Sustainable development is achieved through the equal promotion of environmental protection, economic development and social equity. Urban planners play a key role in sustainable development through the mediation of tensions inherent between these priorities. Using urban planning theory that focuses on the conflicts between the priorities of sustainable development and lessons learned from planning practice provides a basis from which to evaluate the claims of sustainability present in the Greater New Orleans Urban Water Plan. Outreach initiatives, policy frameworks and ecosystem co-management are suggested to make the planning and implementation processes of the Greater New Orleans Urban Water Plan more feasible in terms of its ability to foster sustainability. Additionally, conceptualizing integrated stormwater management for Greater New Orleans within the context of the Louisiana coastal crisis can help to make the goals of the Urban Water Plan more realistic in the long term and boost institutional capacity to promote regional resilience.

This thesis builds on previous work on the relationship between queer identities and urban space. Drawing from an analysis of two recurring New Orleans-based queer women’s events, I examine how lesbians and queer women not only use but also actively produce social spaces of their own through participation in events organized specifically for lesbians and queer women. Using qualitative methods, I examine the ephemeral and transient quality of lesbian and queer women’s social spaces in post-Katrina New Orleans and the processes through which such spaces come into being. I argue that lesbian and queer women’s production of ephemeral social spaces provides an opportunity to ground informal social networks in urban spatial locations, to sustain internal visibility, and to create embodied impressions of a cohesive community by emphasizing the role of the body, not geographic borders, for reimagining social territories in urban landscapes. Within this context, attention is given to the class-based and racial projects that affect the trajectory of contemporary queer urban space formation and queer women’s experiences therein.

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This musical, arts-based educational research describes the lived experiences of four K-12 New Orleans educators who believe that end-of-year standardized tests hinder their ability to teach in ways they believe are best. Using songwriting as a form of data elicitation and narrative restorying, this study documents the lived experiences of teachers who have experienced test-related cognitive dissonance. While curricular narrowing and other test-related practices have been studied in many contexts, the perspectives of New Orleans teachers are barely documented. Thus, this study fills a content gap in the testing literature. Musically restorying the data contributes to the accountability literature in three main ways. First, restorying the data as song renders the findings evocatively — that is, in ways that capture the emotion with which the data was originally imbued. Second, because this study is performative (the results were sung live in the community), the opportunity exists to ignite a local conversation aimed at helping teachers navigate testing/teaching conundrums. Finally, as music is one of the least utilized forms of art-based research, this study fills a methodological gap in the arts-based research repository.

Mentoring has been used for centuries as a way for a person to pass on knowledge, skills, or support to a less experienced person. Mentoring in the workplace, however, was not studied until the early 1980s, and then more than a decade later, mentoring was studied in the context of the K-12 teacher workforce. Mentoring has improved teacher effectiveness (Yuan, 2015; Koedel, 2009; Campbell and Malkus, 2011); increased teachers’ self-efficacy (Ingersoll & May, 2011; Saffold, 2005; Louis, 2016); and contributed to teacher retention (Ingersoll & Kralik, 2004; Cohen & Fuller, 2006). Most mentoring studies and theories, however, have been developed with a teacher population that is largely White. While about 50% of students in K-12 public schools in the U.S. are non-White, only 18% of teachers are non-White. Because teachers of color have a profound and positive impact on students, they are worth studying. The purpose of this study is to understand the mentoring experiences of teachers of color in K-12 public charter schools in New Orleans, and to explore how teachers of color benefited from mentoring in the areas of career development and psychosocial support. The researcher utilized a qualitative, phenomenological approach by interviewing ten participants and analyzing the essence of their experiences. Five themes resulted from this research: race plays a significant role in the mentoring of teachers of color; the charter school system in New Orleans has had an impact on the racial make-up of teachers; informal and formal mentoring form a winning combination; mentors provided teachers of color with validation and cultural navigation tools; and mentoring improved teaching practices and retention. This study can have an impact on mentoring theory as it relates to race and identity. This study also has practical implications for K-12 leaders in the way that teachers of color are supported.

