With its bold combination of epic style and vernacular prose, François Fénelon’s Les Aventures de Télémaque (1699) created a stir that preoccupied the literary, theatrical, musical, and art world throughout the eighteenth century. My dissertation places the novel at the centre of a crucial exchange between the French revisionist movement – with its mandate to redefine neoclassical theatre – and Italian dramma per musica in the second half of the eighteenth century. While littérateurs like Antoine Houdar de la Motte and Voltaire argued publicly over the theoretical viability of prose tragedy on the back of Télémaque, the operatic stage was actively absorbing and experimenting with principles of de la Motte’s new brand of theatre: a less compounded application of the Aristotelian unities, a bolder approach to character portrayal, a painterly approach to scenography, and an integration of tropes from the epic. I rely on two case studies to argue that dramma per musica began to adopt specific principles of de la Motte’s contentious “prose tragedy” genre: Vittorio Amedeo Cigna-Santi’s Mitridate libretto (set by Quirino Gasparini in 1767 and Mozart in 1770), which was based on the same Racine play that incited de la Motte and Voltaire’s animosity; and Giambattista Varesco’s Idomeneo, based on Danchet’s adaptation of Fénelon. Literary scholarship, familiar with the heated paper war incited by Fénelon’s novel thanks to Fabienne Moore and Romira Worville’s research, has so far paid little heed to the eighteenth-century operatic stage as the most prominent and sustained reworking of the neoclassical tragic tradition. In answer to Reinhard Strohm’s appeal to synthesize literary and musicological approaches towards a cross-disciplinary poetics of Enlightenment opera, I show that dramma per musica actively reconfigures a neoclassical tradition in flux alongside the century’s noisiest literary revisionist movement, reimagining theatrical praxis as part of a broader poetics of arts and letters.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Para a cultura clÃssica antiga, o gÃnero Ãpico parecia apresentar diferentes formas e possibilidades. à provÃvel que, para os antigos, o metro tenha sido o principal recurso para classificar os gÃneros literÃrios. Assim, um poema vertido em versos hexamÃtricos poderia ser de imediato identificado como um Ãpico. HÃ, contudo, diferenÃas entre os Ãpicos homÃricos e os hesiÃdicos, o que parece reforÃar a hipÃtese de o gÃnero Ãpico poder apresentar manifestaÃÃes distintas. Enquanto os Ãpicos homÃricos sÃo longos quanto à extensÃo e cantam feitos bÃlicos, os hesÃodicos sÃo breves e tÃm a preocupaÃÃo de transmitir um conhecimento. As GeÃrgicas, de VirgÃlio, filiam-se à composiÃÃo de tipo hesÃodico. Ainda que uma influÃncia helenÃstica seja percebida, o poema virgiliano segue caracterÃsticas de estrutura, forma e conteÃdo do Ãpico hesÃodico (que tambÃm pode ser chamado de Ãpos didÃtico); no entanto, em diversos passos parece exceder essas caracterÃsticas, deixando a impressÃo de que tambÃm manteria vÃnculos com a Ãpica homÃrica (ou com o chamado Ãpos heroico). Essa discussÃo sugere que a leitura do poema como didÃtico nÃo parece ser suficiente para sua classificaÃÃo de gÃnero, sugere tambÃm que o poema se insere numa espÃcie de progressÃo poÃtica que perfaz duas formas de Ãpos, o didÃtico e o heroico. / For the ancient classical culture, the epic genre seemed to have different shapes and possibilities. It is likely that, for the ancients, the meter has been the main resource for classifying literary genres. Thus, a poem composed into hexameter lines could be readily identified as an epic. However, there are differences between the Homeric and the Hesiodic epics which seem to reinforce the assumption that the epic genre could have different manifestations. While the Homeric epics are long as for the extent and sing the martial feats,the Hesiodic epics are brief and have the intent of transferring knowledge. The Virgilâs Georgics affiliated to the composition of Hesiodic type. Although a Hellenistic influence is perceived, the Virgilian poem follows characteristics of structure, shape and contents of the Hesiodic epic (which can also be called didactic epos). However, in several passages, the poem seems to exceed these characteristics, leaving the impression that also could maintain bonds to the Homeric epic (or the so-called heroic epos). This discussion suggests that the reading of the poem as didactic does not seem to be sufficient for the classification of genre, it also suggests that the poem is part of a kind of poetic progression that to goes through two forms of epos, heroic and didactic.

