No description available.

Transferring words and ideas from one language to another has always been a puzzling and difficult matter for those involved in it. For centuries, English-speakers and translators have dealt with these difficulties by enforcing, through professional codes of ethics and through publishing contracts, what Lawrence Venuti calls "the translator's invisibility," as chronicled in his book by the same name. By evaluating translation solely on the transparency and fluency of the target language translation (that is, by making a translation not seem like a translation), English translators and audiences assured that translators remained faithful to original authors' intents, or so they thought. Contemporary linguistic theory, namely poststructuralism, has changed the way we think about language and has suggested that meaning is created just as much in the mind of the audience as in the hands of the author. Translation adds a third locus—that of the translator—in the creation of meaning, and many contemporary translation scholars promote a recognition of the inevitable intervention of translators. Ann Patchett's 2001 award-winning novel Bel Canto explores the way translation functions in contemporary global society. Through the microcosm of the novel, the main character, a professional translator named Gen, suggests that the acceleration of globalization that has contributed to the recent increase of translation and translation studies has also made the idea of the translator's invisibility obsolete. Instead, he finds that the linguistic awareness of his audience allows him a visibility for which his professional translation training has left him poorly equipped. To deal with his visibility, Gen must find new ways of creating responsibility in his audience and better ways to achieve ethical translation. Unlike Venuti's framework of translators who must one-sidedly demand attention and force breaks in tradition, Bel Canto suggests a cooperative re-evaluation of tradition that cautiously assesses translation strategies in terms of both the translator and the audience. In the spirit of global communication, Bel Canto presents translation as a multi-dimensional communicative situation that, with deliberate changes in the promotion of ethics, can enable international understanding and serve as an example of productive evaluation of tradition.

The objective of this thesis was to investigate intersectional (categorical/social) invisibility and the extent to which this phenomenon occurs in a comparison of dominant (i.e., Caucasian), and non-dominant (African-American and Latino) social/ethnic groups. It has been found that intersectional invisibility occurs among African-American women with respect to Caucasian men and women, and African American men (Sesko & Biernat, 2010), but little of this research has been done regarding Latinas. Thus, this experiment aims to not only examine whether Latinas are also subject to intersectional invisibility among dominant (i.e., Caucasian) and non-dominant (i.e., African American and/or Latino) groups, but to determine whether the theory can be extended to perceptions between non-dominant groups such as African-Americans and Latinos. Determining whether intersectional invisibility occurs among Latinas, moreover, may provide theoretical and practical insights of what advantages/disadvantages Latinas may particularly endure as members of the rapidly growing Latino population in the U.S.

We propose an efficient wideband theory for adjoint variable sensitivity analysis of problems with general anisotropic materials. The method is formulated based on the transmission line numerical modeling technique. The anisotropic material properties of potential interest are the full tensors of permittivity, permeability, electrical conductivity, magnetic resistivity, magnetoelectric coupling, and electromagnetic coupling. The tensors may contain non-diagonal elements. Our method estimates the gradients of the desired response with respect to all designable parameters using at most one extra simulation, regardless of their number. In contrast, in the conventional sensitivity analysis method using central finite differences, the number of the required simulations scales linearly with the number of designable parameters. The theory has been implemented for sensitivity analysis of the two and three-dimensional structures. The available adjoint variable method (AVM) sensitivities enable the optimization-based design of anisotropic and dispersive anisotropic structures. We apply our AVM technique to optimization-based wideband invisibility cloak design of arbitrary-shape objects. Our method optimizes the voxel-by-voxel constitutive parameters of an anisotropic cloak. This results in a large number of optimizable parameters. The associated sensitivities of a wideband cloaking objective function are efficiently estimated using our anisotropic adjoint variable method technique. A gradient-based optimization algorithm utilizes the available sensitivity information to iteratively minimize the visibility objective function and to determine the constitutive parameters of the optimal cloak. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No description available.

