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Planification territoriale et résilience des villes au lendemain de catastrophes naturelles : regards croisés sur le rétablissement de la Nouvelle-Orléans en Louisiane et de La Baie au SaguenayWells, Stéfanie 07 1900 (has links)
La succession de plus en plus fréquente d’événements catastrophiques a amené les sociétés à poser les conditions d’une gestion proactive des risques « naturels ». Ainsi, dans une perspective exploratoire, nous étudions les processus de planification du rétablissement postcatastrophe et la place qu’occupe le concept de résilience urbaine au sein des pratiques de cette planification et des contenus et produits qui en sont issus. Nous entamons plus spécifiquement une réflexion entourant l’intelligibilité et l’opérationnalisation de la résilience. Pour ce faire, nous examinons deux cas signifiants d’inondation dans l’historique nord-américain, soit celui de la Nouvelle-Orléans en Louisiane et celui de la ville québécoise de La Baie, ayant été respectivement victimes des ouragans Katrina et Rita en 2005 et des pluies diluviennes de 1996. Après avoir procédé à une brève mise en contexte des désastres éprouvés, de leurs effets et des vulnérabilités physico-spatiales qu’ils ont mis en exergue, nous mettons en parallèle les logiques institutionnelles précatastrophe d’aménagement du territoire, d’urbanisme et de gestion des risques des villes. Nous observons ensuite l’évolution des deux processus de planification du rétablissement et les enjeux et débats qui les ont caractérisés, pour terminer avec une exposition des changements résilients qui en ont émané. Les deux derniers chapitres démontrent que la qualité de résilience des villes est fortement influencée par leurs cultures politiques, administratives et législatives propres et leurs traditions urbanistiques. Bien qu’elles aient su élaborer une stratégie de prévention des risques, qui accepte les inondations plutôt que de tenter de s’y opposer à tout prix, elles n’ont toutefois pas saisi l’entièreté des opportunités qui s’offraient à elles. / A higher rate of catastrophic events has brought societies to set out the conditions of proactive “natural” risk management. As a result, and from an exploratory perspective, we are studying post-disaster recovery planning processes and the importance of the concept of urban resilience in these planning practices as well as the contents and products which stem from it. More specifically, we begin reflecting upon the intelligibility and operationalization of resilience. To do so, we will focus on two significant cases of flooding in North America: New Orleans, Louisiana, and the city of La Baie, Quebec, which were respectively victims of hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 and of torrential rain in 1996. After a brief contextualization of these disasters, of their effects and of the physico-spatial vulnerabilities that they highlighted, we will link pre-disaster institutional logic regarding territorial planning, urban planning, and city risk management. Next, we observe the evolution of these two recovery planning processes as well as their characteristic issues and debates, finishing with a overview of subsequent resiliency changes. The last two chapters demonstrate that the quality of resilience of cities is strongly influenced by political, administrative and legislative culture as well as urban traditions. While they were able to design risk prevention strategies which accept flooding rather than trying to oppose it at all costs, they did not fully grasp all the opportunities that were offered to them.