O objetivo desta tese é estudar os poemas homéricos do ponto de vista da história, a partir de um enfoque que consiga agregar uma análise de elementos internos e externos dos poemas. O ponto de articulação, o que direciona os temas a serem discutidos nesta tese, está relacionado a uma pergunta central: qual o papel da circulação da informação oral por longas distâncias e através do tempo nos poemas homéricos, seja do ponto de vista de sua própria composição e reprodução, seja do ponto de vista da representação dessas temáticas nas narrativas? Primeiramente, são analisadas as características da tradição poética da qual os poemas fazem parte. Em virtude da circulação em longas distâncias (espaciais e temporais) de formas orais de informação ser parte determinante para o que é mostrado aqui como o mecanismo de composição, apresentação, transmissão e recepção dos poemas da tradição hexamétrica, são propostas reflexões destas mesmas questões nas tramas dos poemas. O tipo de circulação da informação aqui enfocado abarca toda forma de transmissão que dependa da oralidade para ocorrer. Além disso, os processos que percorrem longas distâncias ou, ainda, têm alcance temporal mais extenso, são enfatizados. Nesse sentido, além dos mecanismos de funcionamento da composição e transmissão da poesia homérica e dos contextos históricos aos quais diriam respeito, as formas descritas nos poemas de circulação da informação são analisadas: os aedos e a própria circulação da poesia épica; os relatos, de diversos tipos; o espaço, as formas e os agentes envolvidos nesses processos de circulação. Na conclusão, a questão de se os poemas têm algo a dizer acerca da própria tradição de composição e transmissão de que fazem parte é debatida, articulando o que foi analisado tanto do ponto de vista interno, quanto do ponto de vista externo aos poemas. / The objective of this thesis is to study the Homeric poems from a historical point of view. The approach used intends to articulate an analysis of internal and external aspects of the poems. The juncture point, what propels the themes discussed in this thesis, is related to a central question: what is the role of the circulation of information through long distances and through time in the Homeric poems? This question is approached taking into account, first, the composition and transmission of this kind of poetry, and, second, the representation of those themes in the narratives themselves. The initial part of this study centers on the analysis of the poetic tradition the poems are part of. Because long ranged and long termed oral forms of circulation of information are a determinant part of what is shown here as the mechanics of composition, presentation, transmission and reception of the poems in this hexametric tradition, questions regarding those same issues are proposed in the study of their plot elements. The type of circulation of information here researched englobes all form of transmission that depends on orality to take place. Long distance and long-term processes are emphasized. In this sense, besides the composition and transmission mechanics of the Homeric poems and the historical contexts to which they are related, the poetic forms of circulation of information described in the Iliad and in the Odyssey are analyzed: the singers and the circulation of epic poetry; the many types of reports; the space, the forms and the agents involved in processes of circulation of information. In the conclusion, there is a debate of whether the Homeric poems have something to say regarding their own tradition of composition and transmission. Here, the themes analyzed relating both to internal and external elements of the poems are properly articulated.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-10-02T21:21:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Tavares da Silva - 2012.pdf: 1055978 bytes, checksum: d2a7767d7a1f7ab754c56a1229fd4812 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-02T21:28:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Tavares da Silva - 2012.pdf: 1055978 bytes, checksum: d2a7767d7a1f7ab754c56a1229fd4812 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-02T21:28:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Tavares da Silva - 2012.pdf: 1055978 bytes, checksum: d2a7767d7a1f7ab754c56a1229fd4812 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-03 / he present dissertation is about the long poem as a genre problem and style by the epic and the lyric, having as object, to develop the theme, three long poems from Gerardo Mello Mourão: Susana, “Suíte do couro ou louvação do couro” (“The leather’s suite or the leather’s laudation”) e “O País dos mourões” (“The country of Mourões”). To start our research, we start from the concept that the history of the long poem was linked to the history of epic and medieval poem until the emerging of Romantism – when the epic united itself to the lyric one (HEGEL, 1997, p. 551). In fact, before Romantism, the long poem was actually the epic poem, cause the classic authors, and the ones before them, was attached to the form to make their poems and the traditional form for a long poem was the epic. The romantic poets broke with the classic formalism, cause they sing about the feelings they are having, wich means, there is an immersion of the subject on the poetic discourse and the used for is a consequence of this. After that, they can composse poems in anyway they want to, with the propose to express the feelings of the moment. Because of that, we consider the long poem, as we know, as a product of Romantism, created