This thesis deals with slash fanfiction and yaoi manga, disparate yet similar phenomena of fan culture. Yaoi manga as genre of Japanese comics created by women and dedicated to women , and slash fanfiction as women's reaction to pop culture generally made by male authors, are both genres dealing with a romantic relationship between two men characters. This relationship is portrayed as an innocent romantic story as well as a hardcore pornography. The autor aims to describe the terms and inctroduce some of the most influential approaches to research of the topic. Author is interested in the issue in the way of cultural and gender approach. Cultural perspective provides a summary of approaches of Frankfurt and Birmingham schools, clarifys point of view of Abercrombie and Longhurst and other authors on the current and future trends in development of audiences. Mapping the internet, important space for the fan communitiy, is also a part of this paper. Gender perspective provides a description of the points of view on the women's status in popular culture, explains the motivation of the readers/authors related to the issue of homosexuality, and describes opinions of different feminisms about pornography. Research among fangirls and fanboys or authors of slash fanfiction and yaoi manga is included.

Kvinnlig ejakulation har på olika sätt skildrats sedan början av vår tideräkning och beskrivningar av den och av kvinnans sexualitet har varierat beroende på historisk kontext. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilken roll forskning kan spela i att definiera den kvinnliga sexualiteten, med debatten om den kvinnliga ejakulationen mellan 1978-2018 som exempel. För att kontextualisera debatten har även feministiska skildringar under samma period inkluderats. Materialet har bestått av vetenskapliga artiklar, annan litteratur samt olika typer av internetkällor som berör den kvinnliga ejakulationen. Materialet har analyserats med hjälp av en foucauldiansk genealogisk diskursanalys, med socialkonstruktivism som grund. Debatten kan delas upp i tre diskursiva spår som följer varandra kronologiskt. Det första diskursiva spåret fokuserar på det forskningsfält som växte fram under 1980-talet där huvudsyftet var att normalisera och ge vetenskapligt underlag för den kvinnliga ejakulationen. Det andra diskursiva spåret skildrar hur företrädare för den sexpositiva feminismen anammade kvinnlig ejakulation som en symbol för makt över den egna kroppen och sexualiteten. Det tredje diskursiva spåret skildrar hur fenomenet återupptäcktes med hjälp av andra forskningsmetoder men också hur kvinnlig ejakulation beskrevs som en dysfunktion, vilket väckt starka motreaktioner utanför forskningsfältet. Trots att fenomenet är känt sedan lång tid tillbaka går uppfattningarna fortfarande isär och bilden av den kvinnliga ejakulationen varierar beroende på vilken sorts kunskap som har legitimitet. Förståelsen av kvinnlig ejakulation är starkt beroende av forskningens definition av den. Detta synliggörs när den kvinnliga ejakulationen går från att beskrivas som ett sexuellt fenomen till ett sjukligt till följd av att urinmarkörer uppmärksammats i den utsöndrade vätskan. Forskares agerande kan förstås som en patologisering av den kvinnliga sexualiteten. / Female ejaculation has been portrayed in various ways since the beginning of our era and descriptions of it and of women’s sexuality have varied depending on historical context. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of scientific research in defining female sexuality, with the debate on female ejaculation between 1978-2018 as an example. In order to contextualize the debate, the feminist portrayal during the same period has also been included. The material has consisted of scientific literature, other literature and various types of internet sources that refers to the female ejaculation. We analyzed the material using a Foucauldian genealogical discourse analysis, with social constructivism at the core. The debate can be divided into three discursive tracks that follow each other chronologically. The first discursive track focuses on the research field that emerged during the 1980s, in which the main intention was to normalize and provide scientific evidence for the female ejaculation. The second discursive track describes how representatives of sex-positive feminism embraced female ejaculation as a symbol of power over one’s own body and sexuality. The third discursive track portrays how the phenomenon was rediscovered using other research methods, but also how female ejaculation was described as a dysfunction, which caused strong counter-reactions outside of the scientific research field. Although this phenomenon has been known for a long time, perceptions still differ and the image of it varies depending on what kind of knowledge that is legitimate at a certain point in time. The understanding of female ejaculation is strongly dependent on definition of it in scientific research. This is made visible when the female ejaculation changes from being described as a sexual phenomenon to a diseased one due to the fact that urinary markers have been detected in the emission fluid. Scientists' actions can be understood as a pathologization of female sexuality.

