[pt] Inspirada pelo instrumental teórico-metodológico foucaultiano e pós-colonial, a presente tese investigará os sentidos atribuídos ao direito à saúde, argumentando que as políticas que permitem a preservação da vida na atualidade têm envolvido, sobretudo, um processo doméstico de (re)definição do demos e de quem a ele pertence, ao mesmo tempo em que tem seus limites influenciados e constrangidos pela política internacional. Para tanto, esta tese observará que a defesa do direito à saúde nos territórios pós-coloniais levanta três problemas. Em primeiro lugar, está a urgência em se enfrentar a racialização que mantém viva a opressão colonial no âmbito doméstico, e que impede a inclusão das parcelas mais vulneráveis da população no conjunto de direitos humanos que devem ser preservados pelo Estado. Em segundo lugar, está o desafio de gerir, de maneira sustentada, políticas globais que tenham como ponto de partida os determinantes sociais da saúde que perpetuam a vulnerabilidade das populações nos países em desenvolvimento. Em terceiro lugar, a presente tese argumentará ainda que é justo quando se logra conceber, constitucionalmente, a totalidade da população como cidadã no terreno nacional, que a própria concepção de cidadania é ressignificada e esvaziada na esfera internacional, impedindo a completude do ciclo de direitos. Na virada para o século XXI, a consolidação da governança neoliberal facilitou as manobras nas interrelações entre saúde, direitos e economia, normalizando o sofrimento humano em escala global e reduzindo a saúde à possibilidade do consumo médico e não à realização de uma vida plena e saudável. Ao excluir as dimensões políticas, socioeconômicas e ambientais dos processos de tomada de decisão que tornam possível a vida com boa saúde, a governança neoliberal nos levaria a um cenário global de generalização da necropolítica, onde o direito à saúde seria ressignificado pela complexidade de sua fragmentação e da multiplicidade de atores envolvidos em sua execução. À luz da experiência brasileira na construção do maior sistema de saúde pública do mundo, esta tese buscará compreender as condições de possibilidade para a preservação da vida em um contexto de encolhimento de direitos e de espaços democráticos ao redor do mundo. / [en] Inspired by a Foucauldian and postcolonial theoretical-methodological framework, this thesis will investigate the meanings attributed to the right to health, arguing that the policies that allow the preservation of life today have involved, above all, a domestic process of (re)definition of demos and of who belongs to it, while having its limits influenced and constrained by international politics. Thus, this thesis will observe that the defense of a right to health in post-colonial territories raises three problems. Firstly, there is an urgent need to tackle the racialization that keeps colonial oppression alive at home, and that prevents the inclusion of the most vulnerable parts of the population in the set of human rights that must be preserved by the State. Secondly, there is the challenge of managing, in a sustainable manner, global policies that have as their starting point the social determinants of health that perpetuate the vulnerability of populations in developing countries. Thirdly, the present thesis will argue that it is right when it is possible to conceive, constitutionally, the entire population as a citizen in the national territory, that the very conception of citizenship is re-signified and emptied in the international sphere, preventing the completion of a cycle of rights. At the turn of the 21st century, the consolidation of neoliberal governance facilitated the maneuvers in the interrelationships between health, rights, and the economy, normalizing human suffering on a global scale and reducing health to the possibility of medical consumption and not to the accomplishment of a full and healthier life. By excluding political, socioeconomic, and environmental dimensions from decision making process that make life in good health possible, neoliberal governance would lead us to a global scenario of necropolitics generalization, where the right to health would be re-signified by the complexity of its fragmentation and the multiplicity of actors involved in its execution. Considering the Brazilian experience in constructing the largest public health system in the world, this thesis will seek to understand the conditions of possibility for the preservation of life in a context of shrinking rights and democratic spaces around the world.