from the broke to the classic formalism. / O presente trabalho refere-se ao poema longo como um problema de gênero e estilo pelo épico e pelo lírico, tendo como objetos, para discorrer sobre o tema, três poemas longos de Gerardo Mello Mourão: Susana, “Suíte do couro ou louvação do couro” e “País dos mourões”. Para iniciar nossa pesquisa partimos da concepção de que a história do poema longo esteve vinculada à da poesia épica e medieval até o surgimento do Romantismo – quando o épico se imiscuiu de características do gênero lírico (HEGEL, 1997, p. 551). Na verdade, antes do Romantismo o poema longo era de fato o poema épico, pois os clássicos (ou seja, os poetas do Classicismo) e os que os precederam prendiam-se à forma para a feitura de seus poemas e a forma tradicional para um poema longo era o poema épico. Os românticos rompem com o formalismo clássico, pois cantam o sentimento que têm, ou seja, há uma imersão do sujeito no discurso poético e a forma usada é uma consequência dessa imersão. A partir daí, eles passam a compor poemas da maneira e na forma que lhes convenha, com o único objetivo de expressar o sentimento a que são acometidos no momento. Por esse motivo, consideramos que o poema longo, como o conhecemos na contemporaneidade, é um fruto do Romantismo, criado a partir do rompimento com o formalismo clássico.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a forma épica na peça We, the People, escrita pelo dramaturgo norte-americano Elmer Rice [1892-1967]. Essa peça, composta por vinte cenas e mais de quarenta personagens, foi escrita em 1932 e encenada em 1933, nos Estados Unidos, dentro de um dos períodos mais conturbados da história norte-americana: a Grande Depressão [1929 até o final dos anos 1930]. Pretende-se analisar a esfera formal de We, the People, dedicando particular atenção aos recursos empregados para a representação de questões sócio-históricas. Considerando-se que essas questões não são representáveis enquanto tais por meio da estrutura dramática convencional, e que pertencem ao âmbito formal do épico, o trabalho tratará de examinar e discutir o uso de recursos épicos de concepção dramatúrgica e seus efeitos dentro da peça. / This work aims at analyzing the epic form in the play We, the People written by the American playwright Elmer Rice [1892-1967]. This play is composed of twenty scenes and more than forty characters; it was written in 1932 and presented in 1933 in the United States of America during one of the most troubled period of the American history: the Great Depression [1929 end of the 1930s]. We intend to analyze the formal aspects of We, the People focusing mostly on the expedients used to represent socio-historical issues. Considering that these issues cannot be represented by using the conventional dramatic structure and that they belong to the epic form, this work will examine and debate the use of epic theater expedients and its effects in the play.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e comparar as peças Death of a Salesman [Morte dum caixeiro viajante] (1949), do dramaturgo americano Arthur Miller (1915-2005), e Rasga Coração (1974), do dramaturgo brasileiro Oduvaldo Vianna Filho (Vianinha) (1936-1974), especialmente em relação aos elementos épicos presentes nelas. Ambas as obras possuem uma estrutura formal que apresenta passado e presente simultaneamente no palco. Uma vez que uma peça dramática pressupõe sempre o tempo presente exposto cenicamente, o fato de o passado ser parte estrutural de Death of a Salesman e Rasga Coração já o transforma num primeiro importante traço épico das duas obras. A partir daí, vários outros elementos épicos serão apontados e examinados durante o trabalho sendo que estes elementos são importantes na representação dos conflitos sócio-históricos presentes nos Estados Unidos dos anos 40 e no Brasil nas primeiras sete dé-cadas do século XX. Outro aspecto que as duas peças apresentam em comum é o fato de analisarem um conflito geracional entre pai e filho(s), que representa, ao mesmo tempo, o conflito entre forças sociais e históricas maiores. Estudar quais são estas forças sociais representadas é também objetivo da pesquisa. Isto fará com que semelhanças e diferen-ças entre as obras e seus contextos apareçam e sejam discutidas. / The objective of this research is to analyze and compare the plays Death of a Salesman (1949), by the American playwright Arthur Miller (1915-2005), and Rasga Coração, by the Brazilian playwright Oduvaldo Vianna Filho (Vianinha) (1936-1974), especially concerning their use of epic elements. Both plays have a formal structure that presents past and present simultaneously on stage. Since a dramatic work always presupposes the scenic exposure of the present as a central characteristic, the fact that the past is part of the structure of Death of a Salesman and Rasga Coração transforms it into the most important epic element in both plays. Other epic elements of importance for the repre-sentation of social and historical conflicts of the United States in the forties and of Bra-zil in the first seven decades of the XX century will be examined as well. Another char-acteristic shared by these two plays is the fact that they discuss the generation conflict between father and son(s) in a way that combines the representation of private family affairs to the one of bigger social and historical forces. To study the nature of these so-cial forces represented in the two plays is another objective of this research, which will discuss and point out similarities and differences between them and their respective so-cial contexts.

