The citizen is freer in a society that is perceived as open, but this leaves the individual to manage on the market by itself. When the liberation of the collective opens for the individuals to create their own welfare and the market thereby gaining greater influence in the individual's different lifeworld’s, we wonder if it can be seen in politics and, if so, how does the policy how does the policy respond to this development?We are looking for a comprehensive overall picture of modern sociology's view of individualization in order to use the driving forces and consumerism in a survey of how it is expressed in welfare policy. To see how individualization is expressed in welfare policy, we have used party platforms from Socialdemokraterna (the Social Democratic Party). Through the layout we have divided the work into two explanatory analysis parts, which we use to compile a result of the purpose of the work. The result clearly shows how the development towards individualization follows welfare policy developments, but since the policy has contributed to increased individualization, it will also focus on balancing the unfair social differences that become the consequences of an individualized society. / Medborgaren är friare i ett samhälle som framställs och uppfattas som öppet men individen utelämnas i och med detta allt mer till att självständigt klara sig på marknaden. När friställelsen från det kollektiva öppnar för individerna att skapa sin egen välfärd och marknaden därmed får större utrymme i individens olika livsvärldar, undrar vi om det kan ses i politiken och i så fall hur politiken svarar på denna utveckling?Vi söker efter en sammantagen helhetsbild av den moderna sociologins syn på individualisering för att använda drivkrafter och konsekvenser i en undersökning hur det yttrar sig inom välfärdspolitiken. För att se hur individualiseringen yttrar sig i välfärdspolitiken har vi använt oss av partiprogram från det Socialdemokratiska partiet. Vi har genom uppläggningen delat arbetet i två redogörande analysdelar som används för att sammanställa ett resultat av arbetets syfte. Det resultatet visar tydligt hur utvecklingen mot individualisering följer den välfärdspolitiska utvecklingen men att politiken sedan den bidragit till en ökad individualisering också kommer att inrikta sig på att utjämna de orättvisa sociala skillnader som blir konsekvenserna av ett individualiserat samhälle.

Les cils et les flagelles sont des organites conservés chez les eucaryotes où ils jouent des rôles essentiels et variés comme la motilité et la signalisation cellulaire. La zone de transition est une structure complexe, localisée à la base des cils, indispensable à l'assemblage du cil et pour la sélection des constituants ciliaires. Chez l'Homme, de nombreuses pathologies appelées ciliopathies sont associées à des défauts d'assemblage ou de fonctionnement des cils. Les plus sévères sont liées à des défauts de protéines de la zone de transition. La zone de transition comprend les fibres de transition qui font le lien entre le centriole et la membrane plasmique, puis les liens Y avec une composition protéique complexe organisé en 3 complexes, MKS, NPHP et CEP290 interagissant étroitement entre eux. D'autres protéines, dont CBY conservée des mammifères à la drosophile, s'ajoutent à ces modules mais leur interconnections ne sont pas connues.Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai caractérisé fonctionnellement les orthologues des protéines des fibres de transition et analysé la fonction de nouvelles protéines de la zone de transition en utilisant le modèle de la drosophile. J'ai également caractérisé une protéine impliquée dans la spermatogenèse qui est essentielle pour l'individualisation des spermatides et la fertilité des males.En conclusion, ce travail apporte de nouvelles connaissances sur l'assemblage de la zone de transition et sur le rôle de CBY dans les mécanismes qui contrôlent la ciliogenèse. De plus l'étude de Salto amène à une meilleure compréhension de la spermatogenèse chez la drosophile / Cilia and flagella are highly conserved organelles among eukaryotes species. They are composed of a microtubular cytoskeleton and play essential functions during development and in numerous physiological processes. As a result, in humans, cilia dysfunction leads to a wide range of pathologies, called ciliopathies

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4749729 bytes, checksum: 1ceda7796150aa405584f37f6b8a15ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper aims to reflect a comparative perspective in class processes of present female individualization in the experiences of older women belonging to middle segments and popular city of João Pessoa. Here I try to reveal old age as a period of building yourself. To do that, I make use of the approach on the transformations in the course of contemporary life, the values, representations and practices related to aging women. The central hypothesis of this paper is to present the experiences of aging women which are marked by processes of individualization, inexhaustible even with advancing age and showing that old age can be experienced as a phase of life in which it is building itself. I seek to understand, in this paper, as sociocultural and historical processes are updated in daily practices