<p>Poor food safety in informal, open-air markets remains a pressing issue in Cambodia, contributing to both foodborne illness and malnutrition. In order to design food safety programs that successfully promote positive food safety practices among the various actors involved in these markets, is important to understand their perceptions of food safety and of their own capability, opportunity, and motivation for adopting positive food safety behaviors. To that end, this research sought to explore and describe the perceptions of vegetable vendors, vegetable distributors, and vegetable growers in the Cambodian provinces of Battambang, Siem Reap, and Phnom Penh regarding food safety and their own personal capability, opportunity, and motivation for implementing specific food safety practices.  To note, this research was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) though Cooperative Agreement No. 7200AA19LE00003 to Purdue University as management entity of the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Safety. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. </p> <p>The first portion of the research, which examined levels of perceived capability, opportunity, and motivation for positive food safety practices among actors involved in informal vegetable markets in Cambodia, employed a quantitative questionnaire based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior model of behavior and the Theoretical Domains Framework. A pilot study using this questionnaire was performed with vegetable vendors in the Province of Phnom Penh (<em>N</em> = 55), after which the questionnaire was revised and implemented in person with vegetable distributors in Battambang Province (<em>n</em> = 37) and vegetable vendors and growers in Battambang (<em>n</em> = 26 and <em>n</em> = 27, respectively) and Siem Reap Provinces (<em>n</em> = 61 and <em>n</em> = 30, respectively). To validate the questionnaire, response data from participants in Battambang and Siem Reap were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. The resultant nine-factor model had a comparative fit index of .91, a Tucker-Lewis index of .89, and a root mean square error of approximation of .05. Data analysis proceeded using a fitted general linear mixed model. Results of this analysis suggested that levels of perceived motivation and capability for the target food safety practice were typically significantly higher (<em>p</em> < .05) than levels of perceived opportunity among vegetable vendors and distributors, regardless of location. Levels of perceived opportunity and perceived capability were significantly lower (<em>p</em> < .05) than levels of perceived motivation among vegetable growers in both Battambang and Siem Reap. Significantly higher (<em>p</em> < .05) levels of perceived opportunity and motivation for the target food safety practice were observed among vendors in Battambang in comparison to vendors in Siem Reap; perceptions of all three behavioral determinants were higher among vendors in Battambang than among farmers in either location. </p> <p>Subsequently, a quantitative questionnaire regarding participants’ perceptions of vegetable safety was implemented in person with vegetable growers in Battambang (<em>n </em>= 41) and Siem Reap (<em>n</em> = 28) and vegetable vendors in Phnom Penh (<em>n </em>= 31). Response data were analyzed using a fitted logistic regression model. Nearly all respondents indicated that they were concerned about vegetable safety (overall mean estimate 97.4%, 95% CI = [89.7, 99.4]%), with ≤ 62.7% of respondents in all groups reporting at least moderate concern (lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals 46.2% at the lowest). Across all groups, chemical contamination was perceived as more concerning than microbial contamination (84.9%, 95% CI = [76.0, 90.9]%). The majority of respondents reported that they were familiar with the potential health effects of consuming vegetables contaminated with either chemicals (71.4% [61.5, 79.6]%) or microbes (57.3% [47.2, 66.9]%). Nonetheless, when those who reported familiarity were asked to give examples of such health effects, fewer than 50% (ranging from 7.3% to 48.4%) provided an example of a commonly understood health effect of consuming contaminated vegetables. </p> <p>Both chemical and microbial contamination were most frequently perceived as occurring mainly “at the farm”, regardless of participants’ occupation and location (≥ 76.7%, lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals at least 61.5%, and ≥ 39.3%, lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals at least 21.2%, respectively). Correspondingly, “vegetable farmers’ were most often perceived as having the greatest responsibility for chemical contamination prevention (≥ 51.6% across all groups, lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals at least 34.0%). There were significant between-group differences in participants’ perceptions of microbial contamination prevention responsibility, however (<em>p</em> = .02). With regards to practices intended to prevent vegetable contamination, 22.6% of surveyed