Feminist scholars have focused on the Gothic as a medium for expressing the horrors of female experience in a patriarchal society. This study examines Gothic awareness in Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey and Silvia Moreno-Garcia’s Mexican Gothic.The first part of the study focuses on Gothic awareness in relation to female sexuality and the threat of sexual violence from a feminist and psychoanalytic point of view.The second part of the analysis focuses on Gothic awareness in relation to domestic entrapment from a feminist point of view. In the third and final part of the study, Gothic awareness is analysed in relation to class and ethnicity from a Marxist and a postcolonial perspective. It is concluded that in Northanger Abbey, Catherine's lack of Gothic awareness stops her from becoming a victim, but also stops her from recognising the Gothic dangers surrounding her, whereas in Mexican Gothic, Noemí’s growing Gothic awareness enables her to take action against the Gothic dangers she faces. In both works, Gothic genre conventions are appropriated in order to convey the dangers faced by women in the worlds of the novels, but also subverted in order to show that women are more than passive victims.

Sverige har under en längre period utgjort de OECD-land med ett av de högsta antal förlossningsskador. Historiskt har förlossningsvården varit en sfär för kvinnor. Medicinvetenskapen intog emellertid en allt mer betydande roll under 1800-talet och läkarkåren utgjordes av män. Den gravida kvinnan blev en patologisk kropp. Följden har lett till att kvinnor föder i gynställning och bristningar är standard. Syftet med studien har utgjorts av att, genom Foucaults teori om biomakt undersöka hur en svensk, samhällelig och medicinsk normalisering av förlossningsskador kan förstås som en följd av medikalisering av kvinnlig sexualitet och reproduktion. Med ett konstruktivistiskt angreppssätt baserat på upplevelser och definitionsprocesser har kvinnors subjektiva erfarenheter av sina skador studerats genom strukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet skildrar en statlig inverkan i reproduktionsfrågor och dess disciplinerande kontrollorgan, inte minst inom mödra- och barnahälsovården. Känslor av skam, skuld, litenhet och förminskande är upplevelser bemötandet i vården orsakat. Samhället är aktiva i att upprätthålla realiteten för kvinnorna och förmedlas diskursivt, då kvinnan som gör anspråk på den egna kroppen kategoriseras som avvikande. Det saknas ett psykosocialt inriktat stöd i vårdkedjan. / For a long period of time Sweden has been an OECD-country with one of the highest quantity of obstetric injuries. Childbirth has mainly been a sphere for women historically. Medical science however took an increasingly significant role during the 19th century and the profession mainly contained men. The pregnant woman became a pathological body. The consequence has led to women giving birth in lithotomy position and obstetric trauma is standard. The aim of this study has been, through Foucaults theory of bio power, analyse how a Swedish, social and medical normalization of obstetric injuries can be understood as a result of medicalization of the female sexuality and reproductivity. With a constructivist approach, the subjective experiences of their obstetric injuries has been analysed via structured interviews with women. The result shows a public impact in questions regarding female reproductivity and sexuality from the institute administrators. Emotional states of shame, guilt, pity and diminishing occur by the encounter with the institutes. Societies maintain the reality for women and mediate it discursively, since women who claim their bodies as their own are abnormal. Psychosocial support lacks in the care chain.