Research has noted the persistence of hostile campus environments for underrepresented college students. However, Native and Indigenous students continue to be one of the most understudied populations within higher education, particularly as it relates to their campus experience and ways in which they navigate institutional climates. In addition to illuminating the campus climates Native students face at predominantly White institutions, this dissertation examines the impact that Indigenous cultural centers have on their overall campus experience and persistence. As the primary method, it draws on 12 semi-structured interviews with Indigenous students at a predominately White institution within the Southeast United States. Findings from this study demonstrate the systemic colonization which exists in higher education through the analysis of microaggressions students regularly face. Unique to Native students, these were most often laden with narratives of erasure. However, in the face of less-than-ideal climates, participants in the study also derived a sense of community, affirmation, and support from the existence of a Native student center. Though participants derived many benefits from having such a space, they also indicated that the Native center was not always immune to the climate issues faced within the larger campus. These accounts contrast existing research on cultural centers. Findings from this study suggests that the narrow understanding of Indigenous identity as an exclusively racialized one, functions as a powerful tool in advancing erasure narratives within the space itself. / Doctor of Philosophy / Research has noted the persistence of hostile campus environments for underrepresented college students. However, Native and Indigenous students continue to be one of the most understudied populations within higher education, particularly as it relates to their campus experience and ways in which they navigate institutional climates. In addition to illuminating the campus climates Native students face at predominantly White institutions, this dissertation examines the impact that Indigenous cultural centers have on their overall campus experience and persistence. As the primary method, it draws on 12 semi-structured interviews with Indigenous students at a predominately White institution within the Southeast United States. Findings from this study demonstrate the ways in which colonization manifests in the higher education setting through the analysis of participant encounters in and out of the classroom. For Native students, these were most often laden with narratives of erasure or the idea that Native peoples have all but ceased to exist. However, in the face of less-than-ideal climates, participants in the study also derived a sense of community, affirmation, and support from the existence of a Native student center. Though participants derived many benefits from having such a space, they also indicated that the Native center was not always immune to the climate issues faced within the larger campus. These accounts contrast existing research on cultural centers. Findings from this study suggests that the narrow understanding of Indigenous identity as an exclusively racialized one, functions as a powerful tool in advancing erasure narratives within the space itself.

La phénoménologie de la donation se présente sous la forme d´un projet d´ouverture radicale du champ de la phénoménalité. Après avoir montré que la modernité a enfermé les phénomènes dans des conditions de possibilité dictées par un Sujet, et que la phénoménologie allemande a poursuivi ce geste en indexant les phénomènes sur l´horizon de l´objectité ou de l´étantité, Marion propose de reconduire le geste de la réduction phénoménologique à la seule donation. Ce faisant, il réintroduit en phénoménologie des phénomènes paradoxaux – phénomènes saturés – qui font violence, par excès, aux capacités réceptrices du Sujet. Marion introduit donc en phénoménologie une nouvelle modalité de l´invisibilité (et donc de la visibilité) que nous appelons « inexistence » (en opposition tout autant avec le non-être qu’avec la non-existence), dont la structure est paradoxalement fondée sur celle de l´écrit, puisqu´il s´agit ni plus ni moins, pour elle, que de présenter de façon positive une absence selon la logique de la signification. Ce faisant, et de par cette structure discursive de la visibilité, toute la phénoménologie de Marion peut être lue comme une véritable apologie de l´inexistence. / The phenomenology of givenness is presented in the form of a project of radical opening of the field of phenomenality. After having shown that modernity has enclosed phenomena under conditions of possibility dictated by a Subject, and that German phenomenology has pursued this gesture by indexing phenomena in the horizon of objectivity or of beingness, Marion proposes to reestablish the gesture of phenomenological reduction to single donation. In so doing, he reintroduces into phenomenology some paradoxical phenomena —saturated phenomena— which violate, by excess, the receptive capacities of the Subject. Marion thus introduces into phenomenology a new modality of invisibility (and thus of visibility) which we call "inexistance" (equally opposed to non-being as to non-existence), whose structure is paradoxically founded on that of writting, since it is neither more nor less, for inexistence, than to present in a positive way an absence according to the logic of meaning. In so doing, and through this discursive structure of visibility, all Marion's phenomenology can be read as a true apology for existence.