La résilience est la capacité à s’adapter aux menaces et à atténuer ou éviter un risque, elle peut être trouvée dans des bâtiments résistant aux dangers ou dans des systèmes sociaux adaptables (Pelling, 2003). Par conséquence, ce concept peut aussi être compris comme la capacité de reconstruire un quartier avec des composants plus solides et plus viables. Presque quatre ans après l’ouragan Katrina, la Nouvelle-Orléans est considérée comme un laboratoire à ciel ouvert. Le niveau de résilience de ses communautés peut y être examiné. L’état actuel de la reconstitution de ses quartiers diffère largement des uns aux autres. L’arrondissement historique de Holy Cross est l’un des plus vieux quartiers de la ville, cette communauté vulnérable est connue pour son patrimoine culturel, apparent non seulement dans son architecture unique, mais aussi ses relations sociales. Un des principaux défi de la reconstruction du quartier de Holly Cross est de trouver une façon de concilier la préservation du patrimoine bâti et de son tissu urbain ancien avec de nouveaux plans de développement, afin de créer une communauté durable. Cette étude examine les rôles des acteurs impliqués dans le processus de reconstruction et leur efficacité sur la création d’un Holy Cross plus durable, résistant et abordable, afin d’encourager le retour de ses résidents. Elle présente également les efforts actuels pour proposer des projets de reconstruction durables tout en préservant le caractère patrimonial du quartier. / Resiliency is the capacity to adjust to threats and mitigate or avoid harm; it can be found in hazard-resistant buildings or adaptive social systems (Pelling, 2003). Hence, it can also be understood as the ability to rebuild a neighbourhood with stronger and more viable components. Almost four years after Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans is seen as an open laboratory in which the level of resiliency of its communities can be examined. The rebuilding status of its neighbourhoods widely differs from one to another. The historic district of Holy Cross is one of the oldest neighbourhoods in the city; this vulnerable community is known for its cultural heritage, apparent not only in its unique architecture but also its social relations. This research investigates the current process of rebuilding a more sustainable and resilient Holy Cross by assessing the efficiency of stakeholders involved in the reconstruction of affordable opportunities that work to encourage former residents to return. It also demonstrates the current efforts to build new sustainable projects while keeping the patrimonial style of the neighbourhood.

Natural disasters are increasing in both number and severity, causing the number of people being displaced by disaster to rise as well. Hurricane Katrina provides a particularly poignant example of the human impact of disaster, and of inadequate disaster response, especially where housing is concerned. The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s response to Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans exposed a gap in the approach to housing survivors of natural disasters, especially at the interim housing level. The FEMA trailer - which was only intended to house survivors temporarily but, in many cases, became a long term housing solution, - provided shelter for survivors, but did not account for their psychological well-being. The loss of one’s home can be a traumatic experience, as people identify their sense of self with their home. Therefore, it is crucial to reinstate this sense of home, and in turn provide continuity to the sense of self, early on in the recovery process. Rebuilding after a natural disaster is a long process. Because of this, disaster housing needs to be able to evoke a sense of home and ownership so that inhabitants can connect with their environment and reinstate their daily routines. This helps them to rebuild their lives. The proposed project attempts to do this by allowing for flexibility and choice in both the design and daily use of the house. The house transitions from temporary to permanent housing, allowing for a dialogue between inhabitant and environment to begin early on in the recovery process, and to persist. The design is informed by theories on place making, elements of home, dwelling, as well as loss and the grieving process.

Natural disasters are increasing in both number and severity, causing the number of people being displaced by disaster to rise as well. Hurricane Katrina provides a particularly poignant example of the human impact of disaster, and of inadequate disaster response, especially where housing is concerned. The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s response to Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans exposed a gap in the approach to housing survivors of natural disasters, especially at the interim housing level. The FEMA trailer - which was only intended to house survivors temporarily but, in many cases, became a long term housing solution, - provided shelter for survivors, but did not account for their psychological well-being. The loss of one’s home can be a traumatic experience, as people identify their sense of self with their home. Therefore, it is crucial to reinstate this sense of home, and in turn provide continuity to the sense of self, early on in the recovery process. Rebuilding after a natural disaster is a long process. Because of this, disaster housing needs to be able to evoke a sense of home and ownership so that inhabitants can connect with their environment and reinstate their daily routines. This helps them to rebuild their lives. The proposed project attempts to do this by allowing for flexibility and choice in both the design and daily use of the house. The house transitions from temporary to permanent housing, allowing for a dialogue between inhabitant and environment to begin early on in the recovery process, and to persist. The design is informed by theories on place making, elements of home, dwelling, as well as loss and the grieving process.