of the ladies and popular middle segments of our society, conceiving "ladies individualized." I start the assumptions that the individualization phenomenon constitutes a global trend in our society and that the possibility of joint relational and individualistic ideals is present both in the life experiences of individuals from middle segments, as the popular segments. In the case of research conducted for this thesis these individuals are respectively represented by elderly women living in the neighborhood of Bancários, and the community of Timbo in the city of João Pessoa. Because these joints are present in the daily lives of these women and how they present themselves in the course of their lives are questions that guided my thinking. I do not intend here to define how individualization process between older women and middle popular segments work, before long to discuss possibilities of processes of individualization and women from both of them reflect on the variations of the experiences of women aged above 60 as on their identities and representations of aging. The empirical data used in this thesis were qualitatively selected and come from direct observations, semi-structured interviews and stories of life trajectories, collected from 13 women aged between 60 and 70 years old. Seven of these women inhabit in Bancários, and the other in the community of Timbó. The characterization of these women, as belonging to the middle and popular segments, not only did so from the point of view of the place they occupy in the production structure. I analyze elements together as living space, conditions and styles of consumption, income and education, practices and habits of everyday life, trying to take into account concepts and tools to reflect both the objective aspects as those built to the level of culture. Were taken as the object of investigation the particular experiences of these women and sought to situate them in a spatial and temporal context, which includes not only their livelihoods but also the social interactions with other significant actors, capable of interfering in their social practices and daily experiences. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sob uma perspectiva comparativa de classe os processos femininos de individualização presentes nas vivências de mulheres idosas pertencentes aos segmentos médios e populares da cidade de João Pessoa. Aqui procuro revelar a velhice como um período de construção de si mesmo. Para tanto lanço mão da abordagem sobre as transformações no curso da vida contemporâneo, nos valores, nas representações e nas práticas relacionadas a velhice feminina. A hipótese central deste trabalho é que as vivências atuais da velhice feminina são marcadas por processos de individualização, inesgotáveis mesmo com o avanço da idade e reveladores de que a velhice pode ser experimentada como uma fase da vida em que cabe a construção de si mesmo. Busco compreender, neste trabalho, como processos históricos e socioculturais se atualizam nas práticas cotidianas de senhoras dos segmentos médios e populares de nossa sociedade, concebendo senhoras individualizadas . Parto dos pressupostos de que o fenômeno da individualização se constitui numa tendência global e que em nossa sociedade a possibilidade de articulações dos ideais individualistas e relacionais se faz presente tanto nas experiências de vida dos indivíduos dos segmentos médios, quanto dos segmentos populares. No caso da pesquisa desenvolvida para esta tese estes indivíduos são respectivamente representados pelas mulheres idosas residentes no bairro de Bancários, e na comunidade do Timbó. Como essas articulações se fazem presentes no cotidiano dessas mulheres e como elas se apresentam no curso de suas vidas são questões que nortearam minha reflexão. Não pretendo aqui definir como se dão os processos de individualização entre mulheres idosas dos segmentos médios e populares, antes almejo discutir possibilidades de processos femininos de individualização e a partir deles refletir tanto sobre as variações das vivências de mulheres com idade acima de 60 anos, quanto sobre suas identidades e representações sobre envelhecimento. Os elementos empíricos utilizados nesta tese foram qualitativamente selecionados e são provenientes de observações diretas, entrevistas semi estruturadas e relatos de trajetórias de vida, coletados junto a 13 mulheres com idade entre 60 e 70 anos. Sete destas mulheres residem em Bancários, e as demais na comunidade do Timbó. A caracterização dessas mulheres, como pertencentes aos segmentos médios e populares, não se deu tão somente sob o ponto de vista do lugar em que elas ocupam na estrutura produtiva. Analiso conjuntamente elementos como: espaço de moradia, condições e estilos de consumo, rendimento e escolaridade, práticas e hábitos do cotidiano, na tentativa de levar em consideração concepções e instrumentos capazes de refletir tanto os aspectos objetivos quanto aqueles construídos ao nível da cultura. Foram tomadas como objeto de investigação as experiências particulares dessas mulheres e procurou-se situá-las em um contexto espacial e temporal, que inclui não apenas as suas condições de vida, mas também as interações sociais com outros atores significativos, capazes de interferir em suas práticas sociais e vivências cotidianas.