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wilson de Azevedo Marques.pdf: 1152311 bytes, checksum: d6de8c4789b3e08757a648498238adbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-17 / The objective of the research that gave origin to this text was to try to locate in our society, by means of it analyzes of innumerable readings and for being Brazilian, the question of the Social Invisibility that exists. The present study analysis brings the one of the History of the dictatorship period and after, and the society - subject object placing itself systematically in favorable situation in the first order of the benefits that has right and priority in the social evolution. Many explanations has been offered so that this vulnerability and invisibility are not remained or if they justify, enclosing since the attribution of guilt of the proper Brazilian nature until factors and weak questions and disinterested politics in the proposals of a social visibility. Much little the National State has contributed to stimulate the development of what really it interests, that is, to provide well-being of sectors of the population - what it would transform it, in effect to be able of State. We must consider that it has much to argue in responsibility terms administrative-politics, but we will examine only one brief period that in them seems to be a repetition of many others that had only appeared and imported in searching proper and to fortify them in the authoritarian model. This discussion involves the concept of invisibility which is followed by the conclusions of the true Republic with direct consequence in the society, preventing a dissociation of interests of State and Society. Still in the present study, we decline the theoretical inspiration of thinkers as Jurgen Habermas and its recent theoretical concerns. We do not forget , to appeal to other authors as Michael Foucault in its concern with the constitution of the citizen and Hannah Arendt giving emphasis in the social promotion as essential condition for the growth of a nation. Finally, the work suggests the recognition of the social identity as became a strong politics of the civil society and only factor essential to structuralize the State in its collaborating paper of the society / O objetivo principal da pesquisa que deu origem a este tema e ao texto desenvolvido foi tentar localizar em nossa sociedade por meio da análise de leituras de teóricos nacionais e internacionais um possível processo de invisibilidade social existente no Brasil. Para isto, partimos do período ditatorial e pós, e os reflexos destes períodos na sociedade, ainda hoje colocada em situação desfavorável em relação à dimensão dos direitos fundamentais. Abordamos também o conceito de Identidade como elemento importante no processo de transformação e emancipação. Um leque de considerações foi pesquisado para justificar o problema, desde a atribuição de culpa da própria índole brasileira até fatores e questões políticas fracas e desinteressadas nas propostas de uma visibilidade social, e ainda, a atuação da pós-modernidade como fator alienante do sujeito. Muito pouco o Estado Político tem contribuído para estimular o desenvolvimento do que realmente interessa, ou seja, proporcionar o bem-estar de amplos setores da sociedade e possibilitar a concretização do Texto Constitucional. Devemos considerar que há muito que se discutir em termos de responsabilidade administrativa-política, mas examinaremos apenas um breve período e seus reflexos políticos e econômicos com entrevistas e considerações teóricas para refletirmos sobre este momento. A essa discussão, que envolve o conceito de invisibilidade e subalternidade, seguem-se, no decorrer do trabalho, procurando demonstrar que o sujeito coletivo acaba vivendo a insatisfação que não o garante como cidadão de um Estado Democrático, criando em sua identidade individual um processo de dissociação de interesses na busca de uma sociedade melhor. Ainda no presente estudo, declinamos a inspiração teórica de pensadores como Jürgen Habermas, Márcio Pugliesi e Antonio Carlos Ciampa, em suas preocupações com o sintagma Identidade, Metamorfose e Emancipação do sujeito nos tempos modernos. Desta forma, a pesquisa sugere o desenvolvimento de estratégias sintonizadas com o Estado Democrático através de movimentos sociais como forma do resgate e de fortalecimento da identidade individual ou coletiva e até o elemento jurídico como instrumento de ação capaz de buscar no judiciário a providência necessária

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-05-05T13:26:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tuane Ludwig Dihl_.pdf: 1484969 bytes, checksum: 9f8e1ad9f2831fe571861d83823be475 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T13:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tuane Ludwig Dihl_.pdf: 1484969 bytes, checksum: 9f8e1ad9f2831fe571861d83823be475 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-06 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa dedica-se a analisar as representações veiculadas no jornal porto-alegrense A Federação – órgão do Partido Republicano Rio-grandense (PRR) – acerca dos negros no período do pós-abolição, especificamente entre as décadas finais do século XIX e os primeiros anos do XX. A partir das edições deste periódico, investiga-se a forma, os sentidos e significados atribuídos às categorias de cor e raça quando utilizadas para visibilizar os afro-brasileiros. Esses aspectos puderam ser identificados em discussões que acenavam para o protagonismo abolicionista e político