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina Ferreira da Rosa Ribeiro.pdf: 792731 bytes, checksum: 7c1c54299532a5b866af277b04f1a74d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main aim of this study was to find grounds and support from the psychoanalytical literature for the existence of specific psychological vicissitudes along the path from baby to girl to woman. The concepts put forward by certain psychoanalysts regarding this very intricate relationship and their effects on the continual challenge of becoming a woman and on the transmission of feminineness were investigated and analyzed. Freud s observations on the inexorable suppression that covers up the primordial relationship between mothers and their daughters were the starting point. Expressions for the nuances of the vestiges of this archaic relationship with mothers were sought; for daughters, their mothers are both the primary and the secondary objects of identification. Mothers eroticize their baby girls, leaving sensual traces for future adult enjoyment of female sexuality. In this relationship of like that engenders like, there is a potential risk of narcissistic entrapment and symbiotic illusion. Hostility between mothers and daughters was taken to be a search for psychological differentiation, which is always present to a greater or lesser extent. The passion between mother and daughter was shown firstly through the myth of Demeter and Persephone. The tragedy of Electra was dealt with as the other face of passion: hate. The conceptual framework surrounding feminineness in psychoanalysis was investigated and linked in, and the origin and development of the following concepts was explained: primary female identification (Paulo de Carvalho Ribeiro), primary homosexuality (Jacqueline Godfrind), primary female position or phase of feminineness (Melanie Klein) and primary maternalism and primary femaleness (Florence Guignard). The film Autumn Sonata by Ingmar Bergman was analyzed, focusing on the unsustainable nostalgia of meeting the mother, which was always dreamed of and never achieved. Continuing the reflections on the film, the male viewpoint and its indissociable dialectic connection with the female viewpoint is demonstrated. This coming together between female and male viewpoints brings to the fore the concept of psychological bisexuality. The different objective rules of mothers and fathers were also discussed. Two clinical constructions were presented: Zoe and Liz. Finally, the preciousness and tanatic , or the strength and vulnerability of the transmission of the feminineness from mothers to daughters were investigated / O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é fundamentar e sustentar, pela literatura psicanalítica, a existência de vicissitudes psíquicas específicas na trajetória bebê-menina- mulher. Investigo e analiso as concepções levantadas por alguns psicanalistas sobre tão intrincada relação, e seus efeitos no contínuo desafio de tornar-se mulher, assim como na transmissão da feminilidade. Parto das observações de Freud sobre o recalque inexorável que encobre os primórdios da relação de uma mãe com sua filha. Busco explicitar as nuances dos vestígios dessa relação arcaica com a mãe, que é, para a menina, tanto o objeto de identificação primário quanto o secundário. É a mãe quem erotiza seu bebê menina, deixando marcas sensuais para o futuro desfrutar adulto da sexualidade feminina. Há nessa relação do mesmo que engendra o mesmo, um risco pontecializado para a cilada narcísica e a ilusão simbiótica. A hostilidade entre mãe e filha é compreendida como uma busca de diferenciação psíquica, sempre presente, em maior ou menor intensidade. Apresento a paixão entre mãe e filha, primeiramente no mito de Deméter e Perséfone; abordo a tragédia de Electra como a outra face da paixão o ódio. Investigo e articulo a trama conceitual que cerca a concepção da feminilidade em psicanálise, e faço uma explanação da origem e desenvolvimento dos seguintes conceitos: identificação feminina primária (Paulo de Carvalho Ribeiro) homossexualidade primária (Jacqueline Godfrind), posição feminina primária ou fase da feminilidade (Melanie Klein) e, o materno primário e o feminino primário (Florence Guignard). Analiso o filme Sonata de Outono de Ingmar Bergman, sob o enfoque da insustentável nostalgia do encontro com a mãe, sempre sonhado e jamais alcançado. Na continuidade da reflexão a respeito do filme, coloco em evidência o olhar masculino e sua indissociável e dialética articulação com o olhar feminino. Essa aproximação entre o feminino e o masculino traz à tona o conceito de bissexualidade psíquica. O estatuto diverso da mãe e do pai como objeto também é discutido. Apresento duas construções clínicas: Zoe e Liz. Enfim, investigo o precioso e o tanático ou a força e a vulnerabilidade da transmissão da feminilidade de mãe em filha