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[pt] RABISCA E PUBLICA: JUVENTUDES E ESTRATÉGIAS DE VISIBILIDADE SOCIAL E MIDIÁTICA DO PASSINHO CARIOCA AO ATIVISMO DE NOVA ORLEANS / [en] SCRATCH AND PUBLISH: YOUTH AND STRATEGIES OF SOCIAL AND MEDIA VISIBILITY FROM THE PASSINHO CARIOCA TO THE ACTIVISM OF NEW ORLEANS21 December 2021 (has links)
[pt] A presente tese discute estratégias de visibilidade social e midiática a
partir de práticas de comunicação empreendidas por jovens no Rio de Janeiro
(RJ), Brasil, e em Nova Orleans (LA), Estados Unidos. Para tanto, são
apresentados relatos de estudo de campo realizado nestas cidades, apoiado no
método etnográfico – elegendo como ferramental a pesquisa participante e a
análise qualitativa em perspectiva feminista –, além do amparo teórico alicerçado
em tópicos da Comunicação, da Sociologia e da Antropologia, principalmente. Os
sujeitos observados no Brasil (2014-2016) são idealizadores, promotores e
participantes de festivais e batalhas de passinho, dança que surgiu nos anos 2000
nas favelas cariocas. Enquanto estilo que congrega cada vez mais meninos e
meninas, com significativa repercussão midiática, o passinho revela aspectos
comuns aos indivíduos favelados, situações cotidianas que passam por escolha de
caminhos a seguir, conflitos de interesses pessoais e da família e a relação com o
território que, em resposta a um estigma de lugar, tem sido ressignificada no
orgulho da afirmação sou favelado. Na singularidade do corpo performático, o
passinho posiciona o dançarino nas questões coletivas que o aproximam de outros
em condições semelhantes. Já a investigação em campo em Nova Orleans (2015-
2016) permitiu a observação do ativismo juvenil em eventos de poesia (spoken
word) organizados pelo New Orleans Youth Open Mic e em postagens do Blog
Noirlinians, que explora moda, cultura e território, na esteira de movimentos
sociais contemporâneos, como Black Lives Matter. Ambos mobilizam
majoritariamente jovens pretos, conectados por referenciais e práticas de
autorreconhecimento como via possível de produção de visibilidade em um
contexto que o estigma está na cor da pele. Os grupos acompanhados no Brasil e
nos Estados Unidos têm em comum a criatividade e a expressão corporal como
fórum de discussão e meio de representação, além do uso de mídias sociais
digitais e website para promoverem suas atividades, comunidades e a si próprios,
ultrapassando, pela mobilização cultural e artística, a geografia de suas cidades. A
partir do tripé juventudes, representações e visibilidade, que sustenta esta análise,
verificou-se nos comportamentos e práticas juvenis a manifestação de indivíduos
que percebem e assumem a relação social como uma experiência que passa pela
via da sensibilidade, transcendendo interações pessoais e apoiando-se, cada vez
mais, no campo das possibilidades advindas da vida digital, a fim de buscar
reconhecimento em um contexto de padrões de valoração sociocultural
institucionalizados que fazem com que algumas pessoas se tornem invisíveis,
simplesmente pelo fato de não responderem a modelos ideais de ser, ter,
pertencer, comportar-se, como os participantes favelados e pretos deste estudo.
Nesta composição, corpo e novas tecnologias surgem, então, como elementos
estratégicos na construção e proposição de (auto)representações entre as
juventudes observadas, de forma que se evidenciam, pelo menos, dois aspectos:
1) O corpo juvenil destaca-se como a própria mídia, plataforma central, explorada
como território político, construído poética e culturalmente; 2) Práticas
comunicacionais possibilitadas por novas tecnologias potencializam distintas
experiências de subjetivação. Tais experiências permitem a apreciação do saber
proveniente da sensorialidade: as maneiras como jovens habitam diferentes
territórios – físicos e virtuais - e traçam suas trajetórias – muitas vezes agindo
individualmente, porém, jogando luz sobre competências coletivas. / [en] This thesis discusses strategies of social and media visibility based on
communication practices launched by young people in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil,
and in New Orleans (LA), United States. In order to do so, we present the reports
of a fieldwork carried out in these cities, supported by the ethnographic method -
participant research and qualitative analysis in a feminist perspective - as well as
the theoretical support based on topics of Communication, Sociology and
Anthropology, mainly. The young people observed in Brazil (2014-2016) are
idealizers, promoters and participants of festivals and battles of passinho, a dance
originated in the years 2000 in the Rio s shantytowns. As a style that congregates
more and more boys and girls, with significant media repercussions, passinho
reveals common aspects of individuals from favelas, everyday situations that pass
through the choice that they make to follow in their lives, conflicts of personal
and family interests and the relationship with the territory that in response to a
stigma of place, it has been re-signified in the pride of the statement I am
favelado. In the singularity of the performative body, passinho places the dancer
in the collective questions that brings him closer to others in similar conditions.