O sistema de medidas cautelares pessoais no processo penal brasileiro não mais gravita em torno da prisão preventiva, uma vez que o legislador instituiu um rol de medidas cautelares menos gravosas, a ela alternativas. Nesse contexto, como deve orientar-se a escolha judicial da medida a ser aplicada ao caso concreto? A constitucional idade de qualquer intervenção no direito fundamental de liberdade depende, essencialmente, de sua fundamentação constitucional, que é controlada a partir da proporcionalidade. A proporcional idade, portanto, é a pedra angular do sistema de medidas cautelares pessoais. A decisão que impõe uma medida cautelar pessoal jamais pode resultar de uma intuição individual misteriosa, senão de um procedimento cognoscitivo estruturado e comprovável de maneira intersubjetiva. Daí a importância da investigação da existência de um direito fundamental do imputado à individualização da medida cautelar pessoal, para afastar qualquer discricionariedade judicial na sua escolha. O objetivo do presente trabalho, portanto, é propor um método racional, baseado no exame da proporcionalidade, para controle intersubjetivo da justificação da decisão judicial que, no processo penal, imponha uma medida cautelar pessoal. / The system of personal precautionary measures in Brazilian criminal procedure no longer revolves around preventive incarceration, as the legislature has established a listo f less restrictive precautionary measures, as alternatives. In this context, how should the judicial choice of the measure to be applied to cases be directed? The constitutionality of any intervention on the fundamental right of freedom essentially depends upon its constitutional foundation, wich is controlled by its proportionality. Proportionality, therefore, is the corner stone of the system of personal precautionary measures. The decision to impose a personal precautionary measure can never be a result of mysterious individual intuition, but rather be based upon a structured and verifiable cognitive procedure, in an intersubjective manner. Hence the importance of researching the existence of a fundamenta right of the accused to the individualization of personal precautionary measures, to rule out any judicial discretion in their determination. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to propose a rational method, based upon an examination of proportionality, for intersubjective control of the judicial decision justification process that, in criminal procedure, imposes a personal precautionary measure.

A educação continuada é uma expressão que se refere à modalidade de ensino na qual a pessoa procura aprendizagem a vida inteira. Os cursos a distância não estão preparados para lidar com as singularidades de um aluno que busca esse tipo de educação, resultando em cursos que contém atividades de ensino que não são propostas de forma contextualizada à realidade do aprendiz. A tese propõe uma metodologia de trabalho para o EaD na qual o professor atua como orientador de estudo de cada aluno, percebendo as suas necessidades e o seu contexto de vida partir de diálogos assíncronos, possibilitando a criação e seleção de conteúdos e atividades de ensino que sejam contextualizadas a realidade do aprendiz. Para tentar resolver as questões técnicas e operacionais que são resultantes desta proposta, foi criado um software que implementa uma comunicação assíncrona entre professor e aluno e automatiza a execução de ações que devem ser realizadas pelo professor, liberando-o de executar tarefas repetitivas, e possibilitando ao docente concentrar-se na atividade criativa de individualização. Além disso, foi feita uma prospecção para determinar de que forma o paradigma atual da internet, chamada de WEB 2.0, pode auxiliar o professor nesse processo de individualização. O software foi testado com relação ao seu desempenho com alunos de dois cursos a distância, o que permitiu comprovar a eficiência do sistema. / Continuing education is an expression that refers to the mode of teaching in which the person seeks to lifelong learning. The distance courses are not prepared to deal with the singularities of a student seeking this type of education, resulting in courses that contain learning activities that are not contextualized to the reality of the learner. This thesis proposes a methodology of distance learning in which the teacher acts as an adviser to the study of each student, understanding their needs from asynchronous dialogs, enabling the creation and selection of content and teaching activities that are contextualized to the reality of the learner. A software has created to resolve the technical and operational issues that are resulting from this proposal. This software implements an asynchronous communication between teacher and student and automates the execution of actions that must be performed by the teacher, enabling the teacher to concentrate on the creative activity of individualization. In addition, a survey was done to determine how the current paradigm of the Internet, called Web 2.0, can help teachers in the process of individualization. The software was tested on two distance courses, which helped to check the efficiency of the system.