Introdução: Embora a contracepção seja bastante prevalente no Brasil (77%), apenas dois métodos predominam: o contraceptivo hormonal oral e a esterilização cirúrgica (LT). No entanto a LT não é inócua e pode trazer diversas conseqüências para a vida dessas mulheres que se submetem a ela. Dentre estas pode estar a deterioração da função sexual o que seria contraditório visto que a LT objetiva uma vida sexual melhor, menos atemorizada pelo medo da gravidez. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a função sexual de mulheres submetidas à LT. Métodos: Estudo transversal de 235 casos, representativos de 1826, com dados obtidos através de inquérito da função sexual entre as mulheres laqueadas pelo SUS em Ribeirão Preto(SP) entre 2000 e 2004, utilizando-se o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) adaptado para o contexto brasileiro. Resultados: As entrevistadas tinham em média 35,9 anos e foram esterilizadas em média aos 33,3 anos; 89,8% estavam em união marital, 57,9% declararam-se brancas e 66,8%, católicas, tinham em média 6,1 anos de estudo e 76,6% pertenciam às classes C e D; 93,4% referiram ter um bom relacionamento conjugal e 59,5% declararam que o relacionamento não mudou após o procedimento. A média de filhos vivos foi 3,2, resultaram aborto 8,8% das gestações, 71,2% resultaram partos vaginais e 28,8%, cesáreas; 52,3% usaram pílula 6 meses antes da cirurgia; 98,7% responderam estar satisfeita com a cirurgia e 6,8% referiram dor pélvica. Em geral, 32,5% das mulheres apresentaram escores de índice com risco para disfunção sexual medido pelo FSFI. Foi observada associação entre a variável disfunção sexual e categoria de escolaridade, renda per capita, dor pélvica, número de gravidezes, número de partos vaginais e de cesáreas. Observou-se correlação negativa entre o escore de função sexual e o número de filhos vivos e correlação positiva entre o escore e renda familiar, renda per capita e os valores de classificação econômica. Conclusão: A partir dos dados obtidos, pôde-se observar que dentre as mulheres laqueadas do estudo a presença de disfunção sexual estava associada à dor pélvica e maior número de cesarianas, assim como a situações ligadas à vulnerabilidade social (baixa renda e escolaridade e maior número de filhos). / Introduction: Although contraception is high prevalent in Brazil (77%), only two methods prevail: the hormonal pills and the surgical sterilization. However female sterilization is not innocuous and it can bring several consequences for those women\'s life. Among these consequences it can be to deterioration of the sexual function what is contradictory sees that the use of contraceptional methods aims at a better sexual life, less frightened by the fear of pregnancy. The present study had as objective evaluates the women\'s sexual function submitted to LT. Methods: prevalence study of 235 cases, representative of 1826, with data obtained through inquiry of the sexual function among the women sterilized by the public health system in Ribeirão Preto(SP) between 2000 and 2004. There has been used the Sexual Female Function Index (FSFI) adapted for the Brazilian context. Results: The interviewees were 35,9 years old on average and they were sterilized on average to the 33,3 years; 89,8% were in marital union, 57,9% pronounced white and 66,8%, catholic, they had on average of 6,1 years of study and 76,6% belonged to the classes C and D; 93,4% referred to have a good matrimonial relationship and 59,5% declared that the relationship didn\'t change after the procedure. The alive children\'s average was 3,2, 8,8% of the gestations resulted abortion, 71,2% resulted vaginal childbirths and 28,8%, cesarean; 52,3% used pill 6 months before the surgery; 98,7% answered to be satisfied with the surgery and 6,8% referred pelvic pain. In general, 32,5% of the women presented index scores with risk for sexual dysfunction measured by FSFI. Association was observed between the variable sexual dysfunction and education category, per capita income, pelvic pain, number of pregnancies, number of vaginal childbirths and of Cesarean. Negative correlation was observed between the score of sexual function and the number of alive children and positive correlation among the score and surrender family, per capita income and the values of economical classification. Conclusion: Starting from the obtained data, it could be observed that among the sterilized women the presence of sexual dysfunction was associated to the pelvic pain and larger number of cesarean operations, as well as linked situations to the social vulnerability (low income and education and larger number of children).