The fieldwork in New Orleans (2015-2016) allowed the observation of youth
activism in spoken word events organized by the New Orleans Youth Open Mic
and in the posts of Blog Noirlinians which explores fashion, culture and territory
in the wake of contemporary social movements, such as Black Lives Matter. Both
mobilize mostly black youth, connected by referential and practices of selfrecognition
as a possible way of producing visibility in a context where the stigma
is in the skin color. The groups observed in Brazil and in the United States have in
common the creativity and the corporal expression as a forum of discussion and
means of representation, besides the use of digital social media and website to
promote their activities, communities and themselves, surpassing, for cultural and
artistic mobilization, the geography of their cities. From the base of youths,
representations and visibility, which supports this analysis, it was verified in the
youth s behaviors and practices the manifestation of individuals who perceive and
assume the social relation as an experience that passes through the path of
sensitivity. Transcending personal interactions, those young people have seeked
out recognition in a context of institutionalized sociocultural valuation patterns
that make some people invisible simply because they do not respond to ideal
models of to be, to have, to belong, to behave like the favelados and black
people participants of this study. In this composition, body and new
technologies appear as strategic elements in the construction and proposition of
(self) representations among the youths observed, so that at least two aspects are evident: 1) The youth body emphasizes as the media itself, a central platform,
exploited as a political territory, constructed poetically and culturally; 2)
Communication practices made possible by new technologies enhance different
experiences of subjectivation. Such experiences allow the appreciation of the
knowledge that comes from sensoriality: the ways young people inhabit different
territories - physical and virtual - and trace their trajectories - often acting
individually, however, shed light on collective competences.
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Resilience and the cultural landscape : the case of the Lower Ninth Ward after Hurricane KatrinaToueir, Nada 12 1900 (has links)
Le but de cette recherche est d’évaluer l’importance du paysage culturel dans la résilience des communautés urbaines post-catastrophes. Ce travail se concentre sur le quartier du Lower Ninth Ward dans la ville de La Nouvelle-Orléans (États-Unis) après le passage de l’ouragan Katrina en 2005. Les catastrophes naturelles prennent une envergure et causent des dommages considérables lorsqu’elles touchent des villes. La reconstruction post -désastre est donc très dispendieuse pour les villes et les gouvernements, d’autant que certaines régions sont dévastées au point qu’elles doivent être reconstruites au complet. Cependant, le coût le plus lourd à assumer reste celui en vies humaines et si rebâtir les éléments concrets d’une ville est une tâche difficile à entreprendre, reconstruire une communauté est considérablement plus complexe. Dans le but de comprendre une telle démarche, cette recherche se concentre sur les éléments intangibles, comme l’attachement au lieu et les réseaux sociaux, dont une communauté a besoin pour se reconstituer de façon durable et résiliente.
Le concept de résilience est très contesté dans la littérature et plusieurs chercheurs se sont essayés à le mesurer. Cette recherche adopte une perspective critique sur le concept et le revisite d’un point de vue holistique pour mettre en lumière sa complexité. Cette démarche permet de remettre en question l’importance de mesurer un concept finalement en perpétuelle redéfinition dans le temps et selon les échelles géographiques. De plus, en établissant une relation entre résilience et paysage culturel, il a été possible de mieux comprendre la complexité de la résilience.
Touchant à plusieurs disciplines (architecture de paysage, urbanisme et sociologie), cette recherche utilise une méthodologie qui reflète son aspect multidisciplinaire : les méthodes mixtes. Ces dernières permettent la collecte de données quantitatives et qualitatives qui produisent une vue globale de la situation post-Katrina à travers le regroupement de recensions statistiques, d’observations de terrain et d’articles de journaux. Parallèlement, des entretiens ont été réalisés avec des résidents du quartier ainsi qu’avec des professionnels pour mieux comprendre les différents points de vue. Cette méthodologie a permis de produire des résultats au niveau du cas d’étude autant qu’au niveau théorique.