vendors in Phnom Penh, 39.0% of surveyed growers in Battambang, and 53.6% of surveyed growers in Siem Reap described at least one commonly accepted contamination prevention practice. </p> <p>Considered as a whole, these findings indicate that food safety practice adoption may be more effectively encouraged among vegetable growers, distributors, and vendors in Phnom Penh, Battambang, and Siem Reap by emphasizing the importance of microbial contamination and integrating educational components regarding the health effects of consuming vegetables contaminated with microbes or chemicals into food safety programs. Such programs should also address the relatively lower levels of perceived opportunity present among all groups; environmental restructuring-based interventions may be one means by which to do so. Programs for vegetable vendors specifically should communicate that microbial contamination of vegetables is common and highlight the significance of the role of vegetable vendors in maintaining a safe vegetable supply. Food safety programs tailored to vegetable growers could draw on growers’ perception of their own responsibility for both vegetable contamination and contamination prevention as well as their perception of contamination as a common occurrence. Programs for vegetable growers also need to incorporate efforts to address the relatively lower levels of perceived capability present within this group. These efforts could include educational programming or hands-on demonstrations that increase participants’ perceptions of their own ability to implement positive food safety practices. </p>

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[pt] Presentes na construção de alteridades inerentes às políticas que orientam a cooperação brasileira, as dinâmicas do nexo poder-conhecimento apresentam uma heterogeneidade latente aos seus discursos e práticas, permitindo que o Brasil se coloque ao mesmo tempo como subjugado e subjugador. Isto posto, a presente pesquisa se empenha em compreender como essas políticas sinalizam a persistência de colonialismos, que, mesmo apesar de todas suas hibridizações, continuam a silenciar e subjugar vozes – posto que certas políticas de desenvolvimento são eleitas em detrimento de outras. Assim, o estudo reflete acerca das políticas e práticas de cooperação brasileira, que foram moldadas e informadas sob a influência de uma história intelectual ocidental e europeia, tratando especificamente daquelas exportadas para Angola via combinação de investimentos privados. / [en] As a part of the construction of inherent otherness in the policies that guide Brazilian international cooperation, the dynamics of the power-knowledge nexus bear a latent heterogeneity in their discourses and practices, which allows Brazil to place itself at the same time as subjugated and subjugator. That said, this research strives to understand how these policies indicate the persistence of colonialisms, which despite all their hybridizations, continue to hush and subdue voices - since certain development policies are chosen over others. Thus, the study reflects on the Brazilian cooperation policies and practices that have been shaped and informed under the influence of a Western and European intellectual history, specifically addressing those exported to Angola via combination of private investment.

Yes / As of April 2020, the IMF categorised seven African countries as being in debt distress, whilst identifying twelve more that were at high risk of becoming distress. It is no longer a secret that considered immutable and eternally binding, debt by the global south (i.e., poor developing African countries) has become a tool for imperial powers in the post-colonial world to enforce and perpetuate their dominance over the global south. This is despite serious global crises that emerge from, and/or were caused by the rich countries of the global north; specifically, the negative effects of the global financial crisis of 2008, devastating impact of Covid-19 pandemic, and impact of Russia-Ukraine war on the African economies and contribution to these debt vulnerabilities. Yet, the rich countries of the global north have insisted on these poor countries to continue financing their debts. The paper considers how African countries could legally cancel the repayment of the debts by relying on the principles of international law (such as pacta sunt servanda, limit to legal obligation to pay, force majeure, State of Necessity or rebus sic stantibus) and States’ declarations to commitment to sustainable development agenda (such as the European Union’s response to the adoption of the 2030 Agenda featured in its Commission’s 2016 Communication) could be used as justifying grounds for cancellation of Africa debts. The paper draws on international law and development in the light of dependency and postcolonial theories and employs the human rights-based approach, interdisciplinary and critical-analytical perspective and using qualitative empirical evidence from rich countries and institutions of the global north and poor developing countries of the global south for analysis.