Introdução: Embora a contracepção seja bastante prevalente no Brasil (77%), apenas dois métodos predominam: o contraceptivo hormonal oral e a esterilização cirúrgica (LT). No entanto a LT não é inócua e pode trazer diversas conseqüências para a vida dessas mulheres que se submetem a ela. Dentre estas pode estar a deterioração da função sexual o que seria contraditório visto que a LT objetiva uma vida sexual melhor, menos atemorizada pelo medo da gravidez. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a função sexual de mulheres submetidas à LT. Métodos: Estudo transversal de 235 casos, representativos de 1826, com dados obtidos através de inquérito da função sexual entre as mulheres laqueadas pelo SUS em Ribeirão Preto(SP) entre 2000 e 2004, utilizando-se o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) adaptado para o contexto brasileiro. Resultados: As entrevistadas tinham em média 35,9 anos e foram esterilizadas em média aos 33,3 anos; 89,8% estavam em união marital, 57,9% declararam-se brancas e 66,8%, católicas, tinham em média 6,1 anos de estudo e 76,6% pertenciam às classes C e D; 93,4% referiram ter um bom relacionamento conjugal e 59,5% declararam que o relacionamento não mudou após o procedimento. A média de filhos vivos foi 3,2, resultaram aborto 8,8% das gestações, 71,2% resultaram partos vaginais e 28,8%, cesáreas; 52,3% usaram pílula 6 meses antes da cirurgia; 98,7% responderam estar satisfeita com a cirurgia e 6,8% referiram dor pélvica. Em geral, 32,5% das mulheres apresentaram escores de índice com risco para disfunção sexual medido pelo FSFI. Foi observada associação entre a variável disfunção sexual e categoria de escolaridade, renda per capita, dor pélvica, número de gravidezes, número de partos vaginais e de cesáreas. Observou-se correlação negativa entre o escore de função sexual e o número de filhos vivos e correlação positiva entre o escore e renda familiar, renda per capita e os valores de classificação econômica. Conclusão: A partir dos dados obtidos, pôde-se observar que dentre as mulheres laqueadas do estudo a presença de disfunção sexual estava associada à dor pélvica e maior número de cesarianas, assim como a situações ligadas à vulnerabilidade social (baixa renda e escolaridade e maior número de filhos). / Introduction: Although contraception is high prevalent in Brazil (77%), only two methods prevail: the hormonal pills and the surgical sterilization. However female sterilization is not innocuous and it can bring several consequences for those women\'s life. Among these consequences it can be to deterioration of the sexual function what is contradictory sees that the use of contraceptional methods aims at a better sexual life, less frightened by the fear of pregnancy. The present study had as objective evaluates the women\'s sexual function submitted to LT. Methods: prevalence study of 235 cases, representative of 1826, with data obtained through inquiry of the sexual function among the women sterilized by the public health system in Ribeirão Preto(SP) between 2000 and 2004. There has been used the Sexual Female Function Index (FSFI) adapted for the Brazilian context. Results: The interviewees were 35,9 years old on average and they were sterilized on average to the 33,3 years; 89,8% were in marital union, 57,9% pronounced white and 66,8%, catholic, they had on average of 6,1 years of study and 76,6% belonged to the classes C and D; 93,4% referred to have a good matrimonial relationship and 59,5% declared that the relationship didn\'t change after the procedure. The alive children\'s average was 3,2, 8,8% of the gestations resulted abortion, 71,2% resulted vaginal childbirths and 28,8%, cesarean; 52,3% used pill 6 months before the surgery; 98,7% answered to be satisfied with the surgery and 6,8% referred pelvic pain. In general, 32,5% of the women presented index scores with risk for sexual dysfunction measured by FSFI. Association was observed between the variable sexual dysfunction and education category, per capita income, pelvic pain, number of pregnancies, number of vaginal childbirths and of Cesarean. Negative correlation was observed between the score of sexual function and the number of alive children and positive correlation among the score and surrender family, per capita income and the values of economical classification. Conclusion: Starting from the obtained data, it could be observed that among the sterilized women the presence of sexual dysfunction was associated to the pelvic pain and larger number of cesarean operations, as well as linked situations to the social vulnerability (low income and education and larger number of children).