La valorisation du patrimoine culturel, matériel et immatériel, trouve sa justification en tant que vecteur de différenciation, dans un contexte où le seul modèle touristique de type fordiste ne fait plus recette. Ce patrimoine dans lequel l’homme place du subjectif, des référents culturels et affectifs, voire même des symboles, serait donc à considérer comme une ressource, un vecteur de distinction des territoires, tant il est pourvoyeur d’authenticité. Ainsi, lorsqu’il joue un rôle de marqueur identitaire, le patrimoine peut-être mobilisé par les acteurs impliqués dans le développement local qui ont le souci de se démarquer et de mettre en avant leurs ressources les plus spécifiques, à des fins de développement économique.Les ressources culturelles festives, à l’image des carnavals antillais et guyanais et du Tour des yoles rondes de la Martinique, en plus de montrer un lien entre une identité locale, des traditions et un lieu, confèrent de la lisibilité et de la transparence aux territoires qu’elles investissent. Les fêtes locales sont, en effet, des formes spatiales vectrices de territorialité qui donnent à voir des formes d’enracinement et d’attachement aux lieux. C’est d’ailleurs la « cristallisation collective » (Jeudy, 2008) qui se joue autour de ces manifestations patrimoniales festives, qui contribue à leur conférer de la consistance ainsi qu’une non négligeable valeur marchande. A n’en point douter, elles ont la faculté d’établir la Guadeloupe, la Martinique et la Guyane dans le cadre de la distinction, de l’attractivité et de la compétitivité. Néanmoins, n’est ce point utopique de croire, que la valorisation du patrimoine culturel festif des départements étudiés pourrait significativement participer à asseoir la pérennisation du tourisme ? En effet, l’organisation de la fête, surtout lorsqu’elle a une dimension identitaire poussée à son paroxysme, peut conduire au repli d’une société localisée sur elle-même. Partant de ce postulat, la rencontre entre touristes et populations locales peut s’avérer compromise, alors même que ces manifestations culturelles disposent de nombreux atouts à même de satisfaire un public touristique en quête d’authenticité et de vacances divertissantes. Cette rencontre est-elle souhaitée par les uns et les autres ? Est-elle seulement souhaitable ? Le patrimoine culturel festif peut-il sous-tendre une vraie activité touristique, tout en demeurant le garant d’une certaine stabilité sociale ? La prudence ne voudrait-elle pas qu’il faille plutôt craindre la menace qui pèse sur les biens culturels devenus trop rapidement des produits touristiques ?En réalité, les relations sont complexes entre une culture mise en fête et le développement du secteur touristique. Faut-il pour autant les considérer comme un « pari de l’inutile » (Lazzarotti, 2011) ?Le tourisme doit continuer à se penser comme un secteur économique indispensable au développement local, dans une perspective de durabilité. C’est d’ailleurs à ce titre que le volet social du développement durable trouve sa place au cœur même de notre réflexion, tant il constitue une composante majeure de ce que devrait être un produit touristique attractif et adapté aux substrats locaux. C’est ainsi que cette thèse explore et approfondit la problématique de la mise en relation entre un secteur touristique à pérenniser, et le riche patrimoine culturel festif dont disposent la Martinique, la Guadeloupe et la Guyane. Ce travail de recherche poussent encore un peu plus loin la réflexion autour du développement de pratiques touristiques renouvelées et durables. / Enhancement of cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible, is justified as a vector of differentiation, in a context where the only tourist Fordist model no longer recipe. Heritage in which man instead of subjective, cultural and emotional referents and even symbols, would be regarded as a resource, a vector distinction territories, as it is provider of authenticity. Thus, when a role marker of identity , heritage can be mobilized by the actors involved in local development that have the desire to stand out and highlight their most specific resources for economic development purposes . festive cultural resources, like the Caribbean and Guyanese carnivals and Tour round skiffs from Martinique, in addition to showing a link between a local identity, traditions and place , give the clarity and transparency territories they invest . Local festivals are indeed of vector spatial forms of territoriality that give rooting see shapes and place attachment. This is also the "collective crystallization" (Jeudy, 2008) that plays around these festive heritage demonstrations, which helps give them substance and a significant market value. A no doubt, they have the ability to establish Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guyana as part of the award, the attractiveness and competitiveness. However, this is unrealistic enough to believe that the enhancement of cultural heritage festive departments surveyed could significantly participate in sit sustainability of tourism? Indeed, the organization of the party, especially when it has a dimension of identity pushed to its limits, can lead to the decline