<p>The Lake Bosomtwe impact crater is located in the Ashanti region of Ghana, West Africa. The impact crater diameter from rim to rim is approximately 10.5 km wide with a lake located at the center. Three different districts touch the lake containing 155,000 hectacres of land. There are approximately 7,500 people from 24 villages, and 12 of those villages reside within walking distance of the lake shore. Within the last ten years, the lake has been subjected to overfishing and environmental degradation. The health of the lake has declined due to overfishing and algae blooms caused by improper fertilization rates. Because of these factors, residents of the area have been forced to transition to subsidence farming as their main vocation. According to the Ghana Statistical Service group, 97.6% of the population participates in some form of rural crop farming (Ghana Statistical Service, 2010). Experience with common practices such as crop rotation, fertilizer use, and erosion control is extremely limited. The lake has not been recommended for recreational use due to the excess runoff in the form of agrochemicals, liquid, and organic waste. Caged aquaculture and traditional fishing within Lake Bosomtwe is currently illegal.</p><p><br></p><p>A comprehensive Institutional Review Board (IRB) survey was developed for the six primary research questions to be examined. From these six research questions, 147 specific questions were developed. Three of the 147 questions were to obtain Global Positioning System (GPS) data for community households, pit latrines, and water wells or boreholes. This study sought to interview 10-15 farmers per village, for each of the 12 villages located along the shore of Lake Bosomtwe of their perspective on land use change/cover in the Lake Bosomtwe area, current farming practices, current water sanitation and hygiene practices, and current fishing practices. These surveys were collected in the form of oral responses, for which 118 small-holder farmers were interviewed. Of the participants surveyed, 66% were qualified to answer all questions, and 100% of participants completed the survey.</p><p><br></p><p>Some specific statistical tests were conducted based of market assessment survey. It was determined that no association between gender and level of education existed. Meaning, that female participants interviewed have just as many opportunities as male participants to pursue education beyond Junior High School (JHS). Yield averages between the villages on the north side of the lake with road access and villages on the southern portion of the lake with limited to no road access were determined to be significantly different. It was determined that road access does affect village yield. When comparing average usable yields between villages located on the northern side of the lake with road access or between villages on the southern side of the lake with limited to no road access, these results were not statistically significant. No significant difference in the scores for villages with road access on the northern side of the lake and villages with limited to no road access on the southern side of the lake existed. Therefore, road access does not affect village usable yield. Through statistical analysis an association was determined between people who practice bathing and washing in the lake and those who practice fishing as a form of livelihood.</p><p><br></p><p>Four decision matrices were created to prioritize the following items: Farm Components, technologies to showcase at an appropriate technology center, improved farming practices to showcase through Demonstration Plots, and extension outreach topics. The top three results for the Farm Components were: Appropriate Technology Center (ATC), Demonstration Plots, and a Micro-Credit Union. The top three technologies to showcase as part of the ATC are: PICS Bags, Moisture Meters, and Above-Ground Aquaculture. The three demonstration plots recommended terracing/erosion control, crop rotation, and cover crops. The highest priority extension outreach topics were: basic home/farm finance, improving health through washing stations, and post-harvest loss prevention. The top three priorities of each decision matrix will be the focus of further study, so that these topics can be developed and programs focusing on these needs can be implemented in collaboration with the community partners.</p>

HIV/AIDS continues to pose some of the most significant social, political and legislative challenges globally. This project explicates the text-mediated processes by which many HIV-related laws are becoming created transnationally though the use of omnibus HIV model laws. A model law is a particular kind of regulatory text with a set of relations of use. Model laws are designed to be taken, modified and used by stakeholders in the creation of state laws. Because they are already framed in legislative language, model laws are worded in ways that can be expeditiously activated and translated into state law. The problematic of this inquiry arises from the activities of a constellation of legislative actors including human rights lawyers, policy analysts, academics and activists who have worked to critique aspects of the United States Agency for International Development/Action for West Africa Region (USAID/AWARE) Model Law (2004) and subsequent state laws this text has inspired across West and Central Africa. I argue that mapping the origin and uptake of this omnibus guidance text is optimally achieved through a sustained analytic commentary on the institutional genre of “best practice”. Explicating the coordinating function of this textual genre is central to understanding the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS laws across at least 15 countries in West and Central African between 2005-2010. The work processes of legislative creation, challenge