La recherche valide l’importance de prendre en compte le paysage culturel dans les situations post-catastrophes, (en particulier) dans la mesure où il s’agit d’un élément souvent négligé par les urbanistes et les acteurs locaux. En effet, les éléments constitutifs du paysage culturel tels que l’attachement au lieu et les réseaux sociaux, participent d’un sentiment d'appartenance (« home ») et d’une volonté, pour les résidents, de reconstruire leurs habitations, leur communauté ainsi que leur quartier. Toutefois, il faut reconnaître que ces éléments ne suffisent pas à retrouver ce qu’ils ont perdu. Ainsi, l’étude du paysage culturel permet non seulement de mieux comprendre la complexité de la résilience, mais démontre également que cette dernière est une construction sociale. / The purpose of this research is to determine the importance of using the cultural landscape in evaluating the resilience of an urban community after the occurrence of a natural disaster. The focus is on the neighborhood of the Lower Ninth Ward after Hurricane Katrina in 2005 in the city of New Orleans. Natural disasters are gaining significance and magnitude when they hit cities, which are becoming more and more populated over the years. The damage these disasters cause is colossal. It is very costly for cities to undergo major disasters and sometimes, large sections of cities need to be entirely rebuilt. The costliest price is the human life, and as history marks it, too many lives have perished due to disasters. While rebuilding is a challenging task, yet feasible, rebuilding a community is not as tangible as rebuilding the infrastructure. This research focuses on the many intangible aspects, like place attachment and social networks, a community needs to rebuild itself in a sound and resilient way.
The concept of resilience is very contested in the literature and many have attempted to measure it. This research takes a step back and scrutinizes the concept of resilience from a holistic perspective, which highlights its complexity. This leads to questioning the importance of measuring the concept, especially that it changes with time and with the different scales of geography. In addition, a relationship between the cultural landscape and resilience is established, which allows for a better understanding of this complexity.
Taking a little from multiple disciplines (Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning, and Sociology), this research resorts to a methodology that reflects its multidisciplinary aspect. The methodology is the mixed methods research design, which allows the collection of quantitative and qualitative data. The focus is to gather census data, newspaper articles, and observations to give a general perspective on the post-Katrina situation. Interviews are collected from residents and from professionals so as to tackle the research from different angles. This allows reaching results at the case study level as well as the theoretical level.
This research validates the importance of using the cultural landscape in post-disaster situations as planners and government officials overlook it. Some of the elements that constitute it like place attachment and social networks motivate
people to return to their original neighbourhoods and rebuild their homes and community. These elements, however, cannot by themselves give people back what they lost in the disaster. By relating the cultural landscape to the concept of resilience, it implies that resilience is a social construction.
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Recipes of Resolve: Food and Meaning in Post-Diluvian New OrleansMenck, Jessica Claire 07 March 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Blood, Earth, Water: the Tragic Mulatta in U.S. Literature, History, and PerformanceNeff, Aviva Helena January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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African Experience on American Shores: Influence of Native American Contact on the Development of JazzStiegler, Morgen Leigh 11 August 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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Hurricane Katrina and New Orleans: Discursive Spaces of Safety and Resulting Environmental InjusticeShears, Andrew B. 19 July 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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What Is at Stake in Jazz Education? Creative Black Music and the Twenty-First-Century Learning EnvironmentGoecke, Norman Michael 27 September 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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The Closure of New Orleans' Charity Hospital After Hurricane Katrina: A Case of Disaster CapitalismOtt, Kenneth Brad 18 May 2012 (has links)
Abstract
Amidst the worst disaster to impact a major U.S. city in one hundred years, New Orleans’ main trauma and safety net medical center, the Reverend Avery C. Alexander Charity Hospital, was permanently closed. Charity’s administrative operator, Louisiana State University (LSU), ordered an end to its attempted reopening by its workers and U.S. military personnel in the weeks following the August 29, 2005 storm. Drawing upon rigorous review of literature and an exhaustive analysis of primary and secondary data, this case study found that Charity Hospital was closed as a result of disaster capitalism. LSU, backed by Louisiana state officials, took advantage of the mass internal displacement of New Orleans’ populace in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in an attempt to abandon Charity Hospital’s iconic but neglected facility and to supplant its original safety net mission serving the poor and uninsured for its neoliberal transformation to favor LSU’s academic medical enterprise.
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