of localized on society itself. Based on this assumption, the encounter between tourists and local populations may be compromised, even though these cultural events have many assets to satisfy even a tourist public in search of authenticity and fun holiday. This meeting it is desired by each other? Is it just desirable? The festive cultural heritage may underlie it a real tourist activity, while remaining a guarantor of social stability? Prudence does not she want that rather we should fear the threat to cultural property became too quickly tourism products? Actually, relationships are complex between a culture festival setting and development of the tourism sector. Should we all be regarded as a "bet the useless" (Lazzarotti, 2011)? Tourism must continue to think as an essential local economic development sector, with a view to sustainability. It is also for this reason that the social pillar of sustainable development finds its place at the heart of our thinking, as it is a major component of what should be an attractive tourism product adapted to local substrates. Thus this thesis explores and deepens the problem of linking between tourism to sustain, and the rich cultural heritage festive available Martinique, Guadeloupe and Guyana. This research push a little further reflection on the development of tourism practices renewed and sustained.

The thesis reacts on the contemporary schooling when there is the need of differentiation and individualisation of teaching in heterogeneous classrooms. However, the teachers are not prepared enough to differentiate and there is only a minimum of relevant literature and methodological support. The main aim of the thesis is to summarise the latest findings in this field, to detect possible strategies of differentiation and individualisation at the lower primary school and to design feasible steps for the teachers to follow. In the theoretical part there are summarised already familiar findings from the external literature. In the empirical part I am focusing on the differentiation methods of two sample teachers, who are important models for the students - future teachers. The methods used predominantly in the research are the in-depth interviews with the teachers and an analysis of a recording of observed lessons.

This diploma thesis defines the co-teaching in relation to individualization of students. It describes the benefits of co-teaching for the beginning teacher. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the co- teaching in relation to individualization and differentiation of teaching, including historical context. It compares co-teaching with a student' assistant and a teacher's assistant. It analyzes the conditions and financing of the co-teaching at the elementary school. I focus on co-taught classes based on comparative study in the practical part. I compare educational conditions of students with learning disabilities in the co-taught class, in the class with the teacher's assistant and the student's assistant. The thesis is devoted to co-teaching, under what conditions it works, what are the benefits of co-teaching in relation to individualization of students during their education. KEYWORDS Co-teaching, funding co-teaching, beginning teacher, individualization of the student, innovation

The diploma thesis has a theoretically-empirical character with a focus on the empirical part. The starting point for the solution is the requirement of the primary teacher competence to work with the differentiated group of pupils, take into account different educational needs in the planning, implementation and reflection of teaching. The aim is to determine whether and how teachers fulfill the requirement of primary school in natural science lessons. Describe and evaluate the implementation of this requirement during the realization of specific thematic unit by several teachers. Methods of the content analysis, interviews and direct observation of teaching are used to fulfill the targets of the thesis. Keywords Individualization, differentiation, Social studies and Science, primary school teacher, instruction planning Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The goal of the thesis is to specify the position of homeschooling in the Czech Republic and to discuss its effectiveness in the fulfilment of the common educational aims. For this reason, the theoretical part is firstly dealing with the common educational aims, and their official formulation in the Czech Republic. The thesis then continues to focus on homeschooling and its capabilities in fulfilling these aims, in which these areas are crucial: the family as an environment where learning takes place, current legislation, individualization, socialisation, and the change from home-schooling to regular schooling. The afore mentioned area is discussed in more detail in the research part of the thesis, where we find the statements of the graduates of homeschooling which were gained through a questionnaire. As a whole the thesis offers an unconventional point of view on education and provides specific tips for parents, pupils and teachers. KEYWORDS homeschooling, school, family, individualization, socialisation, educational aim, change