<p>Типолошке одреднице у проучавању женских ликова епских народних песама показују стварни значај јунакиња и њихову позицију у епском систему. Испитане су функције женских ликова, степен и врста њихових активности у структури песме (од пасивне позиције до изразито активне) и типови односа, нарочито према мушким ликовима и утврђен је велики број позитивних женских ликова у односу на негативне.<br />Епски контекст најчешће одражава реалну позицију жене и оквире у којима се стварају изузетни, велики и свевремени ликови епских јунакиња. Породични, социјални, митски, историјски и психолошки оквири, као и поетика епског песништва, моделују типове јунакиња (тип мајке, љубе, невесте, сестре, ћерке, девојке и виле) преко бинарних опозитних парова и женски ликови у Вуковим епском песмама сагледани су као комплексни и семантички разноврсни типови. Прецизна позиција јунакиње у песми значи откривање смисла њених речи и дејства који су рефлекс правила традиционалне културе. Носећи у себи многе особине несвојствене мушком свету, женски лик открива колико моћи, знања, снаге и храбрости припада женском начелу, када постаје подршка или опасност и зашто је народни певач најјачу одбрану патријархалног устројства поверио управо женским ликовима.</p> / <p>Tipološke odrednice u proučavanju ženskih likova epskih narodnih pesama pokazuju stvarni značaj junakinja i njihovu poziciju u epskom sistemu. Ispitane su funkcije ženskih likova, stepen i vrsta njihovih aktivnosti u strukturi pesme (od pasivne pozicije do izrazito aktivne) i tipovi odnosa, naročito prema muškim likovima i utvrđen je veliki broj pozitivnih ženskih likova u odnosu na negativne.<br />Epski kontekst najčešće odražava realnu poziciju žene i okvire u kojima se stvaraju izuzetni, veliki i svevremeni likovi epskih junakinja. Porodični, socijalni, mitski, istorijski i psihološki okviri, kao i poetika epskog pesništva, modeluju tipove junakinja (tip majke, ljube, neveste, sestre, ćerke, devojke i vile) preko binarnih opozitnih parova i ženski likovi u Vukovim epskom pesmama sagledani su kao kompleksni i semantički raznovrsni tipovi. Precizna pozicija junakinje u pesmi znači otkrivanje smisla njenih reči i dejstva koji su refleks pravila tradicionalne kulture. Noseći u sebi mnoge osobine nesvojstvene muškom svetu, ženski lik otkriva koliko moći, znanja, snage i hrabrosti pripada ženskom načelu, kada postaje podrška ili opasnost i zašto je narodni pevač najjaču odbranu patrijarhalnog ustrojstva poverio upravo ženskim likovima.</p> / <p>Typological distinctions in the study of female characters in Serbianepic poetry show the real importance of heroines and their position in the epic system. We analysed functions of female characters, level and kind of their activities in the structure of a poem (from passive position to an extremely active) as well as types of their relationships, especially with male characters and found out that the number of positive female characters exceeded the one of negative.<br />Epic context usually expresses the real position of a woman and the framework within which exceptional, great and timelesscharacters of epic heroines have beencreated. Family, social, mythical, historical and psychological frames, as well as the epic poetry, model the types of these heroines (type of a mother, beloved one, bride, sister, daughter, girlfriend and fairy) throughbinary opposing pairs and female characters in Vuk<br />Karadžić&rsquo;s epic poems have been perceived as complex and semantically diverse types.The precise position of heroines within a poem means revealing the meaning of her wordsand activities and the effect which is the reflection of the rules of traditional culture. A female character, bearing in itself many features uncharacteristic for the man&rsquo;s world, reveals how much power, knowledge, strength and courage belongs to the female principle, when it becomes a support or a danger and why the strongest defense of the patriarchal systemhas been given to female characters.</p>