and reform under investigation demand an interrogation of complex ruling apparatuses regulated by text, talk and capital relations. The USAID/AWARE Model Law is rife with contestation: from its name, scope, funding source and process of development, dissemination and domestication to its legislative content and role in protecting or violating women’s rights and public health objectives. Many of the policy actors critiquing this USAID-funded initiative have been engaged in the development of alternative HIV-related model laws and the shaping of a global anti-criminalization discourse to respond to the increasing use of criminal law governance strategies to prosecute HIV-related sexual offenses and the rise in new HIV-specific criminal laws in and beyond sub-Saharan Africa. This study maps relations that rule, and makes processes of power understandable in terms of everyday transnational work activities organized by the language of law. My research method is informed by the critical research strategy of institutional ethnography. This complex legislative process was made visible through participant observation, archival research, textual analysis and informant interviews with national and international stakeholders. This has involved research in Canada, the United States, Switzerland, Austria, South Africa and Senegal (2010-2011). / Graduate

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-05-04T20:32:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus de Oliveira Souza.pdf: 1240114 bytes, checksum: ffc8b68a81cc6724ce291bf7c06cddd1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso (pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2015-05-05T14:14:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus de Oliveira Souza.pdf: 1240114 bytes, checksum: ffc8b68a81cc6724ce291bf7c06cddd1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-05T14:14:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus de Oliveira Souza.pdf: 1240114 bytes, checksum: ffc8b68a81cc6724ce291bf7c06cddd1 (MD5) / A pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender o entrosamento entre as agências públicas estatais ligadas ao desenvolvimento de políticas sociais e a cooperação internacional no setor, por meio de projetos desenvolvidos por agências da ONU na Bahia de 1996 a 2013. Para tanto, serão analisados quatro projetos na área social e as suas peculiaridades em termos de interação institucional, objetivos e resultados. Um projeto foi definido para cada agência, conforme se segue: Projeto "Pró-Gavião", realizado pela Companhia de Desenvolvimento e Ação Regional (CAR) em parceria com o Fundo Internacional de Desenvolvimento Agrícola (FIDA); Projeto "Promovendo Direitos de Jovens: Cultura e Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva em Salvador", realizado pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação, Cultura, Esporte e Lazer da capital baiana junto ao Fundo de População das Nações Unidas (UNFPA); Programa "Ministério Público e os Objetivos do Milênio: Saúde e Educação de Qualidade para Todos", executado pelo Ministério Público do Estado da Bahia em conjunto com o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD); e Selo UNICEF Município Aprovado, desenvolvido pelo Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância com inúmeros municípios baianos. A partir de uma explanação sobre o papel da ONU no mundo, compreendido através de uma discussão sobre a reforma desta organização, buscou-se explicitar as características da cooperação internacional observáveis localmente a partir de categorias conceituais definidas pelos campos da Administração e das Relações Internacionais. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam quais desses conceitos foram comprovados ou relativizados, permitindo-se uma conclusão que desvela algumas certezas sobre as interações entre organizações internacionais e atores públicos locais. This research aims to understand the interplay between local government agencies linked to social policies development and the international cooperation in this area through projects carried out by (or in partnerships with) United Nations in Bahia from 1996 until 2013. In order to achieve this, four projects developed in the social police sector will be analyzed in it's institutional interactions peculiarities, goals and results. For each UN agency, one project was picked: "Pró-Gavião" Project, carried out by the Company for Regional Development and Action (CAR) in a partnership with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD); "Promovendo Direitos de Jovens: Cultura e Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva em Salvador" Project, carried out by the City Department of Education, Culture, Sport and Recreation of Salvador together with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA); "Ministério Público e os Objetivos do Milênio: Saúde e Educação de Qualidade para Todos" Programme, implemented by the Public Ministry of the State of Bahia along with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); and "Selo UNICEF Município Aprovado" Initiative, developed by the United Nations Children's Fund with numerous municipalities in Bahia. From an explanation about the role of the United Nations in the international system, understood through a discussion on the reform of this organization, we attempted to explain the observable characteristics of international cooperation locally from conceptual categories defined by the fields of Administration and International Relations. The results of the study show that these concepts were proven or relativized, allowing a conclusion that reveals some certainties about the interactions between international organizations and local public actors.