negro, em projetos para a transformação dos regimes de trabalho e nas representações sobre os comportamentos “não-brancos” nos espaços públicos. Verificou-se uma ausência de discursos unívocos sobre os aspectos destacados por parte dos redatores d’ A Federação, que se refletiu em representações igualmente variáveis, que podiam condenar ou exaltar os negros, a incluí-los ou a excluí-los de seu projeto republicano, ou ainda, tendiam a visibilizá-los ou a invisibilizá-los em suas páginas. / This research analyze the representations shown on porto-alegrense newspaper ‘A Federação’ – part of Rio-Grandense Republican Party (PRR) – about black people on post-abolition period, specifically between latest 19th century decades and initial years from 20st century. From editions on this newspaper, it is investigated how and the meanings given to ethnicity and color when used to give visibility to african-brazilians. Those aspects could be identified on discussions that pointed to the abolitinist and black political protagonism, on projects for the work regimes transformation ando n representantions about non-white behaviors on public spaces. It was noticed an abscense of single speeches about distinguished aspects of ‘A Federação’ editors, which reflected on equally variable representations, that could condemn or praise black people, include or exclude them from its republican project or yet tend to either give visibility or invsibility.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Pericles Arruda.pdf: 1750647 bytes, checksum: c76b4b4aab59a67ac654eeeb239da91c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 / Fundação Ford / This dissertation had the goal of apprehend the relation of the teenager in fulfillment of measurable social-educational internment with of the RAP and of the poetry, in view of the use of this art as a socio-educational tool and as a way to enable the communication, the reflection and the realization of the objectives. It is an analysis ex-post-facto about the realized RAP and poetry workshops in the years 2007 to 2010 with teenagers that were in fulfillment of measurable social-educational internment Center of Adolescent Treatment (Cead) Centro de Atendimento ao Adolescente in Portuguese. This is one of the units that execute the social-educational measure of internment to male teenagers at Belo Horizonte/MG. For the realization of this study, was of big importance the analysis of all registers that were made in the period of 2007 to 2010, and it was: footages, photos, production of RAP lyrics and poetry lyrics of the teenagers, reports, records, annotations in the field diary, etc. Were also interviewed a teenager and two young adults that, when teenagers, participated in the workshops; two professionals that accompanied this practice of work with the teenagers and one DJ for being one of the oldest references of the Hip Hop Culture at Minas Gerais state. The realized interviews with a teenager and two young adults aimed to apprehend the resulting of the workshops in the perspective of their subjects. The realized interviews with the professionals have had as objective the apprehension of the meanings that they attributed to its realization. And, the interview with the DJ, was in reason of him subsidize the historical apprehension of the influence of the Hip Hop at the city and in your relation with the teenager. The realized analytical course demonstrated that the RAP and the poetry workshops can propitiate the apprehension and the tract of objective and subjective questions of the teenagers, related to your lives and to the measurable social-educational of internment that they are experiencing, with bigger approximation to their reality / Esta dissertação teve por finalidade apreender a relação do adolescente em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação com as oficinas de RAP e de poesia, tendo em vista o uso dessas artes como instrumento socioeducativo e como caminho para possibilitar a comunicação, a reflexão e a efetivação dos objetivos da medida. Trata-se de uma análise expost- facto sobre as oficinas de RAP e de poesia realizadas nos anos de 2007 a 2010 com adolescentes que estavam em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação, no Centro de Atendimento ao Adolescente (Cead), uma das unidades que executa a medida a adolescentes do sexo masculino, em Belo Horizonte/MG. Para a realização deste estudo foi de suma importância a análise de todos os registros feitos no período de 2007 a 2010, como filmagens, fotos, produção de letras de RAP e de poesias dos adolescentes, relatórios, prontuários, anotações do diário de campo, etc. Foram entrevistados: um adolescente e dois jovens adultos que participaram das oficinas quando adolescentes, com o objetivo de apreender os resultados das oficinas, na perspectiva dos seus sujeitos; dois profissionais que acompanharam essa prática de trabalho com os adolescentes; e um DJ, por ser uma das referências mais antigas da cultura Hip Hop no estado de Minas Gerais. As entrevistas realizadas com os profissionais tiveram por objetivo a apreensão dos significados que os mesmos atribuíram à sua realização. E, a entrevista com o DJ, deu-se em razão dele poder subsidiar a apreensão histórica da influência do Hip Hop na cidade e em sua relação com o adolescente. O percurso analítico realizado demonstrou que as oficinas de RAP e de poesia podem propiciar a apreensão e o trato de questões objetivas e subjetivas dos adolescentes, relacionadas à sua vida e à medida socioeducativa de internação que estão vivenciando, com maior aproximação de suas realidades