<p>The Sound and the Fury is William Faulkner’s story of the Compson family’s downfall in the American South during the early 20th century. The novel illustrates the impact on the cultural identity of the South of strictly defined social roles and the tension they created in the aftermath of slavery and defeat in the Civil War. In my analysis, I have chosen to focus on gender issues, especially in their Southern manifestation. The Compsons’ daughter, Caddy, figures prominently in the sons’ narratives, but is only portrayed through their perceptions and memories. My aim is to determine Caddy’s significance in the novel by exploring her relationships with her brothers, as seen through their eyes, and how she is characterized by them. In Benjy’s narrative, I examine her actions as a little girl in light of the Eve myth and the icon of the virgin mother. Quentin’s obsession with Caddy's sexuality as a teenager reveals the implications of associating female sexuality with death, the role of language in reproducing and combating established gender power structures, and the impact of traditional gender roles on women and men. Jason’s binary categorization of women as virgins or whores turns the few glimpses of Caddy as a mother into that of a woman treated as a commodity of exchange. In each of their narratives, Caddy is a dynamic character whose words, body, and actions expose prevailing social and gender power struggles. By conjuring her presence through her absence, her brothers reveal the depth and destructiveness of the social imperatives that underlie their attempts to control her. I suggest that Caddy’s role in the novel is to disrupt the brothers’ narratives and challenge the underlying Southern social and gender constructs that imbue them.</p>

The primary objective of this work is to understand the importance of the indigenous, female body in early New Spain through the study of visual media from the first two centuries of colonization: specifically looking at illustrations from Book 10 (of 15) in the Florentine Codex and images of indigenous Christian wedding ceremonies such as the painted folding screen Indian Wedding and a Flying Pole (c.1690). I argue through visual, theoretical and historical analysis that regulating indigenous female sexuality was a critical component to in the creation of colonial New Spain and that imagery played an essential role in this regulatory process.

This dissertation focuses on the triangulated relationship among female sexuality, patriarchy, and empire and examines literary and historical texts to understand how Britons increasingly identified as imperialists over the course of the nineteenth century. This project, the first book-length study of its kind, features analyses of canonical works like Mansfield Park, David Copperfield, and Adam Bede as well as analyses of paintings, etchings, conference proceedings, newspaper advertisements, colonial reports, political tracts, and medical records from Britain and its colonies. I challenge critical conceptions of the fallen woman as a trope of domestic fiction whose position as outcast illustrates the stigmatization of female sex during the nineteenth century, and I argue that the depiction and punishment of fallen women in multiple genres reveal an interest in protecting and maintaining an imperial system that claims moral superiority over the people it colonizes. My critical stance is both feminist and postcolonial, and my work complicates readings of fallen women in Victorian literature while also adding significantly to scholarship on gender and empire begun by Anne McClintock and Philippa Levine. I claim that during the nineteenth century, the fallen woman comes to represent that which will threaten patriarchal and imperial power, and her regulation reveals an intent to purify the British conscience and strengthen the nation’s sense of itself as a moral and exceptional leader in the world. My investigation into fallenness and empire through a wide range of texts underscores the centrality of imperialism to British society and to the lives of Britons living far removed from colonial sites like India or East Africa.