Firstly in digression Byron presents a national reality which gradually displaces his cherished cosmopolitan ideals. Among many other pressing problems of his day, political renegades, the paradox of scientific innovations, the rise of intellectual ladies and the commoditization of marriage and family constitute the tangible part of Byron's domestic recalling. With retrospective commentaries Byron fulfills the act of imagining native land; and in this regard nationalism is the spiritual support of the expatriate existence. / I propose to comprehend the perceptive gap by focusing on Don Juan which best contextualizes Byron in the flow of historicity with the dimension of nationalism. I intend to delve into three structural units of Don Juan---digression, narrative, a lyric song---to argue that Byronic contradictions manifest nationalism in its multiple contingencies. / In conclusion Don Juan reveals that Byron's participation in the modern historicity of nationalism involves three dimensions---residual cosmopolitan ideals, English national consciousness and the independence of the oppressed nations. Don Juan embodies a historical magnetic field where Byron's existence actualizes the potential conflict of the modernity. / Secondly by reading Don Juan as the quest romance of the individual initiation, I bring the narrative into scrutiny and argue that the hero's transformation involves an implicit evolution of the national identification. In terms of subjective consciousness, nationalism embodies the mature vision of masculine selfhood. Don Juan's encounter with both female and male characters, through his repeated border-crossing, illuminates a metaphorical process from rejection to embrace of native roots, from negation to affirmation of national bonds Juan's rite of passage---sexual initiation, surviving shipwreck, the trial of the exotic love and battlefield and diplomacy---transmits a national subjectivity which corresponds to the Byronic existence of mobility. / The dissertation explores the discrepancy between critical reception towards Byron as a Romantic poet in contemporary Romantic scholarship and in Chinese historical evaluation (with certain reference to the European Continent). Byronic contradictions pose a problem to Romantic scholars who are engaged to interpret the interplay between Byron the man and Byron the poet. They share the view that Byron succeeds in manipulating his own personal image to promote his poetical visibility and tend to doubt if his poems could stand alone without the reference to his letters and journals. In China, as in many other countries of European Continent and Asia, Byron is often viewed in a more positive way as the very name has become a byword for liberal nationalism and the rebellion against tyranny / Thirdly 'Isles of Greece' adds an alternative yet prospective dimension to perceive the tension between national anxiety and modernity. In English context its meanings vary as the contextual focus shifts from poetical to socio-biographical and to existential level. The theme of the national independence is complicated by its negative elements such as the identity of the songster. In the Chinese context, 'the Isles of Greece' initiates and embodies a myth-making process as it gives vent to the anxiety of modernity faced by Chinese people in the opening of the twentieth century. The individual shaping of the 'Isles' by three Chinese intellectual pioneers symbolizes the simultaneous awakening of Chinese national consciousness and individual consciousness. The extended reading of Byron by Lu Xun, together with his reworking, voices the existential dilemma of modern enlighteners. His invocation of 'Mara poets' is prophetic of the modern intellectuals who possess both vision and willpower to eradicate ignorance and public apathy. / Gu, Yao. / Adviser: Ching Yuet May. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-173). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Análise histórico-literária do poema épico De Gestis Mendi de Saa, escrito por José de Anchieta no século XVI. Sob a perspectiva de uma época de reforma e contra-reforma religiosa, procurou-se mostrar como as guerras figuradas, neste poema, pelo padre Anchieta imitam os discursos de autoridades como Santo Agostinho e Tomás de Aquino e o direito canônico vigente do Concílio de Trento. Neste embate de bandeira católica contra bandeira protestante em terras brasílicas, os índios serão figurados não como inimigos dos portugueses, mas, por serem pagãos, do próprio Deus de Roma que, por meio do herói desta epopéia, busca a inserção deles no mundo cristão. / A historical and literary analysis of the epic poem \"De Gestis Mendi de Saa\", written by José de Anchieta in the 16th century. Under a perspective of religious Reformation and Counter-reformation period, this work tried to demonstrate how the depicted wars in this poem by the priest José de Anchieta imitate the speeches of the medieval authorities - Saint Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas - and the canonical law of the Council of Trent time. In this struggle between catholic and protestant flags in Brazilian soil, the Indians are considered as non-enemies of the Portuguese, but for being gentile, also of the very roman God that by means of the hero of this epic pursues their insertion through the Christian world.