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Por envolver número crescente de atores domésticos, a participação do Brasil na Cooperação Técnica entre Países em Desenvolvimento (CTPD) representa domínio privilegiado para se compreenderem oportunidades e desafios à institucionalização da Cooperação Sul-Sul nas relações exteriores do país. Além de contarem com competência setorial, instituições implementadoras da CTPD brasileira passaram a reunir conhecimentos sobre países com os quais o Brasil não mantinha ligações históricas estreitas e contínuas, aumentando seu potencial de influência sobre as diretrizes da política externa. Ao mesmo tempo, boa parte dessas instituições possui estrutura voltada para o desenvolvimento doméstico, conflitando com a alocação crescente de seus recursos para a promoção do desenvolvimento internacional. Por um lado, embora a busca pelo desenvolvimento nacional seja baluarte da diplomacia brasileira, os benefícios da CTPD para o mesmo aparecem de forma difusa no discurso diplomático. Por outro lado, agências implementadoras passaram a desenhar estratégias para triar ou induzir demandas, alimentando divergências com instituições decisórias e implementadoras que sustentavam visões distintas sobre o desenvolvimento e a inserção internacional do Brasil. O objetivo geral desta tese é entender os determinantes do envolvimento do Brasil na CTPD e os impactos da alocação crescente de recursos oficiais brasileiros para a promoção do desenvolvimento internacional sobre a formulação da política externa brasileira. A análise será aprofundada por meio de estudo dos casos de duas agências protagonistas na CTPD brasileira: a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e o Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (SENAI). Seu envolvimento na CTPD apresenta trajetória semelhante na medida em que induzido, inicialmente, por doadores tradicionais e, posteriormente, como maior ênfase, pela diplomacia brasileira. Durante o Governo Lula, diante do volume crescente de demandas, EMBRAPA e SENAI, identificados tradicionalmente com modelos de desenvolvimento focados no crescimento econômico e no avanço científico-tecnológico, fortaleceram suas divisões de Relações Internacionais e buscaram influenciar o processo decisório da CTPD considerando lições aprendidas em campo e elementos de seus respectivos planejamentos estratégicos. Não obstante, com a entrada do Governo Dilma e as novas prioridades do desenvolvimento e da política externa, essas instituições divergiram na avaliação da instrumentalidade da CTPD. A vertente Sul-Sul se desmobilizou no SENAI, mas continuou relevante na EMBRAPA, o que pode guardar relação com a maior competitividade do setor agrícola brasileiro e com a capacidade da EMBRAPA de mobilizar fontes alternativas de recursos humanos e financeiros para implementar ações. Porém, a polarização entre agronegócio e agricultura familiar dentro da empresa, alimentada pela sua polarização na sociedade brasileira e fora do país, comprometeu o alinhamento institucional em torno do caráter estratégico de sua atuação na CTPD. / For involving a growing number of domestic actors, Brazils participation in Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC) represents a privileged field for understanding opportunities and challenges to the institutionalization of South-South Cooperation in the countrys foreign affairs. Besides gathering sectorial expertise, implementing institutions of Brazilian TCDC began gathering knowledge on countries with which Brazil did not maintain close and continuous historical relations, thus enhancing their potential to influence foreign policy guidelines. At the same time, most of such institutions framework targets at domestic development, conflicting with growing allocation of their resources to the promotion of international development. On the one hand, although the search for national development is a bulwark of Brazilian diplomacy, the benefits of TCDC to the former are diffusely accounted for in the diplomatic discourse. On the other hand, implementing agencies started designing strategies to sort or to induce demands, feeding divergences with decision-making and implementing institutions holding different views on development and on Brazils participation in international affairs. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the drivers of Brazils involvement in TCDC and the impacts of growing allocation of Brazilian official resources to the promotion of international development over the design of Brazilian foreign policy. The analysis will be deepened through case studies of two protagonist agencies in Brazilian TCDC: the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) and the National Industrial Training Service (SENAI). Their involvement in TCDC presents similar paths since it was initially induced by traditional donors and later, with greater emphasis, by Brazilian diplomacy. During the Lula administration, faced with a growing number of demands, Embrapa and Senai, traditionally identified with development models focused at economic growth and scientific and technological advance, have strengthened their International Relations departments and tried to influence TCDC decisionmaking considering lessons learnt in field and elements presented in their respective strategic plans. However, with the arrival of the Dilma administration and new development and foreign policy priorities, such institutions have diverged in the assessment of TCDCs instrumentality. The South-South arena was demobilized in SENAI, but continued to be relevant in EMBRAPA, something that can bear a relation with greater competitiveness of the Brazilian agricultural sector and EMBRAPAs capacity of mobilizing alternative human and financial resources to implement actions. Nonetheless, polarization among agribusiness and family farming inside the corporation, fed by its polarization in Brazilian society and outside the country, has compromised institutional alignment around its strategic action in TCDC.