporelles à des questions sur les automates, ce qui est appelé l'approche par automates du model checking. Dans ce travail, nous étudions trois nouvelles approches pour l'analyse (le test du vide) desautomates alternants sur mots finis et infinis. Premièrement, nous appliquons l'approche par antichaînes (utilisée précédemment avec succès pour l'analyse d'automates) pour obtenir de nouveaux algorithmes pour les problèmes de satisfaisabilité et du model checking de la logique temporelle linéaire, via les automates alternants.Ces algorithmes combinent l'approche par antichaînes avec l'usage des ROBDD, dans le but de gérer efficacement la combinatoire induite par la taille exponentielle des alphabets d'automates générés à partir de LTL. Deuxièmement, nous développons de nouveaux algorithmes d'abstraction et raffinement pour les automates alternants, combinant l'usage des antichaînes et de l'interprétation abstraite, dans le but de pouvoir traiter efficacement des automates de grande taille. Enfin, nous définissons une nouvelle structure de données, appelée LVBDD (Lattice-Valued Binary Decision Diagrams), qui permet un encodage efficace des fonctions de transition des automates alternants sur alphabets symboliques. Tous ces travaux ont fait l'objet d'implémentations et ont été validés expérimentalement.

The Old Testament verbal expression of ‘the exile of Judah’ during the Babylonian exile has led to the perception that the land of Judah was emptied of all Judeans. This biblical expression is not necessarily contradictory to historical facts, but theologically and quality-orientated in nature. The exile of the elite from Jerusalem to Babylon, the execution of some of them and the flight of others to Egypt and other neighbouring states disrupted Jerusalem and rendered the city dysfunctional in every national sphere. The royal and religious services, which were based in Jerusalem, the capital city, were discontinued. The emptiness of Judah was signalled by the emptiness as regards the royal and religious authority wrought on Jerusalem by Babylon. Without their royalty, cult, trade, military and judiciary, Judah was indeed emptied and exiled. However, not all Judeans were exiled, for a remnant remained. There is almost no significant record of revelations by God in Judah during the exile, especially after compatriots that opted to flee to Egypt had forcefully taken Jeremiah with them. In addition to its land being emptied during the exile, Judah lost some of its land. The Judean identity in Judah disintegrated due to the influx of foreigners into the land and their subsequent influence on the remaining Judeans. Those that remained in Judah were unable to establish an exclusive Judean community and identity effectively; in any case, not before the Babylonian exiles returned early in the time of the Persian Empire. The paucity of information about the lifestyle in Judah during the exile attests to the veracity and rectitude of the theological concepts of the exile of Judah from 605 to 539 BCE. / Thesis (PhD (Old Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.