Cette thèse constitue une étude comparée du processus de politisation au sein des groupes de Français ayant émigré aux États-Unis au cours de la première moitié du XIXe siècle, dans deux grands ports atlantiques américains, New York et La Nouvelle-Orléans.Dans une perspective d’histoire atlantique, elle aborde la question de la politisation sous l’angle du phénomène de nationalisation. Celle-ci se traduit dans le rapport des migrants à leur pays d’origine, dans le contexte des bouleversements politiques allant du Premier au Second Empire, et à leur pays d’accueil, marqué par la construction de la jeune république, la période jacksonienne, et le déclenchement de la guerre de Sécession. La thèse démontre que l’essor de structures de sociabilité urbaine parmi les Français est influencé par les circulations atlantiques de pratiques politiques et associatives, telles que la franc-maçonnerie. L’approche événementielle souligne la façon dont les grands événements locaux, nationaux ou internationaux sur les deux rives de l’Atlantique, suscitent diverses formes de participation politique, parfois conflictuelles, parmi les migrants. Trois moments marquent ce processus : une période de brassages issus des « révolutions atlantiques », dont les répercussions humaines et politiques touchent les Français de New York et La Nouvelle-Orléans dans les premières décennies du XIXe siècle ; un moment de coexistence des appartenances nationales allant de pair avec de nouvelles formes d’encadrement partisan et de pratiques politiques dans l’Amérique jacksonienne et sous la monarchie de Juillet ; et une dernière phase conflictuelle et révolutionnaire marquée par les répercussions atlantiques de 1848, les migrations de masse et les mouvements ouvriers de l’ère de l’industrialisation. La prégnance du cadre américain suscite alors des évolutions divergentes à New York et La Nouvelle-Orléans du fait de la division Nord-Sud sur l’esclavage, la guerre de Sécession rebattant les cartes des allégeances nationales et politiques des migrants français. / This dissertation is a comparative study of the politicization process among French migrants who settled in two major Atlantic port-cities, New York and New Orleans, during the first half of the 19th century.In an Atlantic perspective, the politicization process is analyzed as the development of national consciousness, which is visible in the relationship between migrants and their home country – from the First to the Second Napoleonic Empire – and their place of settlement, in the context of the Early republic, the Jacksonian and the Antebellum eras. Atlantic circulations influenced the rise of sociability structures among Frenchmen in these cities, such as masonic lodges. Migrants also experienced multiple forms of participation to major local, national or international events on both sides of the Atlantic, sometimes in a conflicting way.Three periods thus emerge. First, the mixing and gathering of French migrants in both cities were related to the Atlantic revolutions and their 19th-century political impact. Secondly, the expansion of political parties and practices, under the July Monarchy and Jacksonian democracy, led to the reinforcement of national consciousness, without excluding multiple affiliations. Finally, the Atlantic dimension of the 1848 revolutions generated new political tensions. Mass migrations and working-class movements shaped emerging conflicts in the industrial era. In that same period, momentous American issues provoked diverging evolutions between New York and New Orleans. French migrants in both cities were divided on the North-South debate on slavery, as their national and political allegiances were questioned by the Civil War.

Ce travail porte sur le motif polyrythmique de «trois sur quatre» dans la musique écrite en circulation à la Nouvelle-Orléans d’avant le jazz enregistré, de 1835 à 1917. S’inscrivant à l’intersection de l’histoire et de l’analyse du rythme, il propose une analyse comparée à partir de trois méthodologies d’analyse (celle des polyrythmies percussives d’Afrique centrale conçue par Simha Arom,celle des dissonances métriques développée par Harald Krebset celle des polyrythmies dans le jazz mise au point par Laurent Cugny) adaptées et appliquées à des corpus archivistiques dépouillés notamment à la Hogan Jazz Archive (à la Nouvelle-Orléans), rendant compte de la vie musicale dans les salons de la bourgeoisie néo-orléanaise du XIXe siècle, puis de l’émergence du ragtime et du premier jazz. Si tout au long de la période étudiée, les exemples de trois sur quatre sont constitués de la superposition d’une figure rythmique contramétrique sur une figure rythmique commétrique, à partir du ragtime et du premier jazz, un modèle de trois sur quatre se distinguant clairement, quantitativement et qualitativement, de son utilisation au XIXe siècle s’établit: le «paradigme du secondary rag». Un exemple issu de The Banjo (1855) du compositeur néo-orléanais Louis Moreau Gottschalk annonce toutefois ce modèle, offrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives sur l’histoire du ragtime et du premier jazz et l’histoire du rythme dans ces musiques, témoignant de leurs liens notamment avec d’une part, les musiques traditionnelles africaines et leur habitus contramétrique, d’autre part, la musique savante européenne de tradition tonale et son habitus commétrique, mais aussi avec la musique populaire de banjo de la mi-XIXe siècle, qui avait peut-être déjà alors fait la synthèse de ces éléments. / This study deals with the “three-over-four” polyrhythmic pattern in written music circulating in New Orleans before jazz was recorded, from 1835 to 1917. Through an interdisciplinary approach using history and analysis of rhythm, it proposes a comparative analysis from three methods –analysis of Central African percussive polyrhythm created by Simha Arom, analysis ofmetrical dissonance as developed by Harald Krebs, and analysis of jazz polyrhythm designed by Laurent Cugny. Those methods are adjusted and used to study archival corpora mostly held at the Hogan Jazz Archive in New Orleans, reporting on musical life in salons of 19th-century New Orleans bourgeoisie, then on the beginnings of ragtime and early jazz. While three-over-four examples are constituted from the superimposition of a contrametric pattern on a cometric pattern throughout the studied period, a new form of three-over-four pattern (clearly distinct in both quantitative and qualitative terms from its 19th-century forms) appears in ragtime and early jazz: the «paradigm of secondaryrag». An example from The Banjo (1855) by New Orleans composer Louis Moreau Gottschalkis quite similar to the new form though, allowing a reinterpretation of ragtime and early jazz history as well as history of rhythm in both musical styles. The discovery reflects on their connections, especially with respect to traditional African music and its contrametric habitus, European art music and its cometric habitus, but also with 19th-century banjo popular music, which had probably already integrated these elements.